Polymorphisms in the TOLLIP Gene Influence Susceptibility to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Amazonas State of Brazil

The authors discuss in this paper the role of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines in patients infected with different species ofLeishmaniain Amazonas State, Brazil. A comparative analysis was made of serum concentrations of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of 33 patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The isolates were identified asLeishmania guyanensis,L. naiffi, andL. amazonensis. Most (64%) of the patients were male ranging in age from 18 to 58 years. Protein expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 cytokines were shown to vary significantly between infected and noninfected (control group) individuals and according to theLeishmaniaspecies. Infection caused byL. guyanensisaccounted for 73% of the cases and patients with this parasite also showed higher concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 when compared to infection byL. amazonensis. Patients with infection caused byL. naiffishowed higher concentration of the cytokines analyzed when compared to uninfected patients; however, there was no statistically significant difference with the other species analyzed.

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Failure of fluconazole in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon: An open, nonrandomized phase 2 trial

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0006225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. e0006225 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Valeska Albuquerque Francesconi ◽

Fabio Francesconi ◽

Rajendranath Ramasawmy ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero ◽

Maria das Graças Costa Alecrim

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 2 Trial ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis

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New World Leishmaniasis: The Role of Confocal Microscopy in Diagnosis and Follow-up - Tropical Dermatology

Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia ◽

10.29021/spdv.76.4.972 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 445-450

Author(s):

Ana Ortins-Pina ◽

Luís Soares-de-Almeida ◽

Paulo Filipe ◽

André Laureano Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Tropical Dermatology ◽

Real Time Visualization ◽

Clinical Differential Diagnosis ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis ◽

Characteristic Picture ◽

Timely Treatment

Cutaneous leishmaniasis may mimic other infections in overlapping endemic areas and timely treatment prevents dissemination of the parasite. The required histopathological and microbiological examinations are not always available, and can only give a deferred confirmation of the diagnosis. In contrast, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) allows real-time visualization till the level of papillary dermis. A 59-year-old Brazilian male presented with ulcerated plaques and tumors on the extremities. The clinical differential diagnosis included leishmaniasis and other infections with lymphocutaneous pattern of dissemination. RCM showed the characteristic picture of «eggs in a bird’s nest» which has been described in cutaneous leishmaniasis. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was later confirmed by skin biopsy, in which Leishmania guyanensis was identified by parasitological examination. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, reassessment with RCM corroborated the clinical cure, showing an «empty nest» picture. In conclusion, RCM noninvasively provides useful information for diagnosis and follow-up of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1016/0035-9203(81)90178-4 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 757-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wilson Mayrink ◽

Paulo Araújo Magalhães ◽

Maria Norma Melo ◽

Magno Dias ◽

Carlos Alberto da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Amazonas State

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Th1 Cell Development Induced by Cysteine Proteinases A and B in Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania guyanensis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.5.2924-2926.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 2924-2926 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hervé Pascalis ◽

Anne Lavergne ◽

Eliane Bourreau ◽

Ghislaine Prévot-Linguet ◽

Amina Kariminia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Cell Development ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Cysteine Proteinases ◽

Th1 Cell ◽

Low Levels ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis

ABSTRACT The cysteine proteinases CPA and CPB from Leishmania major induced Th1 responses in patients with leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases induced neither interleukin 4 (IL-4) nor IL-13 and low levels of IL-10 in controls and patients. The results suggest that CPs would be quite good candidates for a vaccine against different Leishmania species.

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Th2 Responses Predominate during the Early Phases of Infection in Patients with Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Precede the Development of Th1 Responses

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.4.2244-2246.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 2244-2246 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Eliane Bourreau ◽

Jacques Gardon ◽

Roger Pradinaud ◽

Hervé Pascalis ◽

Ghislaine Prévot-Linguet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Cytokine Expression ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Th2 Responses ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis ◽

Early Phases

ABSTRACT Intralesional Th2 responses preceded the development of Th1 responses in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Although the number of parasites increased in Th2 lesions, no correlation was found between the levels of cytokine expression and the number of parasites. In contrast, the decreased number of parasites in Th1 lesions is negatively correlated to gamma interferon expression.

