scholarly journals Determinants of Bed Net Use in Southeast Nigeria following Mass Distribution of LLINs: Implications for Social Behavior Change Interventions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Russell ◽  
Adamu Sallau ◽  
Emmanuel Emukah ◽  
Patricia M. Graves ◽  
Gregory S. Noland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

scholarly journals The role of ideation on the effect of an SBC intervention on consistent bed net use among caregivers of children under 5 years in Nigeria: a multilevel mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osabohien Mathew Okoh ◽  
Bolanle Olapeju ◽  
Foyeke Oyedokun-Adebagbo ◽  
Uwem Inyang ◽  
Anna McCartney-Melstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
High Recall ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. Consistent bed net use (sleeping under a treated net every night) has been identified as a key malaria prevention behavior. This paper explores the relationship between mass media social and behavior change interventions, psychosocial factors, and consistent bed net use. Methods Data is from the endline survey of a USAID-funded social and behavior change communication campaign conducted from 2012 to 2017 across five states in Nigeria. The outcome measure was consistent bed net use, and the mediator variable was a composite measure called ideation from a set of psychosocial factors believed to influence bed net use. The independent variable was recall of malaria specific media messages. Multilevel mediation analysis explored if recall of malaria specific media messages had any effect on bed net related ideation and if this ideation had any effect on consistent net use. Results Respondents included in this study were on average aged 31 years, mostly married or cohabiting (97.5%) and female 75%. Four in 10 (39.7%) respondents were able to recall malaria specific messages. Respondents with low, moderate and high recall were 23, 32 and 80% more likely to have a higher ideational score in the emotional domain compared to those not able to recall. Respondents were more likely to have higher ideational scores in the cognitive domain if they had low (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38), moderate (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.34) or high recall (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.16–2.06), respectively compared to those with no recall. Similarly, respondents with low (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI .99–1.08), moderate (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.23) and high (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30) recall were more likely to have a higher ideational score in the social domain compared to those with no recall. After adjusting for recall of media messages and other potential covariates, all three ideational domains also had a significant positive effect on consistent bed net use. For every unit increase in ideational score, the likelihood of reporting consistent bed net use increased by 5 to 10%. There was a significant indirect effect of recalling malaria specific messages on consistent bed net use through each of the ideational domains. Conclusion Access to a bed net is a critical first step in the process of bed net utilization. However, psychosocial factors e.g., emotional, cognitive, and social domains of ideation also play a major role in bed net use. Mass media SBC interventions could potentially influence bed net related ideation and consequently improve net use behavior. Future Social and behavior change interventions should employ approaches that improve these domains of ideation within their audiences in order to increase bed net utilization.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Science Through the Looking Glass: Challenges for Real-World Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 942-947
Author(s):  
Pol Mac Aonghusa ◽  
Susan Michie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Intervention Evaluation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

Abstract Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the process of scientific research. AI, coupled with availability of large datasets and increasing computational power, is accelerating progress in areas such as genetics, climate change and astronomy [NeurIPS 2019 Workshop Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning, Vancouver, Canada; Hausen R, Robertson BE. Morpheus: A deep learning framework for the pixel-level analysis of astronomical image data. Astrophys J Suppl Ser. 2020;248:20; Dias R, Torkamani A. AI in clinical and genomic diagnostics. Genome Med. 2019;11:70.]. The application of AI in behavioral science is still in its infancy and realizing the promise of AI requires adapting current practices. Purposes By using AI to synthesize and interpret behavior change intervention evaluation report findings at a scale beyond human capability, the HBCP seeks to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of research activities. We explore challenges facing AI adoption in behavioral science through the lens of lessons learned during the Human Behaviour-Change Project (HBCP). Methods The project used an iterative cycle of development and testing of AI algorithms. Using a corpus of published research reports of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions, behavioral science experts annotated occurrences of interventions and outcomes. AI algorithms were trained to recognize natural language patterns associated with interventions and outcomes from the expert human annotations. Once trained, the AI algorithms were used to predict outcomes for interventions that were checked by behavioral scientists. Results Intervention reports contain many items of information needing to be extracted and these are expressed in hugely variable and idiosyncratic language used in research reports to convey information makes developing algorithms to extract all the information with near perfect accuracy impractical. However, statistical matching algorithms combined with advanced machine learning approaches created reasonably accurate outcome predictions from incomplete data. Conclusions AI holds promise for achieving the goal of predicting outcomes of behavior change interventions, based on information that is automatically extracted from intervention evaluation reports. This information can be used to train knowledge systems using machine learning and reasoning algorithms.

