Urinary Stone Layer Analysis of Mineral Components by Raman Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, and X-ray Powder Diffraction: A Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kontoyannis ◽  
N. C. Bouropoulos ◽  
P. G. Koutsoukos
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Ft Ir

Mineral components of a urinary stone forming layers have been analyzed with the use of Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The three spectroscopic methods were compared with respect to their capability of yielding reliable analytical qualitative results. The application of RS yielded less crowded spectra with sharper bands in comparison with those obtained by FT-IR. The analysis of the various mineral layers found in a human stone was possible with RS by focusing the laser beam at the desired layer. Overlapping broad bands were produced from the application of FT-IR, which made it difficult to identify components whose bands showed overlapping. Powder XRD could not be used for accurate analysis of the mineral components of the various stone layers since the material contained in the layers of small stones is not sufficient for analytical purposes. Moreover, the necessary stone grinding precludes the possibility of mineral topological analysis.

Probing Octahedral Tilting in Dion-Jacobson Layered Perovskites With Neutron Powder Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshu A. Kurzman ◽  
Margret J. Geselbracht
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Layered Perovskite ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Solid Solution Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Octahedral Tilting ◽  
Average Size

AbstractTwo new Dion-Jacobson type layered perovskite solid solutions, RbCa2-xSrxM3O10 (M = Nb, Ta; 0 ≤ x ≤ 2), were prepared and studied by X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed single-phase solid solution formation with continuous expansion of the idealized primitive tetragonal unit cell with increasing strontium content. Neutron powder diffraction studies of selected samples revealed lower symmetries and larger unit cells, as necessitated by octahedral tilting within the perovskite slabs, compared to the idealized primitive cell. As the average size of the A-cation in the perovskite slab is varied from Sr2+ to Ca2+, more extensive octahedral tilting is introduced. Vibrational modes of the perovskite slab observed using Raman spectroscopy show subtle changes as a function of calcium/strontium content and more intriguing differences between the isostructural niobates and tantalates.

scholarly journals Copper-Containing Agates of the Avacha Bay (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Galina Palyanova ◽  
Evgeny Sidorov ◽  
Andrey Borovikov ◽  
Yurii Seryotkin
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eastern Kamchatka ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Avacha Bay ◽  
Copper Sulphides

The copper-containing agates of the Avacha Bay (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia) have been investigated in this study. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and fluid inclusions were used to investigate the samples. It was found that copper mineralization in agates is represented by native copper, copper sulphides (chalcocite, djurleite, digenite, anilite, yarrowite, rarely chalcopyrite) and cuprite. In addition to copper minerals, sphalerite and native silver were also found in the agates. Native copper is localized in a siliceous matrix in the form of inclusions usually less than 100 microns in size—rarely up to 1 mm—forming dendrites and crystals of a cubic system. Copper sulphides are found in the interstices of chalcedony often cementing the marginal parts of spherule aggregates of silica. In addition, they fill the micro veins, which occupy a cross-cutting position with respect to the concentric bands of chalcedony. The idiomorphic appearance of native copper crystals and clear boundaries with the silica matrix suggest their simultaneous crystallization. Copper sulphides, cuprite, and barite micro veins indicate a later deposition. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that the Avacha Bay agates contained cristobalite in addition to quartz and moganite. The fluid inclusions study shows that the crystalline quartz in the center of the nodule in agates was formed with the participation of solutions containing a very low salt concentration (<0.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent) at the temperature range 110–50 °C and below. The main salt components were CaCl2 and NaCl, with a probable admixture of MgCl2. The copper mineralization in the agates of the Avacha Bay established in the volcanic strata can serve as a direct sign of their metallogenic specialization.

A synergic approach of X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy for crystal structure determination of 2,3-thienoimide capped oligothiophenes

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 3630-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cappuccino ◽  
P. P. Mazzeo ◽  
T. Salzillo ◽  
E. Venuti ◽  
A. Giunchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Molecular Conformation ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Crystal Structure Determination ◽  
X Ray

This work presents a Raman based approach for the rapid identification of the molecular conformation in a series of new 2,3-thienoimide capped quaterthiophenes.

