scholarly journals Honeybee Colony Disorder in Crop Areas: The Role of Pesticides and Viruses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Simon-Delso ◽  
Gilles San Martin ◽  
Etienne Bruneau ◽  
Laure-Anne Minsart ◽  
Coralie Mouret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honeybee Colony

scholarly journals The Sensitivity of a Honeybee Colony to Worker Mortality Depends on Season and Resource Availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J Lemanski ◽  
Siddhant Bansal ◽  
Nina H Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Evolution Of Aging ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Background: Honeybees have extraordinary phenotypic plasticity in their senescence rate, making them a fascinating model system for the evolution of aging. Seasonal variation in senescence and extrinsic mortality results in a tenfold increase in worker life expectancy in winter as compared to summer. To understand the evolution of this remarkable pattern of aging, we must understand how individual longevity scales up to effects on the entire colony. We develop a matrix model of colony demographics to ask how worker age-dependent and age-independent mortality affect colony fitness and how these effects differ by seasonal conditions.Results: We find that there are seasonal differences in honeybee colony sensitivity to both senescent and extrinsic worker mortality. Colonies are most sensitive to extrinsic (age-independent) nurse and forager mortality during periods of higher extrinsic mortality and resource availability but most sensitive to age-dependent mortality during periods of lower extrinsic mortality and lower resource availability.Conclusions: These results suggest that seasonal changes in the strength of selection on worker senescence partly explain the observed pattern of seasonal differences in worker aging in honey bees. More broadly, these results extend our understanding of the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of senescence to social animals.

Mode of action of royal jelly in honeybee development. X. Some aspects of lipid nutrition

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kinoshita ◽  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Decenoic Acid ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Dietary Sterol

Two components of the lipid fraction of royal jelly, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid and a sterol(s) are important for growth and development of the immature stages of the honeybee. Removal of the lipids by extraction with ether has been known for several years to have an accelerating effect on growth of laboratory-reared larvae; the readdition of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid to the diet before larvae are 72 h of age has now been found to prevent this effect. The slow growth and development of laboratory-reared larvae compared with larvae reared in the honeybee colony may be due to a higher than optimal level of the fatty acid in the diet of older larvae. A dietary level of at least 100 ppm of sterol was essential for larval growth and development. This was extremely low compared with the actual sterol content (about 3000 ppm) of whole royal jelly. The dietary sterol requirement for normal success in pupation was more than 400 ppm. The addition of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid to a diet containing not more than 100 ppm of sterol enabled normal pupal development and the emergence of adults to take place. The possible role of 10-hydroxydecenoic acid in honeybee growth and development is discussed.

scholarly journals Responsiveness to inhibitory signals changes as a function of colony size in honeybees ( Apis mellifera )

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. Bell ◽  
Kevin Hsiung ◽  
Patrick Pasberg ◽  
Frédéric D. Broccard ◽  
James C. Nieh
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Biological Networks ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony

Biological collectives, like honeybee colonies, can make intelligent decisions and robustly adapt to changing conditions via intricate systems of excitatory and inhibitory signals. In this study, we explore the role of behavioural plasticity and its relationship to network size by manipulating honeybee colony exposure to an artificial inhibitory signal. As predicted, inhibition was strongest in large colonies and weakest in small colonies. This is ecologically relevant for honeybees, for which reduced inhibitory effects may increase robustness in small colonies that must maintain a minimum level of foraging and food stores. We discuss evidence for size-dependent plasticity in other types of biological networks.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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