scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of adiposity with cardiometabolic traits in the UK: A multi–life stage cohort study with repeat metabolomics

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e1003636
Author(s):  
Linda M. O’Keeffe ◽  
Joshua A. Bell ◽  
Kate N. O’Neill ◽  
Matthew A. Lee ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Background Sex differences in cardiometabolic disease risk are commonly observed across the life course but are poorly understood and may be due to different associations of adiposity with cardiometabolic risk in females and males. We examined whether adiposity is differently associated with cardiometabolic trait levels in females and males at 3 different life stages. Methods and findings Data were from 2 generations (offspring, Generation 1 [G1] born in 1991/1992 and their parents, Generation 0 [G0]) of a United Kingdom population-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Follow-up continues on the cohort; data up to 25 y after recruitment to the study are included in this analysis. Body mass index (BMI) and total fat mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were measured at mean age 9 y, 15 y, and 18 y in G1. Waist circumference was measured at 9 y and 15 y in G1. Concentrations of 148 cardiometabolic traits quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured at 15 y, 18 y, and 25 y in G1. In G0, all 3 adiposity measures and the same 148 traits were available at 50 y. Using linear regression models, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures at each time point (9 y, 15 y, and 18 y) with cardiometabolic traits 3 to 6 y later were examined in G1. In G0, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures and cardiometabolic traits were examined cross-sectionally at 50 y. A total of 3,081 G1 and 4,887 G0 participants contributed to analyses. BMI was more strongly associated with key atherogenic traits in males compared with females at younger ages (15 y to 25 y), and associations were more similar between the sexes or stronger in females at 50 y, particularly for apolipoprotein B–containing lipoprotein particles and lipid concentrations. For example, a 1 standard deviation (SD) (3.8 kg/m2) higher BMI at 18 y was associated with 0.36 SD (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20, 0.52) higher concentrations of extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles at 25 y in males compared with 0.15 SD (95% CI = 0.09, 0.21) in females, P value for sex difference = 0.02. By contrast, at 50 y, a 1 SD (4.8 kg/m2) higher BMI was associated with 0.33 SD (95% CI = 0.25, 0.42) and 0.30 SD (95% CI = 0.26, 0.33) higher concentrations of extremely large VLDL particles in males and females, respectively, P value for sex difference = 0.42. Sex-specific associations of DXA-measured fat mass and waist circumference with cardiometabolic traits were similar to findings for BMI and cardiometabolic traits at each age. The main limitation of this work is its observational nature, and replication in independent cohorts using methods that can infer causality is required. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that associations of adiposity with adverse cardiometabolic risk begin earlier in the life course among males compared with females and are stronger until midlife, particularly for key atherogenic lipids. Adolescent and young adult males may therefore be high priority targets for obesity prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of adiposity with cardiometabolic traits: multi-life-stage cohort study with repeat metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O’Keeffe ◽  
Joshua A. Bell ◽  
Kate N. O’Neill ◽  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in cardiometabolic disease risk are commonly observed across the life course but are poorly understood and may be due to different cardiometabolic consequences of adiposity in females and males. We examined whether adiposity influences cardiometabolic trait levels differently in females and males at four different life stages.MethodsData were from two generations (offspring, Generation 1 [G1] and their parents, Generation 0 [G0]) of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort study. Body mass index (BMI) and total fat mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured at mean age 9y, 15y and 18y in G1. Waist circumference was measured at 9y and 15y in G1. Concentrations of 148 cardiometabolic traits quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured at 15y, 18y and 25y in G1. In G0, all three adiposity measures and the same 148 traits were available at 50y.Using linear regression models, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures at each time point (9y, 15y and 18y) with cardiometabolic traits 3 to 6 years later were examined in G1. In G0, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures and cardiometabolic traits were examined cross- sectionally at 50y.Results3081 G1 and 4887 G0 participants contributed to analyses. BMI was more strongly associated with key atherogenic traits in males at younger ages (15y-25y) and associations were more similar between the sexes or stronger in females at 50y, particularly for apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoprotein particles and lipid concentrations. For example, a 1- SD (3.8 kg/m2) higher BMI at 18y was associated with 0.36 SD (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.20, 0.52) higher concentrations of extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles at 25y in males compared with 0.15 SD (95% CI = 0.09, 0.21) in females. In contrast, at 50y, a 1-SD (4.8 kg/m2) higher BMI was associated with 0.33 SD (95% CI = 0.25, 0.42) and 0.30 SD (95% CI = 0.26, 0.33) higher concentrations of extremely large VLDL particles in males and females respectively. Sex-specific associations of DXA-measured fat mass and waist circumference were similar to findings for BMI in both generations and at all ages.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the adverse cardiometabolic effects of adiposity are stronger and begin earlier in the life course among males compared with females until mid life, particularly for key atherogenic lipids. Adolescent and young adult males may therefore be high priority targets for obesity prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference and BMI as indicators of percentage fat mass and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 3–7 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sijtsma ◽  
Gianni Bocca ◽  
Carianne L'Abée ◽  
Eryn T. Liem ◽  
Pieter J.J. Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Changes in incisor relationship over the life course - Findings from a cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103919
Author(s):  
Olliver SJ ◽  
Broadbent JM ◽  
Sabarinath Prasad ◽  
Celene Cai ◽  
W. Murray Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals The Psychological Consequences of Disability over the Life Course: Assessing the Mediating Role of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Namkung ◽  
Deborah Carr
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Interpersonal Discrimination ◽  
The Life Course

