Parent-Reported Symptoms of Acute Otitis Media during the First Year of Life: What Is beneath the Surface?

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probioticsLactobacillus rhamnosusGG andBifidobacterium lactisBb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·90);P = 0·014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0·52 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·92);P = 0·015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·95);P = 0·022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.

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Comparison of first year of life acute otitis media admissions before and after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tal Marom ◽

Ofer Israel ◽

Haim Gavriel ◽

Jacob Pitaro ◽

Ali Abo Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

Before And After ◽

First Year Of Life

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Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Acute Otitis Media during the First Year of Life

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10531.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 618-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

P. KERO ◽

P. PIEKKALA

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

First Year ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

First Year Of Life

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Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During the First Year of Life

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa754 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emilia Thomas ◽

Janna-Maija Mattila ◽

Pasi Lehtinen ◽

Tytti Vuorinen ◽

Matti Waris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

First Year ◽

Seasonal Incidence ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Although many infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are hospitalized, most infants are treated as outpatients. Limited data are available on the burden of RSV in outpatient infants. Methods In a prospective study, we enrolled 431 newborn infants and followed them for a 10-month period (September-June). During each respiratory illness, we examined the infants and obtained nasopharyngeal specimens for the detection of RSV. The parents completed daily symptom diaries throughout the study. Results Among 408 active participants, the seasonal incidence rate of RSV illness was 328.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 275.2-389.0). Infants with ≥1 sibling had a 1.9-fold higher incidence of RSV illness than those without (95% CI 1.3-2.8; P = .0007). Acute otitis media developed in 103 (76.9%) of 134 infants with RSV infection, and 95 (70.9%) were treated with antibiotics. Nine (6.7%) infants with RSV were hospitalized, for a seasonal incidence rate of RSV hospitalization of 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI 10.1-41.9). Conclusions The outpatient burden of RSV is heavy on infants during the first year of life. Acute otitis media is a frequent complication of RSV, and it should be included in cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention or treatment of RSV infections in infants.

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Listening and Language at 4 Years of Age

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3503.588 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 588-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Judith S. Gravel ◽

Ina F. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Test Procedure ◽

First Year ◽

Language Abilities ◽

Standardized Measures ◽

Cognitive Measure ◽

Listening Task ◽

First Year Of Life

The effect of early otitis media on preschoolers’ listening and language abilities was examined in a cohort of prospectively followed children. At 4 years of age, children considered otitis negative and otitis positive during the first year of life were examined using a speech-incompetition task and several standardized measures of language and cognitive function. An adaptive test procedure was used, with sentence materials from the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test (PSI) (Jerger & Jerger, 1984). Results indicated that children with positive histories of otitis media during the first year required a more advantageous signal-to-competition ratio to perform at 50% sentence intelligibility than did their otitis-negative peers. There was no interaction between birth status (high-risk or full-term) and adaptive PSI listening task outcome. No differences between the groups were found In either receptive or expressive language abilities or in cognitive abilities. Further, there was no relationship between any language or cognitive measure and the adaptive PSI result

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Auditory temporal abilities in children with history of recurrent otitis media in the first years of life and persistent in preschool and school ages

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20142014008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 494-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priscila Cruvinel Villa ◽

Sthella Zanchetta

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Normal Range ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

History Of ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Recurrent Otitis Media

PURPOSE: To study the temporal auditory ordering and resolution abilities in children with and without a history of early OME and ROME, as well as to study the responses according to age. METHODS: A total of 59 children were evaluated, and all of them presented pure tone thresholds within the normal range at the time of the conduction of the hearing tests. The children were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of episodes of recurrent otitis media. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 7- and 8-year olds, and 9- and 10-year olds. All children were assessed with standard tests of temporal frequency (ordination) and gaps-in-noise (resolution). RESULTS: For the temporal abilities studied, children with a history of otitis media presented significantly lower results compared to the control group. In the frequency pattern test, the correct answers increased with age in both groups. In the identification of silence intervals, the control group showed no change in threshold regarding to age, but this change was present in the group with a history of otitis media. CONCLUSION: Episodes of otitis media with effusion in the first year of life, recurrent and persistent in preschool and school ages, negatively influence the temporal ordering and resolution abilities.

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Association of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and other risk factors with acute otitis media in an unvaccinated Indian birth cohort

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816000248 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (10) ◽

pp. 2191-2199 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. RUPA ◽

R. ISAAC ◽

G. REBEKAH ◽

A. MANOHARAN

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Winter Season ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽

Upper Respiratory Infection ◽

First Year Of Life

SUMMARYIn order to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in the first 2 years of life, we followed up an unvaccinated birth cohort monthly and at visits when sick, with otoscopy to detect AOM and performed nasopharyngeal swabbing to detect S. pneumoniae. Serotyping of positive cultures was also performed. Of 210 babies who were enrolled at birth, 61 (29·05%) experienced 128 episodes of AOM [relative risk 2·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·21–5·75] with maximum incidence in the second half of the first year of life. Episodes ranged from 1 to 7 (mean 2·1 episodes). Most (86·9%) babies with AOM had a positive culture swab giving an odds ratio (OR) of 1·93 (95% CI 1·03–3·62, P = 0·041) for this association. Other risk factors identified for AOM were winter season (OR 3·46, 95% CI 1·56–7·30, P = 0·001), upper respiratory infection (OR 2·43, 95% CI 1·43–4·51, P = 0·005); residents of small households were less likely to develop AOM (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·17–0·57, P < 0·01). Common S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during episodes were 19, 6, 15, 35, 7, 23, 9 and 10 which indicated a theoretical coverage for pneumococcal vaccines PCV10 and PCV13 constituent serotypes of 62·8%. We conclude that AOM in Indian infants is often associated with S. pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx as well as other risk factors.

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