Dampak Program Upaya Khusus Padi, Jagung, dan Kedelai (UPSUS PAJALE) terhadap Tingkat Ketahanan Pangan di Kabupaten Malang

Food security in some area can be measured by Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA). FSVA is measured with three aspects which are food availability, accessibility, and utilization aspects. Based on FSVA of East Java 2018, there are 3 sub-districts in Malang Regency in insecurity condition. Food security problems in Malang Regency are low rice land area, poverty, and low clean water availability. One of efforts to solve these problems are with Special Efforts Rice, Corn, and Soybean Program. To determine the impact of this program on levels food security by using FSVA and the differences between sub-districts participating in the UPSUS PAJALE activity and sub-districts that did not participate. This study is aim to describe food security level in Malang Regency and analyze impact of Special Efforts Rice, Corn, and Soybean Program on food security level in Malang Regency. The data analysis method used is the analysis of the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) in the form of individual indicator analysis, composite analysis, spatial analysis, and descriptive analysis. Overall, the condition of food security in Malang Regency in 2018 and 2019 is included in priority 4 (resistant condition), so there is no significant change, but there are no sub-districts included in priority 1 or very food vulnerable. The UPSUS PAJALE program is also able to maintain the level of food security in 2018-2019 which is included in priority 4 (somewhat resistant), but has not increased the level of food security.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION MODELLING OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE PROCESS OF COAL SELF-HEATING IN THE MINED-OUT SPACES

Researches of thermodynamic processes of oxidation, self-heating and self-ignition of coal are necessary for studying of dependence of terminal parameters on a set of the influencing factors. In practice of coal mining by the underground method cases of coal self-ignition in the mined-out spaces of production units (lavas) are frequent. In this case one of the tasks consists in determination of temperature in arbitrary point of the nubbly-porous medium of the mined-out space. Need of the solution of this difficult task is caused by the probability of emergency situations in places with the explosive concentration of methane. It is possible that for each seam and grade of coal it is necessary to develop, substantiate and accept an individual indicator for assessing the state of fire hazard. It is proposed to systematize and methodically process the results of field measurements and observations on the analyzed and investigated cases of endogenous fires in problem areas of mines in order to create basin databases for subse- quent operational decisions in emergency situations.

GEORGIA'S OPPORTUNITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL INNOVATION

Innovation is a means of meeting growing demand in the face of global competition and limited resources. Its role is especially important for Georgia, because it provides an opportunity to improve living standards. The aim of the article is to determine the appropriate strategy based on the initial level of innovation in Georgia, to establish appropriate measures for the development of innovation activities, to explain the reasons for the increase and decrease of the level of innovation based on the analysis of the Global Innovation Index of Georgia for the last five years.We used the methods of analysis and synthesis, positive and normative, induction and deduction to achieve the set goal. The article gives the level of innovation in Georgia according to the Global Innovation Index (GII). Based on five-year data (2015-2019), the reasons for improvement and deterioration in terms of individual indicator scores and ratings and the opportunities for overcoming are identified. Analysis of Georgia's Global Innovation Index allows us to study its individual indicators and identify the tools that will help create new jobs, increase productivity and sustainable development in the long run.

The development of numerical forecasting systems of primary sources of gold on the results of placer sampling in the example Vagran placer cluster (North Urals)

Based on the results of field research, as well as data from stock reports, two types of placer gold were identified within the Vagran placer cluster, which are indicators of primary mineralization. They are used as benchmarks for developing a digital system for predicting parameters and localizing primary sources of placer gold. Formalized typomorphic characteristics of placer gold (size, roundness, fineness, sorting and content of impurity elements), combined in multiplicative indicators, make it possible to forecast the composition and localization of the primary mineralization with greater confidence than ordinary parameters separately. The data required for such an assessment do not require additional field and highly qualified laboratory studies, they are contained in standard reports on the heavy minerals testing, and, in contrast to the characteristics of individual indicator types of placer gold, they give more stable results. The study of the correlation system allowed to identify characteristic indicators for the primary mineralization of gold-sulfide-quartz and hypogenic-hypergenic types, and to give recommendations for conducting prospecting and exploration in order to identify the primary gold content of the cluster. The proposed method of creating forecast estimates allows to computerize the process of determining the prospects for primary mineralization of territories.

