CONDITION OF CORAL AND REEF FISH IN THE LOCATION OF FISH CATCHING USING DYNAMITE FISHING IN KAPOPOSANG WATER PARK AND THE SURROUNDING SEA

Dynamite fishing is one of the causes of damage to the coral reef ecosystem in Indonesia. Fishing activities using explosives (dynamite fishing) occur because of the desire of fishermen to get a lot of catch with low cost in a short time. Kapoposang Water Park (WP) is a region rich in marine biological resources. However, dynamite fishing activities which are still found within the area have caused the coral reef ecosystem to be severely damaged. The results showed a lower difference in the percentage of live coral cover at dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2) compared to control locations (K1, K2). In addition, the highest average values of coral fish abundance were found at locations K1, DF1, and DF2. Conversely, the results of the analysis found the lowest fish abundance at the K2 location. Different from the average number of reef fish species that were higher at the control location (K1, K2) compared to dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2). For the target fish biomass there is no real difference between the control location and dynamite fishing.

AN ANALYSIS ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SHARK UTILIZATION USING FISH RESOURCES AND FISHING TECHNIQUES APPROACH IN SELAYAR ISLAND REGENCY

The research aims to record the types of shark utilization in Selayar Islands Regency, explore the spread and shark status of the Regency of Selayar Islands, and examine the sustainability status of shark utilization by fisherman in Selayar Islands. The research method was based on the assessment of EAFM indicator assessments to assess the performance of shark resource management on Tarupa Island, Rajuni Island, Polassi Island and Kayuadi Island Selayar Islands Regency with an indicator approach involving two domains, i.e (1) Fish resources and (2) Fishing technique. The methods of obtaining the data were survey by extracting the data through interviews/questionnaire. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique. The results of the research indicate that the status of utilizing shark fishery in Selayar Islands Regency is currently in medium category. The main issues indicated are a decrease in catch size and the catch of sharks that are not feasible to catch (50% of catch <Lm). The domains that need to get primary attention in the management of sharks fisheries are the domains of fish resources and fishing technique. The efforts of management carried out in each fields are based on central issues that emerge. Connectivity efforts between communities and institutions are needed to produce functional fisheries management status so that the sustainability of shark resources in Selayar Islands Regency can be sustainable

SPATIO-TEMPORAL THERMAL FRONTS DISTRIBUTION DURING JANUARY-DECEMBER 2018 IN THE MAKASSAR STRAIT: AN IMPORTANT IMPLICATION FOR PELAGIC FISHERIES

Makassar Strait has been identified as an area of interesting studies for marine science and operational fisheries. It provides the unique ocean structures such as topographic feature, the main path of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and dynamics of thermal fronts. The aims of this study were to map the dynamic spatial and temporal of the thermal fronts, and to describe their implications to the pelagic fisheries. We used satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of January-December 2018 with spatial and temporal resolutions of 4 km and monthly, respectively. For fishery data, we used sampling data of skipjack tuna fishing ground distributions in October and December 2018. Thermal fronts throughout the year were estimated using a Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) algorithm and the available fishing ground data were overlain on the SST front map. The results showed that the spatial distributions of thermal fronts along Makassar Strait tended to be different every month. However, the thermal fronts were consistently detected near the upwelling area from June to September. Skipjack tuna fishing grounds associated with fish aggregating devices (FADs) developed in the northern area of upwelling in October. Two month later, the FADs and free swimming skipjack fishing grounds again well formed around the same location. It implies that the formation of the thermal fronts after upwelling contributes the positive effect on development of pelagic fishery especially skipjack in Makassar Strait.

THE IMPACT OF SEAWEED FARMING ON THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

This study was aimed to analyze the impact of seaweed farming on changes in the structure of phytoplankton communities on various ecosystems and their relationship with environmental factors. The study was conducted in May-October 2017 in the waters of Karampuang Island, Mamuju Regency. Plankton samples were collectedfromthreecultivationareas, namely areas with sandy bottom (control), seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In each area, three media were placed with a longline system, size 40 x 30 m2 (as replication). Sampling was carried out at the beginning before initiation of the cultivation and every two weeks after cultivation was started for 42 days. Phytoplankton sampling and measurement of environmental factors were carried out at fivesamplingpoints representing the cultivation areas. In sandy areas, sampling was also applied in areas outside the cultivation at a distance of 25m and 50m. Variance analysis was used to analyze differences in the species number and abundance of phytoplankton. Ecological indices was used to test phytoplankton biodiversity. PCA was used to analyze its relationship with environmental factors. Differences in the species number and abundance of phytoplankton between farming areas according to temporal scale were found. The high number and speciesabundance of phytoplankton were found in seagrass areas and significantly different from coral reefs and sandy area. Seaweed farming at the beginning of the farming period showed a positive impact by increasing the number of species and abundance of phytoplankton, but then decreased after entering Week 4-Week 6, along with the occurrence of ice-ice disease on the seaweed. Diversity index value was classified as medium with high equality without the dominance of particular species. The high number of species and abundance of phytoplankton occured at second weeks in all cultivation areas which are characterized by abundance of zooplankton with environmental characteristics, i.e. high DO and low PO4, NO3, andDOM.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEAGRASS Thalassia hemprichii PERCENTAGE COVER AND THEIR BIOMASS

