scholarly journals Estimating Gene Flow between Refuges and Crops: A Case Study of the Biological Control of Eriosoma lanigerum by Aphelinus mali in Apple Orchards

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e26694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blas Lavandero ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
Pierre Franck ◽  
Angela Mendez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Aphelinus Mali

scholarly journals Comparison of the toxicity and repellency of two conventional neonicotinoids and a coconut-derived insecticide soap toward the parasitoid wasp Aphelinus mali Haldeman, 1851

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Asgar EBADOLLAHI ◽  
Reza SADEGHI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
The World ◽  
Filter Papers

<p><strong></strong>The parasitoid wasp <em>Aphelinus mali</em>,Haldeman, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is the most important biological control agent against the woolly apple aphid,<em> Eriosoma lanigerum</em> (Hausemann, 1802) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is an important apple orchards pest throughout the world. Based on the importance of using low-risk compounds to protect beneficial agents, the present study was carried out to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects of two conventional chemicals (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) and coconut-derived biopesticide soap (Palizin<sup>Ò</sup>) toward <em>A. mali</em>. The results of residual bioassays on apple leaf discs indicated that imidacloprid after 24 h and insecticide soap after 72 h exposure time categorized at the highest and no/little toxicity rates, respectively. Ingestion bioassays on filter papers revealed that imidacloprid and thiacloprid had moderate toxicity rate, while insecticide soap had a low-level toxicity rate. Repellency test at Y-tube olfactometer showed that the repellent effects of both chemicals were more than that of insecticide soap. It is concluded that coconut-derived soap was compatible with the parasitoid activity, and the caution should be paid when including the two neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiacloprid for <em>E. lanigerum</em> management.</p>

scholarly journals Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus mali the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
N. Sharma ◽  
D.C. Stretton ◽  
J.T.S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Aphelinus Mali

The parasitoid Aphelinus mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards The effects of seven pesticides on A mali exposed to residues on filter paper were assessed in a laboratory bioassay immediately postapplication Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic but other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A mali Another bioassay incorporating field application and exposure to aged residues on leaves determined the toxicity of carbaryl diazinon indoxacarb and lime sulphur Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A mali on harvested leaves causing 85 mortality 21 days after application declining to 40 by 28 days In contrast diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application while indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards

scholarly journals Parasitism on Eriosoma lanigerum (Homoptera: Aphididae) by Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on apple orchards, in Fraiburgo county, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bittencourt Monteiro ◽  
Alexander Souza ◽  
Edson Luiz Belli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
One Year

The parasitism of the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) by Aphelinus mali (Hald.) was evaluated in apple orchards cultivated with the varieties Gala and Fuji in Fraiburgo County, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Colonies of the woolly apple aphid were evaluated during one year on 16 apple trees of each variety, starting in August 1999. The number of aphids at the mummy stage or presenting the orifice of the parasitoid emergence was recorded. Results have shown that A. mali parasitized more than 50% of the woolly apple aphids and occurred during the four seasons. It was concluded that that under these conditions no chemical control against the aphid is necessary for the apple varieties Gala and Fuji.

scholarly journals Use of Predators for the Biological control of Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphids) on apple

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Nepal ◽  
Bikal Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Source Of Information

Due to increase demand of organic products, biological control methods have gained interest all over the world. Eriosoma lanigerum, commonly known as Wooly apple aphid, is a serious pest of apple. The negative impacts of pesticides on environment and human life make Biological control an important model in the control of the Wooly apple aphid. Some of the biological control agents that have been used in the control of this pest are predators, parasitoids, nectar of flowers etc. The role of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali in the biological control of wooly aphid has been studied by many researchers and found that use of parasitoids Aphelinus mali is not effective when they attack WAA solely in apple orchards. However, efficiency of use of Aphelinus mali in control of WAA is higher when these parasitoids are used along with natural predators (Gontijo, 2011).In recent days, there has been increasing use of predators for the control of aphids. This review focuses on some of the mostly used predators like syrphids, lacewings, earwigs etc. and their role in WAA management. This review focuses on the feeding habits of predators used as biocontrol agents against WAA as well as the occurrence time of these predators before their integration in management practices. Also; this review provides insight into the integration of predators along with other natural enemies for productive control of WAA. This review can be source of information for producers, as well as researchers who are focusing on organic production of apples and integrated wooly aphid management.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 410-414

