Sagittal and tangential foci produced by tilted plane wavefronts refracted through simple lenses

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (22) ◽  
pp. 5959
Author(s):  
Maximino Avendaño-Alejo ◽  
Edwin Román-Hernández ◽  
Gabriel Castillo-Santiago ◽  
Jesús DelOlmo-Márquez ◽  
Luis Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Tilted Plane

scholarly journals Estimation of Solar Irradiation on Inclined Surface Based on Web Databases

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaw Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Tilted Plane ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Long Operation ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Estimation of Global Tilted Irradiation (GTI) is a key to performance assessment of typical solar systems since they usually employ tilted photovoltaic (PV) modules or collectors. Numerous solar radiation databases can deliver irradiation values both on horizontal and tilted plane, however they are validated mostly with horizontal-plane ground measurements. In this paper we have compared GTI estimates retrieved from five Internet databases with results of measurements at two PV systems located in Poland. Our work shows that in spite of good agreement in annual scale, there is a tendency to underestimate GTI in summer and overestimate in winter, when PV modules can receive less than a half of expected irradiation. The latter issue affects sizing of PV system components and implies a correction needed to achieve all-year long operation.

Drops at Rest on a Tilted Plane

Langmuir ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2213-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Quéré ◽  
Marie-José Azzopardi ◽  
Laurent Delattre
Keyword(s):  
Tilted Plane

Tool Path Planning and NC Generation of Tilted Plane Machining Features for Five-Axis Machining

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hua She ◽  
Yueh Hsun Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Machining Feature ◽  
Machining Errors ◽  
Tilted Plane ◽  
Five Axis

Designs of free-form surface products are becoming increasingly complex. In traditional three-axis machine tool machining, errors that are caused by repetitive positioning and the costs of fixture jig design and manufacturing are critical. Since multi-axis machining provides two more rotational degrees of freedom than a three-axis machine tool, the former can solve these problems, and has therefore become the trend of precision cutting. As multi-axis machined parts often have holes and grooves on the tilted plane, this work proposes a method for machining tilted working plane features and for NC generation on a five-axis machine. The developed module can provide common geometric features, allowing the user to alter the machining feature and sequence on the tilted plane quickly using the parent-child relationship in a tree diagram, and plan the tool path. The postprocessor module developed in this paper can transform the tool path into an NC program required for machining. Finally, solid cutting simulation software is utilized to confirm the feasibility and correctness of the tool path and NC data of the tilted plane machining feature.

scholarly journals Global Solar Radiation Estimation on a Horizontal and Tilted Plane in Agadir City, Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Mustapha Elyaqouti ◽  
Lahoussine Bouhouch ◽  
Ahmed Ihlal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilted Plane

scholarly journals Evaluation of the PV energy production determined by measurements, simulation and analytical calculations

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Dorin Petreuş ◽  
Mugur Bălan ◽  
Octavian Pop ◽  
Radu Etz ◽  
Toma Patărău
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Tilted Plane

The study provides a comparative analysis of the energy production of a 3 kW peak PV array connected in an islanded microgrid, in correlation with solar radiation and ambient temperature measurements. The experimental system is located in Cluj-Napoca Romania and was monitored during the year 2017, based on a graphical user interface. It was also evaluated the capability to predict the PV energy production by using the PV*SOL simulation software and an analytical model, developed at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. As input data in the analytical model was used the measured solar radiation and ambient temperature while in the simulations was used alternatively measured data and average meteorological data available in the software database. Besides energy production it was compared the solar radiation on the tilted plane of the PV panels, the PV panel's temperature and the system efficiency. For the predictions accuracy evaluation it was used the weighted mean absolute error based on total energy production, which was found to be lower than 1%, in good agreement with the values reported in literature. The outcomes of this study are valuable for expanding the PV installations in this area and for predictive energy management developments.

scholarly journals Robot assisted versus laparoscopic suturing learning curve in a simulated setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 3679-3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Leijte ◽  
Ivo de Blaauw ◽  
Frans Van Workum ◽  
Camiel Rosman ◽  
Sanne Botden
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Laparoscopic Group ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Intracorporeal Suturing ◽  
Cumulative Sum Analysis ◽  
Tilted Plane

Abstract Background Compared to conventional laparoscopy, robot assisted surgery is expected to have most potential in difficult areas and demanding technical skills like minimally invasive suturing. This study was performed to identify the differences in the learning curves of laparoscopic versus robot assisted suturing. Method Novice participants performed three suturing tasks on the EoSim laparoscopic augmented reality simulator or the RobotiX robot assisted virtual reality simulator. Each participant performed an intracorporeal suturing task, a tilted plane needle transfer task and an anastomosis needle transfer task. To complete the learning curve, all tasks were repeated up to twenty repetitions or until a time plateau was reached. Clinically relevant and comparable parameters regarding time, movements and safety were recorded. Intracorporeal suturing time and cumulative sum analysis was used to compare the learning curves and phases. Results Seventeen participants completed the learning curve laparoscopically and 30 robot assisted. Median first knot suturing time was 611 s (s) for laparoscopic versus 251 s for robot assisted (p < 0.001), and this was 324 s versus 165 (sixth knot, p < 0.001) and 257 s and 149 s (eleventh knot, p < 0.001) respectively on base of the found learning phases. The percentage of ‘adequate surgical knots’ was higher in the laparoscopic than in the robot assisted group. First knot: 71% versus 60%, sixth knot: 100% versus 83%, and eleventh knot: 100% versus 73%. When assessing the ‘instrument out of view’ parameter, the robot assisted group scored a median of 0% after repetition four. In the laparoscopic group, the instrument out of view increased from 3.1 to 3.9% (left) and from 3.0 to 4.1% (right) between the first and eleventh knot (p > 0.05). Conclusion The learning curve of minimally invasive suturing shows a shorter task time curve using robotic assistance compared to the laparoscopic curve. However, laparoscopic outcomes show good end results with rapid outcome improvement.

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