scholarly journals Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009717
Author(s):  
Carolina Rosadas ◽  
Maria Luiza B. Menezes ◽  
Bernardo Galvão-Castro ◽  
Tatiane Assone ◽  
Angélica E. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Human T Cell

Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) are relatively common in Brazil but remain silent and neglected infections. HTLV-1 is associated with a range of diseases with high morbidity and mortality. There is no curative treatment for this lifelong infection, so measures to prevent transmission are essential. This narrative review discusses HTLV-1/2 transmission routes and measures to prevent its continuous dissemination. The public health policies that are currently implemented in Brazil to avoid HTLV-1/2 transmission are addressed, and further strategies are proposed.

Análise das políticas públicas de saúde do idoso: estudo de revisão de literatura

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal Camacho ◽  
Maria José Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the public health policies of the elderly in the references of the main databases from 2004 to 2008. Method: study of systematic review of literature conducted on databases of the Library of Health, in September 2008. For information analysis was organized the content found on the year, publication type and methods/techniques, content and essence of the production of knowledge, database, the authors' recommendations. Results: the references that were analyzed 26 and 10 in the database SCIELO, one in the BDENF and 15 in the LILACS. Conclusion: we observed an increase in publications dealing with professionals in health operationalized the public health policies of the elderly as the main recommendations bringing the development of public policies that take into account the specifics of the elderly, facilitating their access and that could reduce inequality. Mention the importance of visibility of the aging process and adequacy of public policies aimed at expansion of the strategies that have the caregiver as the leading subject. Descriptors: health public policy; aged; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar as políticas públicas de saúde do idoso nas referências das principais bases de dados de 2004 a 2008. Método: estudo de revisão de literatura sistemática realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, em setembro de 2008. Para análise das informações foi realizada a organização do conteúdo encontrado quanto ao ano, tipo de publicação e métodos/técnicas, essência do conteúdo e produção do conhecimento, base de dados, recomendações dos autores. Resultados: as referências analisadas foram 26 sendo 10 na base de dados SCIELO, uma na BDENF e 15 na LILACS. Conclusão: Verificamos um aumento de publicações que tratam de profissionais na área da saúde operacionalizando as políticas públicas de saúde do idoso trazendo como principais recomendações o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que levem em conta as especificidades do idoso, facilitando o seu acesso e que possam reduzir desigualdades. Referem a relevância da visibilidade do processo de envelhecimento e adequação das políticas públicas visando à ampliação de estratégias que tenham o cuidador como sujeito principal. Descritores: políticas públicas de saúde; idoso; enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar las políticas de salud pública a los ancianos en las referencias de las principales bases de datos de 2004 a 2008. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática de literatura sobre las bases de datos de la Biblioteca de la Salud, en setiembre de 2008. Resultados: las referencias que se analizaron fueron 26, tenendo 10 en la base de datos SCIELO, 01 referencia en la BDENF y 15 en el LILACS. Conclusión: se observó un aumento de publicaciones relacionadas a los profesionales de la salud en la práctica las políticas de salud pública de los ancianos con principales recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo de políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta las características específicas de los ancianos, facilitando su acceso y que podrían reducir la desigualdad. Mencionan la importancia de la visibilidad del proceso de envejecimiento y la adecuación de las políticas públicas con la ampliación de estrategias que tienen el cuidador como principal sujeto. Descriptores: políticas públicas de salud; ancianos; enfermería.

scholarly journals Human Rights in a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-252
Author(s):  
A. Zhebit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
The Face

The article is focused on the problem of human rights (HRs), limited or derogated from, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. While addressing some HRs limitations, derogations and even abuses, and their consequent problems, the aim is to try to analyze policy, social, moral and personal dilemmas of HRs restrictions as well as motivations behind the types of public and social behavior, in the course of the pandemic, in response to the public measures of sanitation, social distancing and confinement, travel restrictions and social assistance, recommended by the WHO and selectively followed by governments. Learning from some old experience and deriving new lessons from the pandemic, as well as from public and social actions and reactions, the purpose of the present article is to assess whether or not public health policies in this context, implemented nationally or internationally, can promote change in the HRs paradigm in the face of the existing dilemmas and dichotomies in HRs, aggravated by the pandemic. The conclusion is that the extant HRs paradigm should be redefined to address better the political, social, economic, environmental and, especially, existential exigencies of “rainy times”, thus leading to the creation of a new universal HRs code or to harmonizing the existing one.

