scholarly journals Pengaruh laju sedimentasi terhadap tutupan terumbu karang di perairan Kota Daruba, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Kismanto Koroy ◽  
Djainudin Alwi ◽  
Novaldo Geri Paraisu
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
The City

The coral reef is one of the invertebrate animals that inhabit the marine ecosystem with various aquatic biota. Physical environmental factors including sedimentation, strongly influence coral growth. This study aimed to analyze the percentage of coral cover and the sediment rates in the reclamation area of Daruba City, Morotai Island Regency. This research was carried out in November 2019 using the LIT method to calculate the percentage of coral cover and sediment trap to retrieve sedimentation data. The sediment trap was placed in the bottom waters for 14 days. Stratified filtering was used to separate the sediment, and analytical scales were used to measure dry sediment weight in grams. Sediment sample testing was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate. Measurement data were analyzed to calculate the percentage of coral cover and sediment rate analysis. The analysis showed that the percentage of live coral cover was in the range of 10.8 - 20.52%, this value indicates the condition of coral reefs in the waters of the village of Daruba and the waters of the reclaimed development area of the city of Daruba were in the poor category. Sedimentation rate in the reclamation area of the city of Daruba were 307,34 - 492,27 (g /cm2 /day).Keywords: Cover the reef, The rate of sediment, Morotai ABSTRAKTerumbu karang merupakan salah satu hewan avertebrata yang mendiami ekosistem dengan berbagai biota perairan. Pertumbuhan karang sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik lingkungan, salah satunya adalah sedimen. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis persentase tutupan karang dan menganalisis laju sedimen di area reklamasi kota Daruba Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 dengan menggunakan metode (LIT) untuk menghitung persentase tutupan karang dan pengambilan data sedimen menggunakan alat sediment trap yang ditempatkan di dasar perairan selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan bertingkat dan pengukuran berat kering sedimen dalam satuan gram dengan timbangan analitik. Pengujian sampel sedimen dilakukan di laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Khairun Ternate. Data pengukuran dianalisis untuk menghitung persentase tutupan karang, dan analisis laju sedimen. Hasil analisis menunjukan persentase tutupan karang hidup berada pada kisaran 10,8 - 20,52%, nilai tersebut menunjukan kondisi terumbu karang di perairan desa Daruba dan area perairan pembangunan reklamasi kota Daruba termasuk dalam kategori buruk. Laju sedimentasi di perairan area reklamasi kota Daruba sebesar 307,34 - 492,27 (g/cm2/hari).Kata kunci: Tutupan karang, Laju sedimen, Morotai

scholarly journals Pasang Surut, Arus dan Gelombang Berdasarkan Data Pengukuran Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler di Perairan Pulau Cilik, Karimunjawa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Elis Indrayanti ◽  
Diah Permata Wijayanti ◽  
Hendry Syahputra Ropinus Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Coral Cover ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Current Profiler ◽  
Sample Rate

Pulau Cilik merupakan gugusan pulau di Karimunjawa yang menjadi salah satu destinasi wisata bahari di Indonesia. Perairan ini kaya akan terumbu karang dan ikan berwarna-warni dengan  tutupan karang hidup yang masih tinggi. Proses hidrodinamika seperti pasang surut, arus laut dan gelombang laut secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap kondisi terumbu karang, oleh karena itu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasang surut, arus laut dan gelombang berdasarkan data pengukuran Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) di Perairan Pulau Cilik, Karimunjawa. Pengukuran dilaksanakan selama 7x24 jam dengan interval waktu 600 dt dan sample rate 300 dt. Posisi ADCP pada -5.8177°S  dan 110.5096°E. Kedalaman total pengukuran 14 m dengan kedalaman aktif pengukuran 12 m, yang terbagi menjadi 6 lapisan kedalaman yaitu 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, 8 m, 10 m, dan 12 m.  Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa Perairan Pulau Cilik, Karimunjawa memiliki tipe pasang surut campuran condong harian tunggal dengan nilai formzahl sebesar 2.55. Kecepatan arus bervariasi dengan rata-rata pada seluruh lapisan antara 5.57–6.35 cm/dt, sedangkan arahnya bi-directional yaitu memiliki dua muka arah (timur dan barat-barat daya). Tinggi dan periode gelombang yang didapatkan pada saat pengamatan relatif kecil. Cilik Island Waters in Karimunjawa is one of the marine tourism destinations in Indonesia. These waters are rich in coral reefs and colorful fish with high live coral cover. Hydrodynamic processes as tides, ocean currents, and waves influence the performance of coral reef through direct or indirect effects. Therefore this research needs to be done. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of tides, ocean currents, and waves based on Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurement data in Cilik Island Waters, Karimunjawa. Measurements were carried out for 7 x 24 hours (2 April 2017 - 9 April 2017) with a time interval of 600 s and a sample rate of 300 s. The ADCP position is -5.8177 ° S and 110.5096 ° E. The total depth is 14 m with an actual measurement depth of 12 m, which is divided into 6 layers of depth namely 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, 8 m, 10 m, and 12 m. Result shown that  Cilik Island, Karimunjawa, have a single mixed daily tidal type with a formzahl value of 2.55. Current velocity varies with the average in all layers between 5.57-6.35 cm/s, while the direction is bi-directional, which has two faces (east and west-southwest). The height and wave period obtained at the time of observation are relatively small. 

Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Perairan Sisi Timur Pulau Tikus, Bengkulu

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Giyanto, S.Si, M.Sc
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
East Side ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City

<strong>Condition of Coral Reefs in the Waters of the East Side of Tikus Island, Bengkulu. </strong> Tikus Island is located in the Province of Bengkulu. This small island is about 10 km from the City of Bengkulu. The area is only about 19,800 m2. The waters in the east side of the island was often used as location for the unloading and loading of coal from small ships into large ship (coal transhipment), to be taken to other places. This is because the condition of the port of Baai in Bengkulu is not yet possible for large ships to enter the harbour area. The study to determine the condition of coral reefs in the waters of the east side of Tikus Island was conducted in November 2012. Coral reef data collection was conducted at three stations using Line Intercept Transect (LIT). In addition, the water clarity was also measured using a Secchi disk. The results showed that the water clarity on the east side of Tikus Island was still good for coral growth, with values ranging from 9 to10 m. The percentage of live coral cover was 38.89 ± 5.02%, which was categorized as "fair". This condition was relatively better compared to several other locations that were also located in the Indian Ocean. Supporting data such as the high diversity and density of indicator fish Chaetodontidae as well as the values of heavy metal concentrations in the water columns that are still below the threshold values for marine lives, strengthen the results obtained. Regardless of the presence or absence of negative impacts of coal transhipment occurring in the waters of the east side of Tikus Island, the coral reefs were still in a normal condition. <br />

scholarly journals Profil Terumbu Karang Pulau Kangean, Kabupaten Sumenep, Indonesia [Coral Reef Profile of Kangean Island, Sumenep District, Indonesia]

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Apri Arisandi ◽  
Badrud Tamam ◽  
Achmad Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Ecotourism ◽  
Line Intercept

Abstrak Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan bagian dari ekosistem laut yang penting, karena menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi biota laut.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa persentase penutupan karang hidup, lifeform dan jumlah karang.  Kelimpahan ikan karang dan kondisi perairan kepulauan yang terdapat ekosistem terumbu karang bisa menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kesesuaian suatu kawasan menjadi objek ekowisata bahari.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan juli-Agustus dan dilakukan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT), sepanjang 50 meter sejajar garis pantai pada kedalaman 3 dan 10 meter. Persentase penutupan karang mengacu kepada lifeform dan data ikan karang diambil menggunakan metode pencacahan langsung (visual census).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan karang berada pada kisaran 60-73% yang artinya kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Kangean adalah baik, dan merupakan habitat yang nyaman bagi ikan-ikan karang seperti spesies Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., dan Cheilodipterus sp. AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are part of an important marine ecosystem because they are a source of life for marine biota. This study was aimed to collect data in the form of a percentage of live coral cover, lifeform and number of corals. The abundance of reef fish and the condition of island waters that have coral reef ecosystems can be the basis for supporting the suitability of an area to become an object of marine ecotourism. The study was conducted in July-August and was carried out using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method, along 50 meters parallel to the coastline at depths of 3 and 10 meters. The percentage of coral cover refers to the lifeform and data on reef fish are taken using the visual census method. The results showed that the percentage of coral cover was in the range of 60-73%, which means that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Kangean Island is good, and is a comfortable habitat for reef fish such as the species Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., and Cheilodipterus sp.