Some aspects of insecticidal and biological control of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.) in Rhodesia

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Foliage Spray

In insecticide trials in 1962–63 in Rhodesia against woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.), no appreciable control was achieved by applying ½ fluid oz. of a 40 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate per tree at 2- to 3-week intervals for 16 weeks in any of the following ways: painted directly on the lower trunk; absorbed in a cotton-wool band applied to the trunk, after being diluted 1:3 in water; applied to a furrow around the stem after being diluted in four gallons of water; injected into the soil with a nematicide injector after being diluted 1:4 in water.A foliage spray of DDT (0·195% active ingredient) had a gradual controlling effect on the aphid and caused no upsurge such as might have occurred had the parasitic activities of Aphelinus mali (Hald.) been suppressed.Activity of the ant Pheidole megacephala (F.) was immediately halted on trees sprayed with DDT and was suppressed on trees the trunks of which were painted with dimethoate and on those banded with a dimethoate-soaked barrier.Over a fourteen-month period, the numbers of living aphid colonies fluctuated before decreasing at the same time as the activity of A. mali intensified.

scholarly journals Flower strips increase the control of rosy apple aphids after parasitoid releases in an apple orchard

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Tougeron ◽  
Louise Ferrais ◽  
Pauline Gardin ◽  
Marc Lateur ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ephedrus Cerasicola

Mass releases of two parasitoid species, Aphidius matricariae and Ephedrus cerasicola, may provide an alternative measure to pesticides to control the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in organic apple orchards. As a proof of concept study, we tested if the presence of flower strips between apple tree rows could improve the action of three early parasitoid releases—and of other naturally present aphid enemies—on the control of aphid colonies and number of aphids per tree. Apple trees located at different distances from parasitoid release points were monitored in plots with and without flower strips in an organic apple orchard over two years, along the season of aphid infestation (March to July). Our case study demonstrated that the presence of flowering plant mixes in the alleyways of an apple orchard improved the biological control of D. plantaginea, with an effect size of 33.4% less aphids in plots with flower strips, compared to plots without flower strips, at the infestation peak date. We also showed a negative effect of higher distance to parasitoid release points on aphid control, but our results at the infestation peak date suggest that the presence of flowers could marginally compensate for the detrimental effect of distance, probably by improving the persistence and dispersal capacities of natural enemies. Despite high variations in aphid population dynamics between years, we conclude that combining flower strips with early parasitoid releases in apple orchards is promising for biological control of the rosy apple aphid, although the method merits to be further refined and repeated in more orchards.

scholarly journals Earlyseason use of insecticides for management of woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) in Nelson apple orchards

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Aphelinus Mali

A spray strategy to control woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum WAA) was assessed on apple orchards in Nelson Carbaryl applied for fruit thinning was either sprayed alone or combined with diazinon on Braeburn apples at four orchard sites infested with WAA The diazinon plus carbaryl treatment reduced WAA levels and there were lower numbers of WAAinfested shoots with considerably fewer colonies on branches and shoots in November Numbers of WAA colonies on shoots in January were 50 lower overall in the diazinon plus carbaryl treatment There was an initial decline in numbers of the WAA parasitoid Aphelinus mali in both treatments but they increased steadily during the season and high levels of parasitism were evident by harvest The parasitoid was able to suppress the lower populations of WAA in the diazinon plus carbaryl treatment and this resulted in significantly lower levels of WAA shoot and fruit infestation and bud damage in late March

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