Happiness over the Life Course: What Matters Most?

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Clark ◽  
Sarah Flèche ◽  
Richard Layard ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee ◽  
George Ward
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter estimates the five sets of relationships discussed in the previous chapter, using two surveys. It first estimates relationships the first four sets, using the British Cohort Study data (BCS) on children born in 1970. Then the chapter estimates the fifth relationship, using data on the British cohort born mainly in the county of Avon in 1991–1992. These are of course results for Britain, but they are typical of what is found across the advanced world. And though the analysis in the chapter is purely cross-sectional, the chapter also discusses panel estimation at length. At this point, the key lesson is the power of these studies to shed a completely new perspective on human life.

The Life Course and Residential Mobility in British Housing Markets

10.1068/a3542 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A V Clark ◽  
Youqin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

There is a substantial research literature on residential mobility in general, and the role of housing space in triggering moves in particular. The authors extend that research to mobility in British housing markets, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. They confirm the applicability of the general residential mobility model and also confirm the value both of pooled cross-sectional and of true longitudinal models of residential change. Age, tenure, and room stress (housing-space requirements) are found to be significant predictors of moving. In addition, the life course ‘triggers' of marital-status change and, in some situations, birth of a child play important roles in moving within housing markets in the United Kingdom. The same model, with somewhat lower levels of fit, is also significant for the London region. Variables that measure the desire to move and neighborhood satisfaction also play a role in predicting local moves: those who like their neighborhood are generally less likely to move. The results offer support for the view that residential mobility is a demographically driven process which also reflects the connection with neighborhood contexts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: A nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0236132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Sofue ◽  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Eiichiro Kanda ◽  
Hajime Nagasu ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Changes in incisor relationship over the life course - Findings from a cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103919
Author(s):  
Olliver SJ ◽  
Broadbent JM ◽  
Sabarinath Prasad ◽  
Celene Cai ◽  
W. Murray Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
The Life Course

Associations of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein with prevalent and incident coronary heart disease are attenuated by adjustment for confounding factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Smith ◽  
Ann Rumley ◽  
Gordon Lowe ◽  
Shah Ebrahim ◽  
Debbie Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Life Course

SummaryA cross sectional and prospective analysis of 3,745 British women aged 60–79 years at baseline was undertaken. Among these women there were 570 prevalent cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) and 151 new cases among 12,641 person-years of follow up of women who were free of CHD at baseline. Both fibrinogen and CRP were associated with indicators of socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and there was a cumulative effect of socioeconomic position from across the life course. The age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of prevalent CHD for a 1 unit (1 g/L) increase in fibrinogen was 1.29 (1.12, 1.49); with full adjustment for all potential confounding factors this attenuated to 1.09 (0.93, 1.28). The hazards ratio for incident CHD among those free of disease at baseline was 1.28 (1.00, 1.64); with full adjustment for all potential confounding factors this attenuated to 1.09 (0.84, 1.44). Similar effects of adjustment for confounding factors were seen for the associations between CRP and both prevalent and incident CHD. By contrast, the strong positive association between smoking (an established causal risk factor for CHD) and CHD was not attenuated by adjustment for life course socioeconomic position or other risk factors. We conclude that fibrinogen and CRP predict CHD but may not be causally related to it.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Unsecured Debt across the Life Course and Mental Health at Midlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ruining Sun ◽  
Jason N. Houle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
Unsecured Debt ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

In this paper, we contribute to a growing literature on debt and mental health and ask whether patterns of unsecured debt accumulation and repayment over two decades are associated with depressive symptoms at age 50. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort and group trajectory models, we have three key findings. First, we find substantial heterogeneity in debt trajectories across the life course. Second, respondents who report consistently high debt levels across the life course or who cycle in and out of high debt report significantly more depressive symptoms than respondents who hold consistently low levels of debt. These findings hold for both absolute and relative (debt-to-income) debt. Third, we find that the association between debt and depressive symptoms is strongest among respondents with less than a college degree, but we find less evidence for heterogeneity by race in this cohort.

The Importance of School Attendance: Findings From the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development on the Life-Course Effects of Truancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rocque ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Turgut Ozkan ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Childhood Risk Factors ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

School dropout has been extensively studied in the literature as a correlate of negative life outcomes. A precursor to school dropout is truancy, the unexcused or illegitimate student absence from school. Few studies have examined the relationship between truancy and involvement in crime and adjustment more generally over the life-course. This study extends previous work by exploring whether truancy at age 12 to 14 is related to later life outcomes such as crime, aggression, and adjustment using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Results indicate that truancy has long-lasting associations with negative life outcomes, especially for non-violent crime and problem drinking. Importantly, these findings hold for certain outcomes controlling for a comprehensive host of environmental and individual childhood risk factors.

Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932091653
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Lindsey Wilkinson ◽  
Hyeyoung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Time

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little about the social characteristics (race, gender, and social class) of those first labeled in adulthood, how these differ from those first labeled in childhood/adolescence, and whether the ADHD label is applied proportionately across social groups given ADHD symptomology. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current research considers how typifications of ADHD affect application of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood. Results indicate that even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, social characteristics are important predictors of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence but are less influential in predicting ADHD labeling in adulthood. Additionally, results indicate the importance of race in moderating the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and application of the ADHD label throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Intracohort Trends in Ethnic Earnings Gaps: The Role of Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Limor Gabay-Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The Life Course

This study demonstrates that studying ethnic/racial inequality on the basis of cross-sectional data conceals how such inequality might unfold over the life course. Moving beyond a snapshot perspective, we ask, Do Israel’s Jewish ethnic groups differ in their long-term earnings trajectories? Analyzing nearly 20 years of registered earnings data, the authors find that for the same cohort (25- to 32-year-old Jews in 1995), the ethnic earnings gap has widened over these years. This trend, we demonstrate, is explained largely by increasing wage premiums for college degree, even when these premiums are ethnicity blind. That is, ethnic inequality in educational attainment is translated to increasing ethnic earnings inequality over the life course. This pattern cannot be detected in previous research in Israel, which relied on the snapshot perspective on the basis of cross-sectional data. The consequences of these findings for changes in inequality in divided societies are discussed.

Making Sense of Heterogeneity in the Influence of Childhood Abuse, Mental Health, and Drug Use on Women’s Offending Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Broidy ◽  
Jason Payne ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

Building from the developmental and life course literature and the feminist pathways literature, we aim to detail when and how exposure to abuse in childhood shapes female offending trajectories. Using data from 470 female offenders in Australia, our analyses assess whether internalizing symptoms and drug use help explain the link between early abuse and later offending among females. We then examine whether these links are most acute for females who onset early and evidence chronic involvement in offending. In support of the feminist pathways model, we find evidence for a pathway from early abuse to internalizing symptoms to drug use and then offending. In addition, and in line with the life course literature, we also find important differences in how these risks unfold across women, depending particularly on age of onset and offending chronicity. We reflect on the implications of our findings for theory and intervention with respect to female offending.

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