scholarly journals Temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of leprosy: A new challenge for leprosy prevention and control in Zhejiang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008956
Author(s):  
Limei Wu ◽  
Yunliang Shen ◽  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Xudong Sang ◽  
Lijuan Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Leprosy Control

Background After the elimination of leprosy in 1995, there were 10–30 newly detected leprosy cases every year in Zhejiang Province, and the epidemiological characteristics of the newly detected leprosy cases have changed. While most of the newly detected cases came from other provinces in China, not Zhejiang, it brought a new challenge for leprosy prevention and control in post- elimination era in Zhejiang, China. This study was aimed to understand the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of newly detected leprosy cases, and provide the scientific rationales for the development of leprosy control strategy. Methods Data on the demographic of Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2019 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemiological data on leprosy cases newly detected in Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2019 were obtained from the LEPROSY MANAGEMANT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA (LEPMIS), and temporal-spatial distributions were described. The geographic information system software—ArcGIS 10.4 was used to draw the statistical maps, and Geoda 1.14.0 was used for local spatial autocorrelation analysis (local Getis coefficient method). Ridley-Jopling classification was used to classify the clinical types into I, TT, BT, BB, BL or LL. Two-group classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used and cases were classified into multibacillary (MB) type or paucibacillary (PB) type. Results A total of 167 leprosy cases were reported in Zhejiang Province during 2011–2019, including 107 cases in males and 60 in females. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.99±14.81 years, and 94.01% of the cases were detected through the examination at skin-clinics. The number of workers, MB cases, G2D cases were 81 (48.50%), 159 (94.01%), 24 (14.37%) respectively, and the rate of early detection increased from 45.16% in 2011 to 90.91% in 2019. Leprosy cases were reported in all the prefectures of Zhejiang except Zhoushan City. The cases in local population accounted for 23.35% (39 cases), and the cases in floating population (especially coming from high epidemic provinces in China) accounted for 76.65% (128 cases). The annual number of newly detected cases showed a decreasing trend, from 31 cases in 2011 to 11 in 2019. Time of the floating population living in Zhejiang Province ranged from several months to more than 10 years. The annual proportion of new cases with G2D declined from 22.58% in 2011 to 9.09% in 2019. The results of local indicators of autocorrelation (LISA) analysis showed that the high-high areas were mainly concentrated in the middle and northeast of Zhejiang Province, while the low-low areas were in the east and southwest. Conclusion A few scattered cases still can be seen in post-elimination era, and there was a spatial clustering of the newly detected leprosy cases in Zhejiang Province. Most of the cases in Zhejiang Province were from other high epidemic provinces in China, which brought a new challenge for leprosy control and prevention in post- elimination era in Zhejiang, and it is also necessary to strengthen the early detection and standard management of the leprosy cases in floating population in Zhejiang.

scholarly journals Study on Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cultural and Creative Industries in Zhejiang Province

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Di Lv, Yue Qin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries

The agglomeration of cultural and creative industries has developed into a remarkable trend under economic internationalization. In this paper, literature review and research status of cultural and creative industries are firstly conducted. The spatial distribution characteristics of cultural and creative industries in Zhejiang province are analyzed by using location entropy and data from 2012 to 2017. The conclusion shows that the cultural and creative industries in Zhejiang province present a spatial clustering trend, but different cities have different development levels. This paper constructs the indicator system of influencing factors and analyzes its influencing factors by means of grey correlation. It shows that economic factors have the greatest influence on the agglomeration of cultural and creative industries, followed by technological, resource and market factors. The development and agglomeration of the cultural and creative industry in Zhejiang province depends on the development of industry, theapplicationandmanagementofinformationtechnology and the lack of creative talents is the obstacle to its development. Therefore, education should be developed, mass innovation should be encouraged, and a good market environment should be created for the cultural and creative industry.

