Why inequality matters

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Bent Greve ◽  
Bent Greve
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Trickle Down

This chapter focuses on why inequality matters for welfare states, why we should have an interest in this topic, and how this is related to issues of populism and welfare chauvinism. This is done by trying to systematize the knowledge we have on why inequality matters for, and in relation to, economic growth, for health and for social cohesion. It also discusses why trickle-down economics do not work. The development in inequality is analysed by showing the development using traditional aspects such as the Gini coefficient, but also reflecting on, and showing, data on inequality in health and how this can be seen as connected to change in economic inequality.

Sufficientarianism and the Measurement of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-173
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schuessler
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Income Level ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract What impact should sufficientarianism have on the measurement of inequality? Like other theories of justice, sufficientarianism influences how economic inequality is conceived. For the purpose of measurement, its standards of justice can be approximated by income-based thresholds of sufficiency. At which income level could a threshold of having enough be pegged in OECD countries? What would it imply for standard indicators of inequality, such as decile comparisons of cumulated income, income spreads, or the Gini coefficient? This paper suggests some answers to these questions, showing that sufficientarian ideas could make a difference with respect to the measurement of inequality in a society.

scholarly journals Wealth inequalities in cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and their changes during the seventeenth century. Sources and methods of measure

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Wealth Concentration ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
The Town

I would like to determine the evolution of wealth concentration in main cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by comparing the data from different benchmark years. Moreover, I will analyze whether the Gini coefficient value indeed refers to the communities who are at a threshold of economic growth, and what is the correlation between the value of the coefficient and the town or city’s economic situation. Also, it is worthwhile to ponder the question: is there any correlation – noted by both Jan Luiten van Zanden and Guido Alfani – whereby the larger the town/city, the more visible the inequalities. Finally, how do the towns/cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth compare to those in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Equality in Income and Sustainability in Economic Growth: Agent-Based Simulations on OECD Data.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakaki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Marginal Propensity To Consume ◽  
Marginal Propensity ◽  
Stable Growth

In countries that have developed under the current market economy, inequalities in income distribution tend to increase with three different trends, i.e., high (United States, United Kingdom, Japan), low (North Europe countries), and medium Gini coefficient levels. On the other hand, the relationship between income distribution and social welfare is generally a difficult problem to solve in economics. So, this paper discusses the impact of income distribution on the macroeconomy, limiting the scope to consistency with long-term economic growth. We attempt to answer these economic policy issues by simulation using an agent-based model based on replicator dynamics. As a result of the simulation in this paper, in general, in countries with the high marginal propensity to consume, long-term growth can be maintained by inducing equality in income distribution. On the other hand, a mature country with a low marginal propensity to consume can sustain not so high but stable growth despite increasing inequality in income distribution. According to simulation results based on OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) data, in the former UK, US, and Japan, the lower the Gini coefficient is, the higher the growth potential is, while in the latter Norway and Luxembourg, relatively stable growth is maintained even if the Gini coefficient increases.

Measuring and Explaining Economic Inequality

2013 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
C. Chameni Nembua
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Transfer Principle ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Subgroup Decomposition

This chapter proposes a new class of inequality indices based on the Gini coefficient (or index). The properties of the indices are studied and are found to be regular, relative, and to satisfy the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle. A subgroup decomposition is performed, and the method is found to be similar to the one used by Dagum when decomposing the Gini index. The theoretical results are illustrated by case studies, using Cameroonian data.

A Profile of International Inequality

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Podder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Real Income ◽  
New Method ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
International Inequality ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Total Inequality

This paper attempts to portray a profile of international inequality or inequality of real income among nations, assuming that total income of every country is equally distributed among its population. Also, in an attempt to find the contributions of incomes of different groups of countries to total inequality, a new method of disaggregation of the Gini coefficient is applied to global inequality. While only two types of grouping are analyzed, the method is flexible enough to deal with any type of grouping. It is demonstrated that important questions regarding the effects of economic growth in a subgroup of countries on global inequality can be answered using this method. Thus, the elasticities of the Gini coefficient of the disparity among countries with respect to income of specific groups are presented.

scholarly journals Banking Information Technology on Economic Inequality: An analysis of Electronic Money

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Anna Sardiana
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Central Statistics

The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the role of banking technology, specifically the use of electronic money in reducing economic inequality in Indonesia. Gini coefficient analysis was used as method in data analysis to measure economic inequality. The data used in the study was secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The comparison is done using the Gini coefficient calculation method. The results of  analysis in this study indicate that there is an increase that causes economic inequality in Indonesia regarding the use of server-based electronic money. The findings in this study also indicate that chip-based electronic money which is a product of banking technology can reduce the level of economic inequality in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Why We Should Use the Gini Coefficient to Assess Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantin Kaplaner ◽  
Yves Steinebach
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Precise Measure

Abstract Punctuated Equilibrium Theory posits that policy-making is generally characterized by long periods of stability that are interrupted by short periods of fundamental policy change. The literature converged on the measure of kurtosis and L-kurtosis to assess these change patterns. In this letter, we critically discuss these measures and propose the Gini coefficient as a (1) comparable, but (2) more intuitive, and (3) more precise measure of “punctuated” change patterns.

The Gini coefficient: Majority voting and social welfare

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gabriel Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Salas
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The Gini Coefficient
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