Seagrass has many functions and values, including as carbon sink. However, to estimate carbon in seagrass, it involves seagrass biomass harvesting which is laborious, costly, and destructive. This study aimed to find out the relationship between seagrass Thalassia hemprichii percent cover with their biomass which will provide alternative method for biomass estimation leading to an efficient, less cost and less destructive method for seagrass carbon stock estimation. Seagrass were sampled in Bonebatang island, South Sulawesi, and estimated their percent cover following SeagrassWatch Method from different seagrass condition and sediment type, as well as harvested for their biomass. In the lab, seagrass biomass was dried. Data was analyzed by using simple regression analysis. Results showed that there is a relatively strong relationship between percent cover and the belowground, aboveground and total biomass (R2 = 0.70; 0,81 and 8,3, respectively). Seagrass percent cover (seagrass health status, i.e. healthy, moderate and poor) also resulted a relatively strong influence on total seagrass biomass (R2>50%). However, apart from segarss percent cover, some other parameters are needed to be taken into consideration, such as seagrass densities and seagrass morphologies

THE QUALITY OF SEAHORSE JUVENILES Hippocampus barbouri AFTER MODIFYING NATURAL FEED Artemia NAUPLII TO Phronima sp.

This study aims to determine the substitution rate of Artemia naupli to Phronima sp., which produces high-quality seahorses H. Barbouri juveniles This research was carried out using CRD (Completed Randomized Design) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were natural feeding with different levels of substitution, (A) 100% Artemia nauplii, (B) 75% Artemia nauplii+25% Phronima sp. (C) 50% Artemia nauplii +50% Phronima, (D) 25% Artemia nauplii+75% Phronima sp. and (E) 100% Phronima sp. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance and W-Tuckey test to determine the significant difference between the treatments. The parameters of the study included the analysis of feed quality (proximate and amino acid analysis) and survival. Results of the ANOVA indicated that the substitution of Artemia nauplii to Phronima sp. had a significant effect (P <0.05) on survival rate. Based on the result of the proximate analysis of Phronima, the protein and fat content is insufficient for juvenile requirements, which only ranged from 37,12% and 3,82%. The results of the amino acid analysis of Phronima, the total of essential amino acids are deficient in juvenile requirements. The treatments of C and D produces the highest survival value of 96,67%. While in E treatment produce the lowest survival value of 63,33%. Based on the juvenile quality analysis, it can be concluded that the use of Phronima as an alternative feed for seahorse juveniles H. barbouri can be given at a substitution rate of up to 75%.

PERSEPSI DAN POLA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT TELUK POPOH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM

Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak yang besar di berbagai negara. Adapun dampak dari terjadinya perubahan iklim adalah bertambahnya intensitas kejadian cuaca ekstrim di suatu wilayah, perubahan pola hujan, serta peningkatan suhu dan permukaan air laut Dampak perubahan iklim dapat memengaruhi keadaan di daratan maupun di pesisir atau laut. Salah satu wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang terkena dampak perubahan iklim yang mengkhawatirkan adalah wilayah Teluk Popoh yang terletak di Desa Besole, Kecamatan Besuki, Kabupaten Tulungagung, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kerusakan yang terjadi di perairan pantai Sidem berupa perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan oleh bertambah tingginya permukaan air laut serta adanya aliran sungai Neyama yang langsung bermuara di pantai Sidem, Teluk Popoh. Hal lain yang disebabkan oleh perubahan garis pantai di Teluk Popoh adalah rusaknya sumberdaya alam di perairan Teluk Popoh, dimana nelayan dan masyarakat pesisir Teluk Popoh akan semakin sulit untuk mencari ikan di perairan sekitar. Untuk menghindari terjadinya dampak perubahan iklim yang berkelanjutan, maka PLTA Tulungagung yang beroperasi di wilayah pantai Sidem Teluk Popoh dan pemerintah Kabupaten Tulungagung memberikan inisiatif berupa penanaman pohon dan mangrove di wilayah Pantai Teluk Popoh. Dengan upaya mitigasi tersebut diharapkan mengurangi dampak yang diberikan oleh perubahan iklim di Teluk Popoh. Mitigasi tersebut tidak akan berjalan tanpa adanya usaha adaptasi dari masyarakat sekitar Teluk Popoh. Masyarakat di Desa Besole merupakan masyarakat yang didominasi oleh para nelayan yang kehidupannya sangat bergantung pada keberadaan laut. Apabila terjadi perubahan iklim di laut, maka para nelayan dari Desa Besole perlu beradaptasi terhadap perubahaan iklim tersebut..