scholarly journals Public Health Policies and Global COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Komaroff ◽  
A A Belhouchet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Was the world prepared to face the pandemic with a standard strategy? Objectives To evaluate the association between public health interventions against the COVID-19 outbreak and the outcome. Methods The observational study included data on incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases (outcome) and public health non-pharmaceutical interventions (exposure) from five countries: France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and the USA, December 31, 2019 through April 12, 2020. The public health measures were grouped into five categories: lockdown, movement restrictions, public health measures, social (including social distancing) and economic measures, and use of facial mask. The multiple linear regressions were utilized to test the hypothesis that implementation of some public health measures was associated with the change in the incident number of COVID-19 cases, 2-sided, α = 0.05. Results The incidence of COVID-19 would be significantly greater without lockdown (1.89 times, p-value <.0001), public health and economic measures (25.17, p-value <.0001), and using masks (11.93, p-value=0.002), assuming that all other public health policies are the same. The effectiveness increases with earlier time of implementation. Among considered countries, South Korea was the most efficacious, where all measures were statistically significantly efficacious (p-value <0.05). Conclusions The findings demonstrate an association between public health measures and the outcome. The experience from South Korea should be studied further as the most effective non-pharmacological approach to fight the disease. This paper is the first step to develop the standardized approach utilizing the public health interventions to be applied effectively to the globe population. Key messages the most effective measures to control the COVID-19, and future outbreaks. The effect of particular measure varied by country and time of implementation.

scholarly journals PERCORRENDO OS CAMINHOS DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE SAÚDE E DO MEIO AMBIENTE

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Débora Aparecida da Silva Santos ◽  
Pedro Vieira De Azevedo ◽  
Jullianna Vitorio Vieira De Azevedo ◽  
Telma Lúcia Bezerra Alves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Public

O presente estudo propõe uma análise do caminho percorrido na relação entre as políticas públicas de saúde e do meio ambiente em um contexto amplo, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. A aproximação da temática ambiental com o movimento de promoção da saúde permite a ampliação na compreensão do processo saúde-doença. Essa proposta seleciona a integração entre os setores como condição para o estabelecimento e a execução de políticas públicas como maneira de garantir melhores condições socioambientais. Desta maneira, é indispensável uma discussão ampla da importância dos diversos atores sociais relacionados à saúde e ao meio ambiente, entendendo que a ação interdisciplinar através do reconhecimento das políticas públicas melhora a qualidade de vida da população e, consequentemente, contribui para uma sociedade mais equilibrada ecologicamente. Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas, Saúde, Meio ambiente, Saúde ambiental.TRAVERSING THE WAYS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC POLICIES Abstract: This study presents an analysis of the path taken in the relation between public health policies and the environment in a broader context, through a literature review on the topic. The approach of environmental issues with the health promotion movement allows a broader understanding of the health-disease process. This proposal selects the integration across sectors as a condition for the establishment and implementation of public policies as a way to ensure better environmental conditions. In this way, a broad discussion of the importance of various social actors related to health and the environment is essential, understanding that an interdisciplinary action by recognizing the public policies improves people's quality of life and, consequently, contributes to a more balanced society ecologically. Key words: Public policies, Health, Environment, Environmental health.

