scholarly journals Optical clearing based cellular-level 3D visualization of intact lymph node cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjoo Song ◽  
Howon Seo ◽  
Kibaek Choe ◽  
Yoonha Hwang ◽  
Jinhyo Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Optical Clearing

scholarly journals 3D Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Reaction of Pulpal CD11c+ Dendritic Cells against Pulpitis in Whole Murine Tooth

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12683
Author(s):  
Sujung Hong ◽  
Yeoung-Hyun Park ◽  
Jingu Lee ◽  
Jieun Moon ◽  
Eunji Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Optical Clearing ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Clearing Technique

In dental pulp, diverse types of cells mediate the dental pulp immunity in a highly complex and dynamic manner. Yet, 3D spatiotemporal changes of various pulpal immune cells dynamically reacting against foreign pathogens during immune response have not been well characterized. It is partly due to the technical difficulty in detailed 3D comprehensive cellular-level observation of dental pulp in whole intact tooth beyond the conventional histological analysis using thin tooth slices. In this work, we validated the optical clearing technique based on modified Murray’s clear as a valuable tool for a comprehensive cellular-level analysis of dental pulp. Utilizing the optical clearing, we successfully achieved a 3D visualization of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the dentin-pulp complex of a whole intact murine tooth. Notably, a small population of unique CD11c+ dendritic cells extending long cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubule while located at the dentin-pulp interface like odontoblasts were clearly visualized. 3D visualization of whole murine tooth enabled a reliable observation of these rarely existing cells with a total number less than a couple of tens in one tooth. These CD11c+ dendritic cells with processes in the dentinal tubule were significantly increased in the dental pulpitis model induced by mechanical and chemical irritation. Additionally, the 3D visualization revealed a distinct spatial 3D arrangement of pulpal CD11c+ cells in the pulp into a front-line barrier-like formation in the pulp within 12 h after the irritation. Collectively, these observations demonstrated the unique capability of optical clearing-based comprehensive 3D cellular-level visualization of the whole tooth as an efficient method to analyze 3D spatiotemporal changes of various pulpal cells in normal and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals 3D-mapping of human lymph node and spleen reveals integrated neuronal, vascular, and ductal cell networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Currlin ◽  
Harry Nick ◽  
Jerelyn Nick ◽  
Maigan Brusko ◽  
Hunter Hakimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Choline Acetyl Transferase ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Cell Networks

As secondary lymphoid organs, the spleen and lymph node represent important hubs for both innate and adaptive immunity. Neuroanatomical and tracing data, largely derived from rodents, suggest that lymph nodes contain sensory and sympathetic innervation, whereas the spleen contains postganglionic sympathetic innervation, with conflicting views regarding the existence of cholinergic or vagal innervation. Herein, we map the neuronal, vascular, and sinus cell networks from human spleen and lymph node using highly multiplexed CODEX (CO-Detection by indEXing) and 3D light sheet microscopy of cleared tissues. These data demonstrate striking delineation of two distinct layers within the lymph node subcapsular sinus-the ceiling defined by Podoplanin expression and floor by LYVE1, which overlays the lymph node follicles. Within the lymph node interior, we observed a mesh-like vessel network innervated with GAP43 and beta3-tubulin. Dense perivascular innervation occurred in both tissues, including a subset of axonal processes expressing choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). Four neuronal markers (ChAT, PGP9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase, and beta3-tubulin) localized to the arterial tunica externa suggest expression in the nervi vasorum while GAP43 was expressed within the internal elastic membrane of arteries. These data represent highly novel 3D visualization of perivascular and periductal autonomic innervation within these two key human organs.

scholarly journals 3D Visualization of the Glomerulus within Kidney Tissue made Transparent through Passive Optical Clearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Conciatori ◽  
Martin Sandig ◽  
Alexandria De Santis‐Smith ◽  
Kem Rogers ◽  
Brian Allman
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Optical Clearing

Tissue optical clearing for 3D visualization of vascular networks: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 106905
Author(s):  
Jingtan Zhu ◽  
Xiaomei Liu ◽  
Yating Deng ◽  
Dongyu Li ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Optical Clearing ◽  
Tissue Optical Clearing

scholarly journals Early accumulation of PrPSc in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 3115-3126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Andréoletti ◽  
Patricia Berthon ◽  
Daniel Marc ◽  
Pierre Sarradin ◽  
Jeanne Grosclaude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Natural Scrapie ◽  
Scrapie Infection ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs

The immune system is known to be involved in the early phase of scrapie pathogenesis. However, the infection route of naturally occurring scrapie and its spread within the host are not entirely known. In this study, the pathogenesis of scrapie was investigated in sheep of three PrP genotypes, from 2 to 9 months of age, which were born and raised together in a naturally scrapie-affected Romanov flock. The kinetics of PrPSc accumulation in sheep organs were determined by immunohistochemistry. PrPSc was detected only in susceptible VRQ/VRQ sheep, from 2 months of age, with an apparent entry site at the ileal Peyer’s patch as well as its draining mesenteric lymph node. At the cellular level, PrPSc deposits were associated with CD68-positive cells of the dome area and B follicles before being detected in follicular dendritic cells. In 3- to 6-month-old sheep, PrPSc was detected in most of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and to a lesser extent in more systemic lymphoid formations such as the spleen or the mediastinal lymph node. All secondary lymphoid organs showed a similar intensity of PrPSc-immunolabelling at 9 months of age. At this time-point, PrPSc was also detected in the autonomic myenteric nervous plexus and in the nucleus parasympathicus nervi X of the brain stem. These data suggest that natural scrapie infection occurs by the oral route via infection of the Peyer’s patches followed by replication in the GALT. It may then spread to the central nervous system through the autonomic nervous fibres innervating the digestive tract.

Optical clearing at cellular level

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 071409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Kinnunen ◽  
Alexander V. Bykov ◽  
Juho Tuorila ◽  
Tomi Haapalainen ◽  
Artashes V. Karmenyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Optical Clearing

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Mapping of Retrograde Multi-Labeled Motor Neuron Columns in the Spinal Cord

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Jianyi Xu ◽  
Xiaofeng Yin ◽  
Yisong Qi ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Yusha Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Clearing ◽  
Retrograde Labeling ◽  
Functional Relationships

The quantification and distribution characteristics of spinal motor neurons play important roles in the study of spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury and repair. In most research, the sole retrograde labeling of each nerve or muscle could not simultaneously obtain the distributions of different motor neuron subpopulations. Therefore, it did not allow mapping of spatial relationships of different motor neuron columns for disclosing the functional relationship of different nerve branches. Here, we combined the multiple retrograde labeling, optical clearing, and imaging for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of motor neurons of multiple brachial plexus branches. After screening fluorescent tracers by the labeling feasibility of motor neurons and fluorescence compatibility with optical clearing, we performed mapping and quantification of the motor neurons of ulnar, median, and radial nerves in the spinal cord, then disclosed the relative spatial distribution among different neuronal subpopulations. This work will provide valuable mapping data for the understanding of the functional relationships among brachial plexus branches, hopefully facilitating the study of regeneration of axons and remodeling of motor neurons in peripheral nerve repair.

scholarly journals Case Report: Intercostal Lymph Node Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Zhou ◽  
Jinxuan Hou ◽  
Ning Meng ◽  
Staiculescu Daniel ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Node Metastasis

The axillary lymph nodes are the primary group responsible for lymphatic drainage in the breast and, consequently, are the most common location for breast cancer metastasis. However, lymphatic pathways running from the breast, via intercostal spaces, to parasternal lymph vessels have also been identified. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition manual, regional lymph node metastasis normally travels to the ipsilateral axillary, supraclavicular, subclavicular, and internal mammary lymph nodes. The presence of intercostal metastasis is out the range of these regional lymph nodes. It is very rare for intercostal lymph nodes to be the extra-axillary site of metastasis in breast cancer, and it has been little reported on in the literature. Despite its rarity, it has the capacity to adversely affect the prognosis of breast cancer and drastically influence treatment choice. Here, we analyze such a case, with a patient receiving a radical mastectomy and metastatic intercostal lymph node dissection due to the presence of intercostal lymph node metastasis indicated via MRI. Furthermore, the potential application of preoperative 3-dimensional (3D) visualization and surgical planning is also discussed.

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