scholarly journals Microhabitats of sharknose goby (Elacatinus evelynae) cleaning stations and their links with cleaning behaviour

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Whittey ◽  
Katie Dunkley ◽  
Grace C. Young ◽  
Jo Cable ◽  
Sarah E. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Cleaning Stations

AbstractCoral reefs are renowned for the complexity of their habitat structures and their resulting ability to host more species per unit area than any another marine ecosystem. Dedicated cleaner fish, which acquire all their food resources through client interactions, rely on both the habitat structures (by using topological cleaning stations) and the wide diversity of fish species available on coral reefs, to function. As a result of natural and anthropogenic threats, coral reef habitat structures and their complexity are being lost—despite this threat it is unclear how important reef geometry is to key ecological interactions, like cleaning. Using an established Caribbean reef study site, three-dimensional constructions of discrete coral heads were used to investigate how fine-scale structural complexity traits (structural complexity—measured by rugosity and vector dispersion—height, volume, surface area, percentage live coral cover and refuge availability) relate to cleaner occupancy, abundance and their cleaning interactions with clients. Coral height was a particularly important trait for cleaning, correlating with both the occurrence of cleaning stations on a reef, and with increased cleaning durations and reduced cleaning frequencies/rates. Cleaning stations were also more structurally complex than non-cleaning coral heads, and the increased availability of uneven surfaces (creating cracks and crevices) and refuge availability linked with increased cleaning durations/rates. By understanding habitat features important to cleaner fish on a typical Caribbean fringing reef, we can gain a better understanding of how important reef geometry might be for governing the occurrence and dynamics of such mutualisms.

scholarly journals KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DI KAWASAN WISATA PULAU BOKORI, KENDARI, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

OSEANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Jupri Jupri ◽  
Fella Pritian Cera ◽  
Ahmad Rezza Dzumalex ◽  
Ratna Diyah Palupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
City Center ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Mushroom Coral ◽  
The City

Bokori Island has been a tourist destination managed by the Tourism Office of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial since 2014. The location is close to the city center, making this island visited by many tourists. In addition to the beauty of the island, it is also necessary to maintain the beauty of coral reefs as objects for underwater recreation. The study was conducted on 24–25 July 2019 at three sites of observation. The research purpose was to determine the condition of coral reefs of the island, which is used as a tourist destination. The result indicates that the condition of coral reefs is categorized good by having coral cover about 50.67%. The dominant coral at the island is the foliose coral (CF) group with percent cover about 22%, followed by coral branching (CB) 10%, Acropora tabulate (ACT) 8.57%, mushroom coral (CMR) 6%, encrusting coral (CE) 2% and massive coral (CM) 1.33%. The dominant type of substrate was dead coral with algae (DCA) about 37.3%, and the damage due to explosion could still be seen in the location. The current condition of coral needs to be maintained and improved supervision so that live coral can improve so that the function to support underwater tourism can be achieved.

SHALLOW WATER HABITAT MAPPING AND REEF FISH STOCK ESTIMATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincentius P. Siregar ◽  
Sam Wouthuyzen ◽  
Andriani Sunuddin ◽  
Ari Anggoro ◽  
Ade Ayu Mustika
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Density ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Stock Estimation

Shallow marine waters comprise diverse benthic types forming habitats for reef fish community, which important for the livelihood of coastal and small island inhabitants. Satellite imagery provide synoptic map of benthic habitat and further utilized to estimate reef fish stock. The objective of this research was to estimate reef fish stock in complex coral reef of Pulau Pari, by utilizing high resolution satellite imagery of the WorldView-2 in combination with field data such as visual census of reef fish. Field survey was conducted between May-August 2013 with 160 sampling points representing four sites (north, south, west, and east). The image was analy-zed and grouped into five classes of benthic habitats i.e., live coral (LC), dead coral (DC), sand (Sa), seagrass (Sg), and mix (Mx) (combination seagrass+coral and seagrass+sand). The overall accuracy of benthic habitat map was 78%. Field survey revealed that the highest live coral cover (58%) was found at the north site with fish density 3.69 and 1.50 ind/m2at 3 and 10 m depth, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest live coral cover (18%) was found at the south site with fish density 2.79 and 2.18  ind/m2 at 3 and 10 m depth, respectively. Interpolation on fish density data in each habitat class resulted in standing stock reef fish estimation:  LC (5,340,698 ind), DC (56,254,356 ind), Sa (13,370,154 ind), Sg (1,776,195 ind) and Mx (14,557,680 ind). Keywords: mapping, satellite imagery, benthic habitat, reef fish, stock estimation

Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

2014 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Robert Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Condition

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while  core zone was representative of location for  no diving and fishing activities.  Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover  ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively,  with good condition category.  The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

scholarly journals Apparent stability of a low-density Diadema antillarum regime for Puerto Rican coral reefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2193-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Alfredo Montañez-Acuña ◽  
Abimarie Otaño-Cruz ◽  
Scott D Ling
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
Apparent Stability

Abstract Caribbean reefs have suffered decline in coral cover in recent decades due to recurrent anthropogenic and natural stressors. The regional collapse of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum, combined with overfishing, has contributed to a phase-shift of coral reef communities towards fleshy macroalgal dominance. Here, we examine the population dynamics of D. antillarum at five sites in Puerto Rico from 2011 to 2016 and determine trends between the sea urchin and local benthic habitats. The sea urchin population exhibited low but stable densities (with slight, but non-significant trend of increase), yet showed variability between sites. Large urchins (&gt;60 mm test diam.) were the most abundant across sites and through time, followed by medium urchins (41–60 mm test diam.), whereas small individuals (&lt;40 mm) were rare, indicating recruitment-limitation. Spatial and temporal differences in benthic habitats were not related to local D. antillarum abundances. Macroalgae cover declined at all sites over the 6 years, ranging 5–86%, whereas live coral cover also decreased across all sites (ranging 4–38%). Diadema antillarum populations in Puerto Rico appear stable with limited evidence for recovery trends back to pre-mass mortality densities. Full population recovery may take longer than expected; however, evidence indicates that the contemporary low-density D. antillarum population represents a novel stable regime.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF CORAL AND REEF FISH IN THE LOCATION OF FISH CATCHING USING DYNAMITE FISHING IN KAPOPOSANG WATER PARK AND THE SURROUNDING SEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahmudin Mahmudin ◽  
Chair Rani ◽  
Hamzah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Control Location ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Dynamite fishing is one of the causes of damage to the coral reef ecosystem in Indonesia. Fishing activities using explosives (dynamite fishing) occur because of the desire of fishermen to get a lot of catch with low cost in a short time. Kapoposang Water Park (WP) is a region rich in marine biological resources. However, dynamite fishing activities which are still found within the area have caused the coral reef ecosystem to be severely damaged. The results showed a lower difference in the percentage of live coral cover at dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2) compared to control locations (K1, K2). In addition, the highest average values of coral fish abundance were found at locations K1, DF1, and DF2. Conversely, the results of the analysis found the lowest fish abundance at the K2 location. Different from the average number of reef fish species that were higher at the control location (K1, K2) compared to dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2). For the target fish biomass there is no real difference between the control location and dynamite fishing.

scholarly journals Moving to 3D: relationships between coral planar area, surface area and volume

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny E House ◽  
Luc M Bidaut ◽  
Alec P Christie ◽  
Oscar Pizarro ◽  
Maria Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Planar Area ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Area And Volume

Coral reefs are a valuable and vulnerable marine ecosystem. The structure of coral reefs influences their health and ability to fulfill ecosystem functions and services. However, monitoring reef corals largely relies on 1D or 2D estimates of coral cover and abundance that overlook change in ecologically significant aspects of the reefs because they do not incorporate vertical or volumetric information. This study explores the relationship between 2D and 3D metrics of coral size. We show that surface area and volume scale consistently with planar area, albeit with morphotype specific conversion parameters. We use a photogrammetric approach using open-source software to estimate the ability of photogrammetry to provide measurement estimates of corals in 3D. Technological developments have made photogrammetry a valid and practical technique for studying coral reefs. We anticipate that these techniques for moving coral research from 2D into 3D will facilitate answering ecological questions by incorporating the 3rd dimension into monitoring.

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