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Variants of MIRNA146A rs2910164 and MIRNA499 rs3746444 are associated with the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania guyanensis and with plasma chemokine IL-8

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009795 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. e0009795

Author(s):

Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de Mesquita ◽

José do Espírito Santo Junior ◽

Thais Carneiro de Lacerda ◽

Krys Layane Guimarães Duarte Queiroz ◽

Cláudio Marcello da Silveira Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Plasma Cytokines ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis ◽

Necrosis Factor

Leishmania are intracellular protozoan parasites that cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in genetically susceptible individuals with an insufficient or balanced Th1 immune response to eliminate the parasite. MiRNAs play important regulatory role in numerous biological processes including essential cellular functions. miR146-a acts as an inhibitor of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) present in the toll-like receptors pathway while miR499a modulates TGF-β and TNF signalling pathways. Here, we investigated whether MIRNA146A rs2910164 and MIRNA499 rs3746444 variants are associated with the development of L. guyanensis (Lg)-cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The variants MIR146A rs2910164 and MIR499A rs3746444 were assessed in 850 patients with Lg-CL and 891 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma cytokines were measured using the BioPlex assay. Carriers of rs2910164 CC genotype have 30% higher odds of developing CL (ORadjage/sex = 1.3 [95%CI 0.9–1.8]; Padjage/sex 0.14) compared to individuals with the genotype GG (ORadjage/sex = 0.77 [95%CI 0.56–1.0]; Padjage/sex 0.14) if exposed to Lg-infection. Heterozygous GC individuals also showed lower odds of developing CL (ORadjage/sex = 0.77 [95%CI 0.5–1.1]; Padjage/sex 0.09). Homozygosity for the allele C is suggestive of an association with the development of Lg-CL among exposed individuals to Lg-infection. However, the odds of developing CL associated with the CC genotype was evident only in male individuals (ORadjage = 1.3 [95% CI = 0.9–2.0]; Padjage = 0.06). Individuals homozygous for the G allele tend to have higher plasma IL-8 and CCL5. Similarly, for the MIR499A rs3746444, an association with the G allele was only observed among male individuals (OR = 1.4 [1.0–1.9]; P = 0.009). In a dominant model, individuals with the G allele (GG-GA) when compared to the AA genotype reveals that carriers of the G allele have 40% elevated odds of developing Lg-CL (ORadjage = 1.4 [1.1–1.9]). Individuals with the GG genotype have higher odds of developing Lg-CL (ORadjage/sex = 2.0 [95%CI 0.83–5.0]; Padjage = 0.01. Individuals homozygous for the G allele have higher plasma IL-8. Genetic combinations of both variants revealed that male individuals exposed to Lg bearing three or four susceptible alleles have higher odds of developing Lg-CL (OR = 2.3 [95% CI 1.0–4.7]; p = 0.017). Both MIR146A rs2910164 and MIR499A rs3746444 are associated with the development of Lg-CL and this association is prevalent in male individuals.

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Leishmaniasis recidivans in Ethiopia: cutaneous and mucocutaneous features

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Federica Dassoni ◽

Frehiwot Daba ◽

Bernard Naafs ◽

Aldo Morrone

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

New World ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Leishmania Tropica ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Leishmania Aethiopica ◽

Mucosal Involvement ◽

Leishmania Panamensis ◽

First Time ◽

Leishmania Guyanensis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Ethiopia. An unusual clinical form of this disease is leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), a prolonged, relapsing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling tuberculosis of the skin that may persist for many years with a chronic and relapsing course. This rare variant has been shown to be caused by Leishmania tropica species in the Old World and by Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania panamensis, and Leishmania guyanensis in the New World, as reported in various studies. To our knowledge, there are no reports from Ethiopia, and mucocutaneous involvement of LR has not been described to date. This was a retrospective analysis of the patients seen at the Italian Dermatological Center in Mekelle on the Tigrean highlands over a three-year period (2008–2011). Seven patients with typical clinical features of LR were seen. Two of them presented with signs of mucosal involvement. To date, Leishmania aethiopica is shown to be the only species causing CL that is endemic in the Ethiopian highlands. Therefore, it had to be assumed that the lesions in these patients were caused by this species. The aims of this communication are to report, for the first time, the presence of LR, most likely due to Leishmania aethiopica, in Ethiopia, and to report mucosal involvement in this rare clinical form of CL.

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