scholarly journals The Problem-Solving Mode: Social Scientists Back Home and the Limits of Critique

10.13185/3374 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Czarina Saloma
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Scientists

Applied Ethnology in China: Connecting the Past to the Present

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
John Young
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Research Orientations

As applied social scientists, we need to be reminded occasionally that our theoretical and research orientations, as they focus on understanding various aspects of culture, are themselves products of culture, influenced by history, ideology and problem solving in a particular sociopolitical context. This was brought home to us at the 1989 SfAA Annual Meeting in Santa Fe when a delegation of five Chinese ethnologists presented papers at a plenary session. By describing examples of the use of social science in their society, the Chinese ethnologists provided us with a special opportunity to gain a comparative perspective on our discipline as well as its applications.

4. Leave It to the Experts

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
John S. Dryzek
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Analysts

Complex environmental issues have to date mostly been addressed by administrative means such as regulation, impact assessment, and planning that harness expertise in institutions such as pollution control agencies and resource management bureaucracies. Administrative rationalism is defined as the problem-solving discourse that emphasizes the role of the expert rather than the citizen or producer/consumer in social problem solving. Experts can be scientists, social scientists, or policy analysts who can deploy techniques such as cost-benefit analysis and risk analysis. Recent variations on the discourse involve evidence-based policy making and ‘nudge’. Administrative rationalism figures more strongly as an institutional style in some political systems than in others. The chapter focuses on the United States, as it pioneered many of the practices of administrative rationalism in environmental policy, and China, where administrative rationalism now finds its strongest application. Administrative rationalism is in crisis as its limits when confronting complexity become exposed, and it is arguably giving way to more networked and less hierarchical governance.

Strengthening Linkages in Agricultural Research through a Farming Systems Perspective: The Role of Social Scientists

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Byerlee ◽  
Robert Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Principal Contribution ◽  
Research And Policy

SUMMARYThe principal contribution that the farming systems perspective brings to agricultural research is a farmer and problem-solving orientation. Development of this orientation helps strengthen linkages in national research systems between commodity programmes and between disciplines for both applied and adaptive research. It can also strengthen linkages between research and extension and between research and policy analysis. Issues in strengthening each of these linkages are briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the socio-economic dimensions and the potential role of social scientists. It is argued that the farming systems perspective in agricultural research should be seen as performing an integrative role in research systems. This can often be developed without significant institutional reorganization.

scholarly journals Behaviour and Reasoning Description Language (BRDL)

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Antonio Cerone
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Formal Modelling ◽  
Basic Language ◽  
Simple Notation

Abstract In this paper we present a basic language for describing human behaviour and reasoning and present the cognitive architecture underlying the semantics of the language. The language is illustrated through a number of examples showing its ability to model human reasoning, problem solving, deliberate behaviour and automatic behaviour. We expect that the simple notation and its intuitive semantics may address the needs of practitioners from non matematical backgrounds, in particular psychologists, linguists and other social scientists. The language usage is twofold, aiming at the formal modelling and analysis of interactive systems and the comparison and validation of alternative models of memory and cognition.

Integrating across scales: effectively applying science for the successful conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E Mather ◽  
Donna L Parrish ◽  
Carol L Folt ◽  
Richard M DeGraaf
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Public ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Imagination

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an excellent species on which to focus synthetic, integrative investigations because it is an economically important species that captures the public imagination, is heavily impacted by humans, uses several ecosystems over its life, and is the subject of a large body of extant literature. The following 24 papers were solicited to provide the biological basis for effective and innovative approaches that biologists, managers, and social scientists can use to develop policies that sustain Atlantic salmon and related species. Together these papers highlight the need for and benefits of (a) synthesizing within populations, (b) choosing the appropriate scale, (c) comparing across populations using rigorous, focused, question-oriented methods, (d) integrating across disciplines, (e) incorporating the human perspective, (f) linking multiple ecosystems, and (g) applied problem solving. To show how Atlantic salmon can guide research and conservation efforts for other species in other systems, we review the justification for the supplement and summarize the defining concepts that emerge from the volume.

The effect of teaching method on endodontic problem solving

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Mendel ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Teaching Method

An application of the Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving (POPS) System

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Chiodo ◽  
WW Bullock ◽  
HR Creamer ◽  
DI Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving

Applying a Self-Regulating Private Speech Model to Classroom Settings

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
A. D. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
Speech Model

The paper explores the processes by which children use private speech to regulate their behaviors. The first part of the paper explores the ontological development of self-regulating private speech. The theories of Vygotsky and Luria are used to explain this development. The second part of the paper applies these theories to pedagogical settings. The process by which children are exposed to dialogue strategies that help them solve problems is outlined. The strategy has children posing and answering four questions: What is the problem? How will I solve it? Am I using the plan? How did it work? It is argued that this model helps children systematically mediate their problem solving processes.

Creative Problem Solving in Public School Supervision

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Shapiro ◽  
Nelson Moses
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Supervision ◽  
Team Functioning

This article presents a practical and collegial model of problem solving that is based upon the literature in supervision and cognitive learning theory. The model and the procedures it generates are applied directly to supervisory interactions in the public school environment. Specific principles of supervision and related recommendations for collaborative problem solving are discussed. Implications for public school supervision are addressed in terms of continued professional growth of both supervisees and supervisors, interdisciplinary team functioning, and renewal and retention of public school personnel.

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