Development of a Matrix Based Statistical Framework to Compute Weight for Composite Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessments

Selection of relative weights for different indicators is a critical step during assessment of composite hazards, vulnerability, and risk. While assigning weight to an indicator, it is important to consider the influence of an individual indicator on a particular composite index. In general, the larger the weight of the indicator, the higher the importance of that indicator compared to other indicators. In this study, a new matrix based statistical framework (MSF) for weight assignment is developed that can be considered as the simplest and most accurate method for assigning weights for a large number of indicators. This method (MSF) is based on the valuation of the correlation matrix and Eigenvector associated with Eigenvalue. Relying on the inter build up methodology, MSF can fulfill some built-in gaps among other weightage methods. It can also directly give the ‘decision’ to select the relative weights that are found from the Eigenvector corresponding to the largest Eigenvalue. The new method is applied by assigning weights to 15 socio-economic indicators and assessed vulnerability and risk in the Bangladesh coast. While comparing with other weight methods, it is found that MSF gives the most acceptable physical explanation about the relative values of weights of indicators. In terms of accuracy, MSF is found to be most accurate compared to other weight methods. When large numbers of indicators are involved in an application, MSF is found to be relatively simple and easy to apply compared to other methods.

Growth-Friendly Tax Structures: An Indicator-Based Approach

This paper designs a horizontal indicator-based assessment methodology aimed at identifying those EU countries presenting a potential need and scope for shifting taxation away from labour to other tax bases less detrimental to growth. The assessment methodology, as a first step, selects a set of indicators measuring specific aspects of tax policy. Subsequently, for each individual indicator, performance thresholds are calculated based on a benchmarking approach. Finally, a screening algorithm based on commonly accepted findings from the relevant economic literature is used to assess the overall performance of a country in two policy areas, namely the need for a tax shift and the scope for it. Various robustness checks are performed.

What is qualimetry? May we measure quality in points?

We are introducing the “Model standard of the public library”, where I once read that "scores can be expressed from zero to ten". Is it worth talking about quality in general, if we allow that one of the indicators can be zero? The evaluation of quality is the subject of the study of science, which is called qualimetry The one of founders of qualimetry was G. Azgaldov. However, there are still a lot of people willing to write about the evaluation of quality so that not a word to say about qualimetry. They did not read the books of Azgaldov, and some even dispense with the term qualimetry. Without knowing the qualimetry, we make an obvious methodological error in the assessment of quality. What can be done with digital indicators "from zero to ten"? It's obvious: fold it! You can also divide the amount obtained by the number of indicators: you get a certain "average"... with "zero" quality for one indicator. The quality of the "individual indicator" does not compensate for the lack of quality in another indicator. Too much quality in one does not cover shortcomings in the other: quality in quantitative terms is not summarized. Each indicator should be expressed in the form of a decimal fraction, with the norm (the standard of quality) being the score of 1. The cumulative quality of the object is expressed by multiplying the indicators. There can not be at least one indicator equal to zero (multiplying any integer by zero yields zero). Even if at least one indicator from many equals 0.1 or 0.2, the cumulative index falls so low that it makes us ashamed to talk about any quality! Another interesting and very important regularity for us is connected with the number of parameters for which an estimate is made - as the number of parameters increases, the quality assurance problems increase dramatically. Thus, a conditionally "permissible" cumulative estimate of 0.7 with a number of indicators equal to 7 can be obtained only if each of them is not lower than 0.9. It is necessary to think whether it is worthwhile to express an abstract "score" on the evaluation of the quality of work, which in one case "pulls" for two thousand hours, and in another characterizes the work of the library for many years?