scholarly journals Use of Predators for the Biological control of Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphids) on apple

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Nepal ◽  
Bikal Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Source Of Information

Due to increase demand of organic products, biological control methods have gained interest all over the world. Eriosoma lanigerum, commonly known as Wooly apple aphid, is a serious pest of apple. The negative impacts of pesticides on environment and human life make Biological control an important model in the control of the Wooly apple aphid. Some of the biological control agents that have been used in the control of this pest are predators, parasitoids, nectar of flowers etc. The role of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali in the biological control of wooly aphid has been studied by many researchers and found that use of parasitoids Aphelinus mali is not effective when they attack WAA solely in apple orchards. However, efficiency of use of Aphelinus mali in control of WAA is higher when these parasitoids are used along with natural predators (Gontijo, 2011).In recent days, there has been increasing use of predators for the control of aphids. This review focuses on some of the mostly used predators like syrphids, lacewings, earwigs etc. and their role in WAA management. This review focuses on the feeding habits of predators used as biocontrol agents against WAA as well as the occurrence time of these predators before their integration in management practices. Also; this review provides insight into the integration of predators along with other natural enemies for productive control of WAA. This review can be source of information for producers, as well as researchers who are focusing on organic production of apples and integrated wooly aphid management.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 410-414

scholarly journals Considered Factors of Online News Based on Respondents’ Eye Activity Using Eye-Tracker Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Daniel Hadrian Yohandy ◽  
Djoko Budiyanto Setyohadi ◽  
Albertus Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Online News ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Online News Sites ◽  
Source Of Information

Development of the internet as a source of information has penetrated many aspects of human life, which is shown in the increasingly diverse substance of news in online news sources. Previous studies have stated that the presentation of the substance of online news information can have negative impacts, especially the emergence of anxiety in users; thus, managing the presentation of information becomes important. This study intends to explore factors that should be considered as possible anxiety-inducers for readers of news sites. Analyses of areas of interest (AOIs), fixation, and heat maps from respondents’ eye activity obtained from eye-tracker data have been compiled with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measurement results to analyze anxiety among newsreaders. The results show that text is the dominant center of attention in various types of news. The reason for the higher anxiety that arises from text on online news sites is twofold. First, there are the respondents’ experiences. Second, text usage allows for boundless possibilities in respondents’ imaginations as a response to the news that has occurred.

scholarly journals Comparison of the toxicity and repellency of two conventional neonicotinoids and a coconut-derived insecticide soap toward the parasitoid wasp Aphelinus mali Haldeman, 1851

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Asgar EBADOLLAHI ◽  
Reza SADEGHI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
The World ◽  
Filter Papers

<p><strong></strong>The parasitoid wasp <em>Aphelinus mali</em>,Haldeman, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is the most important biological control agent against the woolly apple aphid,<em> Eriosoma lanigerum</em> (Hausemann, 1802) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is an important apple orchards pest throughout the world. Based on the importance of using low-risk compounds to protect beneficial agents, the present study was carried out to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects of two conventional chemicals (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) and coconut-derived biopesticide soap (Palizin<sup>Ò</sup>) toward <em>A. mali</em>. The results of residual bioassays on apple leaf discs indicated that imidacloprid after 24 h and insecticide soap after 72 h exposure time categorized at the highest and no/little toxicity rates, respectively. Ingestion bioassays on filter papers revealed that imidacloprid and thiacloprid had moderate toxicity rate, while insecticide soap had a low-level toxicity rate. Repellency test at Y-tube olfactometer showed that the repellent effects of both chemicals were more than that of insecticide soap. It is concluded that coconut-derived soap was compatible with the parasitoid activity, and the caution should be paid when including the two neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiacloprid for <em>E. lanigerum</em> management.</p>

KAJIAN HUKUM AKTIVITAS KEPEMUDAAN DAN KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL DI KOTA SAMARINDA” “Legal Studies Youth Activities and Social Life in Samarinda

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Youth Activities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Policies And Programs

Very important role of youth in the development process is ongoing because the youth is a segment that has great energy and innovation high that can be utilized as much as possible. Exclusion of youth in the development process will only lead to negative impacts that will hinder the development process. Necessary strategies are carried out systematically to address the complexity of youth problems both in terms of positive and negative. Increased youth participation in all aspects of human life and attention as well as engage youth in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all policies and programs in various fields of life and the development of a strategy for the attention and experience on youth issues as an integral dimension. Some important things that underlie the study of youth which are the aspirations of young people should be no one noticed, the opportunity for young people to take greater responsibility, capacity building and empowering youth and active participation of youth in all stages of program design, implementation and evaluation.