IDENTIFICATION OF FRESHWATER GOBY SPECIES FROM THE BIAK AND KOYOAN RIVERS, LUWUK BANGGAI, CENTRAL SULAWESI

Sulawesi is an island famous for its biodiversity, including many endemic species. In particular, Sulawesi has the highest number of gobies in the world, including species with potential as food and/or ornamental fishes. The exploration of freshwater ichthyofauna is important in the context of Indonesian and global biodiversity. This research aimed to identify gobies found in the Luwuk Banggai area of Central Sulawesi, as a contribution to the exploration of Indonesian ichthyofaunal biodiversity. Gobies were sampled from January to March 2019 in the Biak and Koyoan Rivers. The sampled fish were measured and identified based on morphological characteristics. A total of 52 specimens were collected, and identified as belonging to 17 species within two families, the Gobiidae and Eleotridae. Gobies from the Koyoan River comprised 32 specimens from 8 species, while 20 specimens belonging to species were found in the Biak River. Only two species were found in both rivers: Stiphodon semoni and Sicyopterus lagocephalus. These results augment the body of knowledge regarding the presence and distribution of gobies in Indonesia

THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM POTENTIAL FOR EDUCATIONAL TOUR DEVELOPMENT AROUND POND EDUCATION OF HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY (UNHAS) IN MALLUSETASI DISTRICT, BARRU REGENCY.

This research was conducted in October 2017. The research location was the Hasanuddin University Education Pond, Bojo Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency. The objectives of this study were: (a) To identify the various types of mangroves that make up the educational field in the Hasanuddin University Education Pond; (b) To Identify and to recognize the organisms associated with various types of mangroves that compose educational sites on the coast of the UNHAS Education Pond, and (c) To analyze data and information related to mangrove ecosystems and their associated organisms for the suitability of Education. Mangrove data collection using transect (Line transect) with 10 x 10 meters plot area, while collecting macrozoobenthos data using a scope and sieve net, while observing other parameters at the five stations with three replications carried out based on instructions (Englis, at.al., 1994; Noor, et al., 1999; Saru, 2013; and Bahar, et al., 2015). The results showed that 3 mangrove families were identified, namely Avicenniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, and Sonneratiaceae consisting of 7 species of mangrove, namely: Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa, and Soneratia alba. While the associated organisms, namely: 3 species for Carustacea, 4 species for Fish, 7 species for Mollusca, 3 species for Bird and 1 species for Reptile. Based on the results of land suitability analysis showed that the ecosystem of mangrove in Hasanuddin University Education Pond included in the conditional category for the development of Mangrove Education tour.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISIS POTENSI WILAYAH PESISIR SEBAGAI DASAR PEMETAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI DI PESISIR KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI, JAWA TIMUR

Isu konservasi telah menjadi perhatian global sekaligus menjadi isu strategis di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia. Pengelolaan potensi sumberdaya pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil harus sejalan dengan upaya perlindungan dan pelestariannya. Kebutuhan akan rencana penyusunan zonasi kawasan konservasi perairan di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi Provinsi Jawa Timur dipandang perlu dan penting untuk dilakukan, khususnya dalam upaya pembangunan yang berwawasan lingkungan dan berkelanjutan untuk menjaga dan menyamin ketersediaan sumberdaya dimasa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi, inventarisasi, dan analisis terhadap potensi sumberdaya pesisir di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi guna menjadi salah satu data dasar dalam pemetaan dan zonasi Calon Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil (CKKP3K), sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan tentang Tata Cara Penetapan Kawasan Konservasi. Kawasan konservasi perairan ditetapkan berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap kriteria ekologi, sosial budaya dan ekonomi. Sedangkan kegiatan pemetaan dilakukan untuk melakukan penggambaran spasial terhadap calon kawasan sesuai dengan kriteria-kriteria diatas. Skoring terhadap kriteria dilakukan juga untuk mengetahui nilai potensi sebagai landasan penetapan CKKP3K. Secara umum berdasarkan hasil analisis dari kriteria ekologi yang meliputi keanekaragaman hayati, kealamiahan, keterwakilan, keunikan, daerah ruaya, habitat ikan khas/langka/unik/endemic, ikan di lindungi, daerah pemijahan ikan, dan daerah pengasuhan, menunjukkan skoring yang tinggi. Artinya beberapa kawasan secara ekologi berpotemsi sebagai kawasan konservasi. Secara kearifan lokal, beberapa kawasan juga telah memiliki pedoman yang dituangkan dalam peraturan lokal terkait kawasan konservasi. Keseluruhan hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan awal dalam perusmusan kebijakan terkait zonasi wilayah pesisir di Kabupaten Banyuwangi serta pengelolaannya.