A Conservative Vowel Phoneme Inventory of Sumatra: The Case of Besemah

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Phoneme

Off-line classification of Polish vowel spectra using artificial neural networks

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Wiktor Jassem ◽  
Waldemar Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Word List ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Probabilistic Neural Networks ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vowel Phoneme

The mid-frequencies and bandwidths of formants 1–5 were measured at targets, at plus 0.01 s and at minus 0.01 s off the targets of vowels in a 100-word list read by five male and five female speakers, for a total of 3390 10-variable spectrum specifications. Each of the six Polish vowel phonemes was represented approximately the same number of times. The 3390* 10 original-data matrix was processed by probabilistic neural networks to produce a classification of the spectra with respect to (a) vowel phoneme, (b) identity of the speaker, and (c) speaker gender. For (a) and (b), networks with added input information from another independent variable were also used, as well as matrices of the numerical data appropriately normalized. Mean scores for classification with respect to phonemes in a multi-speaker design in the testing sets were around 95%, and mean speaker-dependent scores for the phonemes varied between 86% and 100%, with two speakers scoring 100% correct. The individual voices were identified between 95% and 96% of the time, and classifications of the spectra for speaker gender were practically 100% correct.

Logic and philology: incommensurability of descriptions of one-vowel systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Manaster Ramer ◽  
Belinda J. Bicknell
Keyword(s):  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Principal Reason ◽  
Vowel Systems ◽  
Vowel Phoneme

Our purpose is simple: to apply a rudimentary kind of logical analysis to the problem, which sometimes arises in linguistic typology and in comparative linguistics, of whether there are any languages with fewer than two vowels. The principal reason why this question has occupied the attention of linguists is probably the fact that Proto-Indo-European is sometimes said to have had only one vowel phoneme (see especially Hjelmslev (1936–7), Borgstrøm (1949, 1954) and Lehmann (1952), following Saussure (1879). Yet this was precisely one of the features of PIE reconstruction that Jakobson selected for attack on typological grounds, reasoning that ‘a conflict between the reconstructed state of a language and the general laws which typology discovers makes the reconstruction questionable’ (1958: 23).

On the mid vowel phoneme in Mandarin phonology

Lingua ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Baoying Wen ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Phoneme

scholarly journals The short-a split in a suburban area of the New York City dialect region

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Allison Shapp
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
High School Students ◽  
York City ◽  
Word List ◽  
Local Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Vowel Phoneme ◽  
Nasal Consonant

In American English, the most common pattern for the pronunciation of the allophones of the vowel phoneme /æ/ is the “nasal-split,” where the vowel is tense (raised, fronted) when followed by a nasal consonant and lax (lowered, backed) otherwise. In contrast, historically New York City English (NYCE) has had a “complex short-a split” with different conditioning factors for each allophone. This paper reports on new data from the eastern edge of the NYCE dialect region: suburban Nassau County, Long Island. Using word-list data from the sociolinguistic interviews of 24 high school students, aged 14-18, and 7 of their teachers and mentors, this paper shows that while young speakers in this region are moving towards the wider American nasal-split, the local version of that nasal-split still includes components of the traditional NYCE complex-split.

scholarly journals The Vowels of Qassimi Dialect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lubna Sulaiman Al-Numair
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Vowel Phoneme

This paper describes the vowels of the Qassimi dialect and explores the characteristic features of those vowels. To achieve this goal, the researcher has compiled a list of Qassimi words. Each word represents a major allophone of each vowel phoneme. These words were then repeated by Qassimi female speakers from Buraidah and recorded by the researcher. The data was subjected to acoustic analysis, and the results were compared to the acoustic results of English vowels. The analysis showed many similarities in the characteristics of both Qassimi and English vowels. However, it also showed some significant differences that distinguish the vowel system of Qassimi from the English vowel system as well as other Saudi dialects. This study sheds light on those differences, however it is left to future studies to investigate further and possibly compare other aspects of these dialects. This study contributes to the theoretical description of Saudi dialects, an area that needs many more contributions. In addition, this paper could be a part of the contrastive studies of Arabic and English, second language acquisition studies, or various other applied studies.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Cognitive Training in Girls with Rett Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Rosa Fabio ◽  
Antonio Gangemi ◽  
Martina Semino ◽  
Aglaia Vignoli ◽  
Alberto Priori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Vowel Phoneme

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with traditional rehabilitative techniques has not been widely applied to Rett Syndrome (RTT). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of combined cognitive traditional training with tDCS applied to attention and language measures in subjects with RTT. Methods: 31 subjects with RTT were randomly allocated into two groups: non-sham tDCS (n = 18) and sham tDCS (n = 13). The former received the integrated intervention non-sham tDCS plus cognitive empowerment during the treatment phase. The latter received sham stimulation plus cognitive empowerment. All participants underwent neurological and cognitive assessment to evaluate attention and language measures: before integrated treatment (pre-test phase), at the conclusion of the treatment (post-test phase), and at 1 month after the conclusion of the treatment (follow-up phase). Results: the results indicated longer attention time in the non-sham tDCS group compared to the sham tDCS group with a stable trend also in the follow-up phase; an increase of the number of vowel/phoneme sounds in the non-sham tDCS group; and an improvement in the neurophysiological parameters in the non-sham tDCS group. Conclusions: This study supports the use of tDCS as a promising and alternative approach in the RTT rehabilitation field.

Segmental Phonology: Vowels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Downing ◽  
Al Mtenje
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
Vowel Phoneme ◽  
Vowel Height

This chapter begins with a discussion of the Chichewa vowel phoneme inventory and its relation to the Proto-Bantu vowel inventory. The distribution of vowels in different morphological and phonological positions in the word is taken up next. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to a discussion of Bantu vowel height harmony (VHH), a process that conditions the possible vowel combinations in stems in Chichewa as in many Bantu languages. Data from a range of morphological and phonological contexts is provided to show that vowel harmony patterns in Chichewa fit Hyman’s (1999b) characterization of “canonical” Bantu VHH. Accounting for vowel harmony—and in particular Bantu VHH—has played an important role in the development of phonological theories of the representation and assimilation of vocalic properties from the 1980s to the present (Hyman 2003d). For this reason, the chapter takes up three different theoretical approaches to Bantu VHH in some detail.

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