Analysis of Prostatic Stent Encrustation and of Entrapped Urinary Stone Using FT-IR and FT-Raman Spectroscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kontoyannis ◽  
N. Bouropoulos ◽  
H. H. Dauaher ◽  
C. Bouropoulos ◽  
N. V. Vagenas
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fourier Transform Raman ◽  
Ammonium Urate

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-RS) were used in order to characterize the encrusted deposits formed on a metallic thermosensitive prostatic stent. A 4 mm urinary stone entrapped within the lumen was also analyzed. Six different substances, a very rare occurrence, were detected, yielding complex spectra. Struvite (STR), hydroxyapatite (HAP), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), potassium urate (PU), and ammonium urate (AU) were the main components of concretion formed on the metal surface. STR and PU were detected on the 0.2 mm external surface of the stone, while the 3.8 mm core was found to be uric acid (UA). The broad and overlapping FT-IR bands of STR and COM made their identification difficult, while the detection of HAP was hindered by the presence of numerous urates bands, which, on the other hand, were used for the discrimination among UA, AU, and PU. Raman spectroscopy proved to be more sensitive to urate presence than did FT-IR, while the identification of STR, COM, and HAP was easier for FT-RS but more difficult with respect to AU and UA since all their bands, but three, coincide. A combination of the two techniques was necessary for the qualitative analysis of the encrustation and the stone.

Transition Metal Pnictide Synthesis: Self Propagating Reactions Involving Sodium Arsenide, Antimonide and Bismuthide

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Hector ◽  
Ivan P. Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Metal Halides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cu And Zn

Initiation of the reaction between Na 3E (E = As, Sb, Bi) and anhydrous metal halides at 25 to 550 °C produces metal arsenides MxAsy (M=Y,La, Ti, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt ,Cu and Zn) and antimonides MxSby (M=Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Cu and Zn) via an exothermic selfpropagating reaction. The metal arsenides were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, SEM/EDAX , microanalysis and FT-IR.

Characterisation of LaGdO3 by X-ray powder diffraction and raman spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Tompsett ◽  
R.J. Phillips ◽  
N.M. Sammes ◽  
A.M. Cartner
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Application of spectroscopic methods for identification (FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy) and determination (UV, EPR) of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Experimental and DFT based approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Paczkowska ◽  
Kornelia Lewandowska ◽  
Waldemar Bednarski ◽  
Mikołaj Mizera ◽  
Agnieszka Podborska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Ft Ir

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Stable Hydroxyapatite

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Meriem Harkat ◽  
Safia Alleg ◽  
Rafik Chemam ◽  
Sonia Azzaza ◽  
Majda Mokhtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Nanocrystalline and thermally stable hydroxyapatite (HA) powder with nominal composition of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 was prepared by wet chemical route from calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)6 and mono ammonium phosphate NH4H2PO4 as calcium and phosphate sources, respectively. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure, microstructure, molecular bonding, thermal behavior and morphology was investigated by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The XRD patterns of the as-prepared and calcined powders exhibit a single phase of hydroxyapatite. The crystallite size of as-prepared and calcined HA is in the range of 44-182 nm. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy results are in good agreement with XRD ones. The EDS analysis reveals the presence of all elements. The thermal stability of the synthesized powders is evidenced by TGA/DTA scans which show a weight loss smaller than 2%.

scholarly journals A barium germanium 1,2-ethanediolato complex as precursor for barium metagermanate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Köferstein
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Mixed Oxide ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Shrinkage Behaviour ◽  
Ft Ir

The thermal behaviour of [Ba(HOC2H4OH)2Ge(OC2H4O)3] (2) as a BaGeO3 precursor,and its phase evolution during thermal decomposition in different atmospheres are described herein.The precursor complex decomposes in air to a finely divided mixture of BaCO3 and GeO2, whichsubsequently reacts above 650 °C to orthorhombic BaGeO3, transforming above 800 °C tohexagonal BaGeO3. The shrinkage behaviour of BaGeO3 compacts made from the as-preparedpowders as well as from conventional mixed-oxide powders has been investigated. The sampleswere characterised by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), dilatometric measurements and thermoanalytic investigations (TG/DTA).

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