Agents of Bioterrorism

2012 ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
Mark P. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
The Cost

Biological agents suitable for use as bioweapons can in many cases be produced and developed in small facilities at relatively modest expense. The human devastation that could be caused by certain biologic agents can rival that of a nuclear device at a small fraction of the cost. Organisms and biotoxins are colorless, odorless, and invisible and have potential for dissemination over a large geographic area. Attacks are difficult to detect before presentation of initial clinical cases. They have the potential to cause high morbidity and mortality, incite panic (creating additional “psychological casualties”). Person-to-person transmission is possible and illness is often difficult to diagnose or treat. The incubation period usually allows escape of the perpetrator. Morbidity and mortality are unpredictable because they vary with agent delivery, environmental conditions, and the public health response. Specific bioterrorism agents and their effects are reviewed.

Representações sociais das práticas alimentares entre adolescentes grávidas de uma comunidade em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gorete Lucena de Vasconcelos ◽  
Sheyla Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo ◽  
Cleide Maria Pontes ◽  
Inez Maria Tenório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Saturation

ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the social representation of teenagers pregnant on the feeding practices during pregnancy in a community from Recife city, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methodology: qualitative study whose population will be adolescents pregnant. The sampling is intended by the criterion of homogeneity wide. The clipping will be defined by empirical data saturation. As instruments for data collection will be used: a script of interview with closed questions, a script of interview with guiding questions and the use of photographs. Analyzes the data based on social representation, a social and cultural perspective. Results expected: expect it will get data on the knowledge of the magnitude of the problems in eating habits of adolescents during pregnancy subsidizing the public health policies, minimizing adverse effects on health and adolescent's health. Descriptors: adolescents; pregnancy; eating habits.RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a representação social de adolescentes grávidas sobre as práticas  alimentares durante a gravidez  em uma comunidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo cuja população será de adolescentes grávidas. A amostragem será intencional pelo critério de homogeneidade ampla. O recorte empírico será definido pela saturação dos dados. Como instrumentos para coleta de dados serão utilizados: um roteiro de entrevista com questões fechadas, um roteiro de entrevista contendo questões norteadoras e o uso de fotografias.  Analisaremos os dados à luz da representação social, numa perspectiva cultural e social. Resultados esperados: esperar-se-á, obter dados sobre o conhecimento da magnitude dos problemas dos hábitos alimentares das adolescentes durante a gravidez subsidiando as políticas públicas de saúde, minimizando efeitos adversos sobre a saúde da adolescente e do concepto. Descritores: adolescente; gravidez; hábitos alimentares.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la representación social de las adolescentes embarazadas en las prácticas de alimentación durante el embarazo en una comunidad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Metodología: estudio cualitativo cuya población és de las adolescentes embarazadas. El muestreo es por el criterio de homogeneidad. El corte será definido por la saturación de los datos empíricos. Como instrumentos para la recogida de datos se utilizarán: un guión de entrevista con preguntas cerradas, un guión de entrevista con preguntas y orientar el uso de fotografías. Analiza los datos la luz de la representación social, una perspectiva social y cultural. Resultados: se esperan obtener datos sobre el conocimiento de la magnitud de los problemas en los hábitos alimenticios de las adolescentes durante el embarazo subsidiar la políticas de salud pública, minimizando los efectos adversos sobre la salud y la salud de los adolescentes. Descriptores: adolescência; embarazo; hábitos de alimentación.

scholarly journals Access to Pharmaceutical Patents in the COVID-19 Emergency: A Case for Government Use in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Adebambo Adewopo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patents ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rights Issues

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has continued to exert enormous pressure on public health policies and systems, with far-reaching implications. The race for vaccines has raised important intellectual property rights issues. These are evident in the need to advance the public interest and in the obligation of governments to address the challenge of access to vaccines, especially in sub-Saharan countries like Nigeria with relatively underdeveloped healthcare and innovation ecosystems. While the Nigerian Patents and Designs Act (PDA) establishes a compulsory licence regime that affords access to patented drugs, existing public healthcare is severely challenged in providing access to new medicines. This article examines the framework for patent protection of pharmaceuticals designed to meet public health challenges, such as those presented by the pandemic. It recommends the implementation of a government use provision under the PDA, with a view to addressing the challenge of access to COVID-19 vaccines.

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