scholarly journals Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Human Echinococcosis at the Township Level in Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Wen-jie Yu ◽  
Guang-jia Zhang ◽  
Sha Liao ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Trend Surface Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spatial Distribution Map ◽  
Human Echinococcosis

Abstract BackgroundEchinococcosis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus, which affects both humans and animals. In China, this disease is highly endemic in Sichuan Province. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan province, so as to provide a reference for the development of precise prevention and control strategies in the future.MethodsWe explored the prevalence of echinococcosis using the B-ultrasonography diagnostic method in Sichuan province between 2016 and 2019, where patients and transmission conditions had been identified in the past. All data were inputted using Epi-Info software, while SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. We then employed ArcGIS software to draw the spatial distribution map and perform trend surface analysis. Finally, Geoda software was used to analyze spatial autocorrelation and draw Lisa clustering map.ResultsA total of 2 542 135 people from 649 towns in 35 counties of Sichuan province were screened for echinococcosis, of which 11 743 echinococcosis patients were detected. The prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was 0.462%, among which the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis [CE] was 0.221%, while that of alveolar echinococcosis [AE] was 0.244%. We also observed that the predominance of echinococcosis in humans decreased gradually from west to east and from north to south based on the results of the spatial distribution map and trend surface analysis. The Global Moran's I index was 0.77 (Z = 32.07, P < 0.05), which indicated that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was spatially clustered, exhibiting a significant spatial positive correlation. Further, the findings of local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the “high-high” concentration areas were primarily located in some townships in the northwest of Sichuan province. On the other hand, the “low-low” concentration areas were predominantly located in some townships in the southeast of Sichuan province. ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans of Sichuan province is following a downward trend, implying that the current prevention and control work has achieved some substantial outcomes. However, the prevalence in humans at the township level is widely distributed and differs greatly, with a clear clustering in space. Therefore in the future, precise prevention and control strategies should be formulated for clusters, particularly strengthening the “high-high” clusters at the township level.

scholarly journals The state of the leprosy epidemic in Yunnan, China 2011–2020: A spatial and spatiotemporal analysis, highlighting areas for intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009783
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Tie-Jun Shui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background Despite public health efforts to reduce the leprosy burden in Yunnan, China, leprosy remains an important public health problem in some specific areas. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of leprosy in Yunnan, China, and provide data to guide disease prevention and control efforts. Methodology/principal findings The surveillance data of newly detected leprosy cases in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 were extracted from the LEPROSY MANAGEMANT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CHINA (LEPMIS), and spatial distribution analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatiotemporal scanning were performed with ArcGIS 10.6.1, GeoDa 1.8.8, and SaTScan 9.4.3 software, respectively. A total of 1907 newly detected leprosy cases were reported in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020. The new case detection rate (NCDR) decreased from 0.62 in 2011 to 0.25 in 2020, with an annual incidence of 0.41/100,000 population. The proportions of multibacillary (MB) cases, cases in female patients, cases causing grade 2 physical disability (G2D), and cases in pediatric patients were 67.07%, 33.93%, 17.99%, and 2.83%, respectively. The number of counties with an incidence above 1/100,000 population decreased from 30 in 2011 to 8 in 2020. The Moran’s I of leprosy in Yunnan, China, during 2011–2020 ranged from 0.076 to 0.260, indicating the presence of spatial clusters. Local spatial autocorrelation (LSA) analysis showed that high-high cluster areas (hot spots) were mainly distributed in the southeastern, northern, and northwestern regions. Spatiotemporal scanning showed three clusters with high NCDRs. The probably primary clusters, occurring during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2015, covered 11 counties in the southeastern region (RR = 5.046515, LRR = 271.749664, P = 0.000). Conclusion The number of leprosy cases in Yunnan decreased overall, although some high-NCDR regions remained. Geographic information system (GIS) analysis coupled with spatial analysis indicated regions with leprosy clusters. Continuous leprosy prevention and control strategies in Yunnan Province should be established, and interventions in high-risk regions should be prioritized and further strengthened.

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