Some aspects of insecticidal and biological control of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.) in Rhodesia

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Foliage Spray

In insecticide trials in 1962–63 in Rhodesia against woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.), no appreciable control was achieved by applying ½ fluid oz. of a 40 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate per tree at 2- to 3-week intervals for 16 weeks in any of the following ways: painted directly on the lower trunk; absorbed in a cotton-wool band applied to the trunk, after being diluted 1:3 in water; applied to a furrow around the stem after being diluted in four gallons of water; injected into the soil with a nematicide injector after being diluted 1:4 in water.A foliage spray of DDT (0·195% active ingredient) had a gradual controlling effect on the aphid and caused no upsurge such as might have occurred had the parasitic activities of Aphelinus mali (Hald.) been suppressed.Activity of the ant Pheidole megacephala (F.) was immediately halted on trees sprayed with DDT and was suppressed on trees the trunks of which were painted with dimethoate and on those banded with a dimethoate-soaked barrier.Over a fourteen-month period, the numbers of living aphid colonies fluctuated before decreasing at the same time as the activity of A. mali intensified.

Separation of three common hover fly predators of woolly apple aphid based on the exochorionic sculpturing of eggs

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent D. Short ◽  
J. Christopher Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Aphid Populations

The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a cosmopolitan, indirect pest of cultivated apple, Malus domestica (Borkh.) (Rosaceae), (Baker 1915) that can colonize both the roots and arboreal portions of trees and adversely affect the growth, vigor, and productivity of the host (Weber and Brown 1988; Brown and Schmitt 1990; Brown et al. 1991, 1995). Historically, the solitary endoparasitoid Aphelinus mali (Haldeman, 1851) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been considered the most important biological control agent for E. lanigerum in many, but not all, apple-growing regions (Yothers 1953; Nicholas 2000). The role of arthropod predators in regulating woolly apple aphid populations, particularly early in the growing season, has long been recognized (Dumbleton and Jeffreys 1938; Bodenheimer 1947; Nicholas 2000; Mols and Boers 2001) but has not been adequately addressed (Asante 1997).

The influence of organic transition systems on beneficial ground-dwelling arthropods and predation of insects and weed seeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Lundgren ◽  
John T. Shaw ◽  
Edmond R. Zaborski ◽  
Catherine E. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Weed Seeds

AbstractThe influence of farm management practices on ground-dwelling natural enemy communities and predation of insects and weed seeds was investigated over the first 2 years of the transition from conventional to organic production. Three transition strategies were selected that differed in their management and input intensities, and were characteristic of pasture/ley systems (low intensity), cash grain systems (intermediate intensity), and vegetable production (high intensity). Beneficial arthropods (insectivores and granivores) were monitored using pitfall (arthropod activity) and quadrat (arthropod density) samples. The frequency of predation on restrained larvae ofGalleria mellonellaand the species observed feeding were recorded. Weekly removal rates of weed seeds representative of abundant species at our site were monitored over a 3-week period during fall. Management intensity affected the activity and abundance of biological control agents. In year two of the transition, biological control agent densities were higher in the low-intensity treatment than in the other two treatments, but activity of insectivores and granivores was reduced in this treatment relative to the higher intensity systems. The patterns in the abundances of biological control agents may be explained by habitat stability within the different cropping systems. Quadrat samples were strongly correlated with the insectivory index, although pitfall samples were not. Insectivory rates were highest (>80% ofG. mellonellalarvae) in the low-intensity treatment. Predation patterns over a 17-h period differed substantially among the management treatments, indicating behaviorally distinct insectivore communities. Seed removal was also highest in the low-intensity treatment. We conclude that low-intensity cropping systems are most favorable to the abundance and function of beneficial ground-dwelling arthropod communities (insectivores and granivores) during the transition process.

scholarly journals Estimating Gene Flow between Refuges and Crops: A Case Study of the Biological Control of Eriosoma lanigerum by Aphelinus mali in Apple Orchards

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e26694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blas Lavandero ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
Pierre Franck ◽  
Angela Mendez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Aphelinus Mali

Managing Landscape Irrigation to Avoid Soil and Nutrient Losses

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Laurie Trenholm ◽  
Don Rainey ◽  
Esen Momol ◽  
Claire Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
County Agents ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil And Water

Proper irrigation management is critical to conserve and protect water resources and to properly manage nutrients in the home landscape. How lawns and landscapes are irrigated directly impacts the natural environment, so landscape maintenance professionals and homeowners must adopt environmentally-friendly approaches to irrigation management. After selecting the right plant for the right place, water is the next critical factor to establish and maintain a healthy lawn and landscape. Fertilization is another important component of lawn and landscape maintenance, and irrigation must be applied correctly, especially following fertilization, to minimize potential nutrient losses. This publication supplements other UF/IFAS Extension publications that also include information on the role of soil and the root zone in irrigation management. This publication is designed to help UF/IFAS Extension county agents prepare materials to directly address nutrient losses from lawns and landscapes caused by inadequate irrigation management practices. This 6-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss586

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

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