We examine whether perceived interpersonal discrimination mediates the association between disability and psychological well-being (depression, negative and positive affect) and how these processes differ across the life course. Data are from two waves (2004–2006; 2013–2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 2,503). Perceived discrimination accounts for 5% to 8% of the association between disability and the three mental health outcomes. Moderated mediation analyses reveal significant age differences; perceived discrimination is a stronger explanatory mechanism among midlife (ages 40–64) relative to older (age 65+) adults. Disability stigma takes a heightened psychological toll at midlife, a life stage when adults are expected to be able-bodied and interact with a diverse social network, which may be a source of interpersonal mistreatment. Among older adults, for whom impairment is expected and common, the psychological impact of disability may operate through other pathways. We discuss implications for research and practice.

Social determinants of systemic inflammation over the life course: a multi-cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Berger ◽  
R Castagné ◽  
M Kivimäki ◽  
V Krogh ◽  
A Steptoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Cut-off points for anthropometric indices of adiposity: differential classification in a large population of young women

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Duggleby ◽  
Alan A. Jackson ◽  
Keith M. Godfrey ◽  
Siân M. Robinson ◽  
Hazel M. Inskip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Fat Mass Index

Anthropometric indices of adiposity include BMI, waist circumference and waist:height ratio. In the recruitment phase of a prospective cohort study carried out between 1998 and 2002 we studied a population sample of 11 786 white Caucasian non-pregnant women in Southampton, UK aged 20–34 years, and explored the extent to which proposed cut-off points for the three indices identified the same or different women and how these indices related to adiposity. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and fat mass was estimated from skinfold thicknesses; fat mass index was calculated as fat mass/height1·65. Of the subjects, 4869 (42 %) women were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 1849 (16 %) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). A total of 890 (8 %) subjects were not overweight but had a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and 748 (6 %) subjects were overweight but had a waist circumference < 80 cm (6 %). Of the women, 50 % had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm or a waist:height ratio ≥ 0·5. Of the variation in fat mass index, 85 % was explained by BMI, 76 % by waist circumference and 75 % by waist:height ratio. Our findings demonstrate that many women are differentially classified depending on which index of adiposity is used. As each index captures different aspects of size in terms of adiposity, there is the need to determine how the three indices relate to function and how they can be of use in defining risk of ill health in women.

Happiness over the Life Course: What Matters Most?

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Clark ◽  
Sarah Flèche ◽  
Richard Layard ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee ◽  
George Ward
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter estimates the five sets of relationships discussed in the previous chapter, using two surveys. It first estimates relationships the first four sets, using the British Cohort Study data (BCS) on children born in 1970. Then the chapter estimates the fifth relationship, using data on the British cohort born mainly in the county of Avon in 1991–1992. These are of course results for Britain, but they are typical of what is found across the advanced world. And though the analysis in the chapter is purely cross-sectional, the chapter also discusses panel estimation at length. At this point, the key lesson is the power of these studies to shed a completely new perspective on human life.

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