Behavior change interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the effects on self-management and A1c

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Delgado Bomtempo Batalha ◽  
Isabela Coelho Ponciano ◽  
Gabriela Chaves ◽  
Diogo Carvalho Felício ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Britto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

A Scoping Review of Behavior Change Interventions to Decrease Health Care Disparities for Patients With Disabilities in a Primary Care Setting: Can Social Marketing Play a Role?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Angela Makris ◽  
Mahmooda Khaliq ◽  
Elizabeth Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
The Social

Background: One in four Americans have a disability but remain an overlooked minority population at risk for health care disparities. Adults with disabilities can be high users of primary care but often face unmet needs and poor-quality care. Providers lack training, knowledge and have biased practices and behaviors toward people with disabilities (PWD); which ultimately undermines their quality of care. Focus of the Article: The aim is to identify behavior change interventions for decreasing health care disparities for people with disabilities in a healthcare setting, determine whether those interventions used key features of social marketing and identify gaps in research and practice. Research Question: To what extent has the social marketing framework been used to improve health care for PWD by influencing the behavior of health care providers in a primary health care setting? Program Design/Approach: Scoping Review. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: Social marketing has a long and robust history in health education and public health promotion, yet limited work has been done in the disabilities sector. The social marketing framework encompasses the appropriate features to aligned with the core principles of the social model of disability, which espouses that the barriers for PWD lie within society and not within the individual. Incorporating elements of the social model of disability into the social marketing framework could foster a better understanding of the separation of impairment and disability in the healthcare sector and open a new area of research for the field. Results: Four articles were found that target primary care providers. Overall, the studies aimed to increase knowledge, mostly for clinically practices and processes, not clinical behavior change. None were designed to capture if initial knowledge gains led to changes in behavior toward PWD. Recommendations: The lack of published research provides an opportunity to investigate both the applicability and efficacy of social marketing in reducing health care disparities for PWD in a primary care setting. Integrating the social model of disability into the social marketing framework may be an avenue to inform future interventions aimed to increase health equity and inclusiveness through behavior change interventions at a systems level.

scholarly journals Catalyzing sustainable fisheries management through behavior change interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin McDonald ◽  
Molly Wilson ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
Rebecca Twohey ◽  
Michaela Clemence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions

scholarly journals Analysis of Immunity to Febrile Malaria in Children That Distinguishes Immunity from Lack of Exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bejon ◽  
George Warimwe ◽  
Claire L. Mackintosh ◽  
Margaret J. Mackinnon ◽  
Sam M. Kinyanjui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Net Use ◽  
Malaria Episodes

ABSTRACT In studies of immunity to malaria, the absence of febrile malaria is commonly considered evidence of “protection.” However, apparent “protection” may be due to a lack of exposure to infective mosquito bites or due to immunity. We studied a cohort that was given curative antimalarials before monitoring began and documented newly acquired asymptomatic parasitemia and febrile malaria episodes during 3 months of surveillance. With increasing age, there was a shift away from febrile malaria to acquiring asymptomatic parasitemia, with no change in the overall incidence of infection. Antibodies to the infected red cell surface were associated with acquiring asymptomatic infection rather than febrile malaria or remaining uninfected. Bed net use was associated with remaining uninfected rather than acquiring asymptomatic infection or febrile malaria. These observations suggest that most uninfected children were unexposed rather than “immune.” Had they been immune, we would have expected the proportion of uninfected children to rise with age and that the uninfected children would have been distinguished from children with febrile malaria by the protective antibody response. We show that removing the less exposed children from conventional analyses clarifies the effects of immunity, transmission intensity, bed nets, and age. Observational studies and vaccine trials will have increased power if they differentiate between unexposed and immune children.

scholarly journals Comparing insecticide-treated bed net use to Plasmodium falciparum infection among schoolchildren living near Lake Victoria, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins Okoyo ◽  
Charles Mwandawiro ◽  
Jimmy Kihara ◽  
Elses Simiyu ◽  
Caroline W. Gitonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Infection ◽  
Net Use

Training commercial energy users in behavior change: A case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sea Rotmann ◽  
Beth Karlin
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Commercial Energy

Within the commercial sector, energy managers and building operators have a large impact over their organizations’ energy use. However, they mostly focus on technology solutions and retrofits, rather than human or corporate behaviors, and how to change them. This gap in targeted commercial sector research and behavioral interventions provides a great opportunity which is currently not being addressed. This paper presents a field research pilot where an empirical behavior change research process was applied and taught to commercial energy users in Ontario, Canada. This course served to fill an identified market gap and to improve commercial energy managers’ literacy in behavioral science theory and techniques. A needs assessment identified a clear gap in behavioral training for energy managers, and high interest in the course further proved out the market opportunity for professional training on how to design, implement and evaluate behavior change interventions. Evaluation results identified positive feedback in terms of course reaction, self-reported learning and behavioral outcomes, and tangible results when course participants returned to work to apply their learnings. Evaluation results suggest that such training fills a vital gap in the current Strategic Energy Management (SEM) landscape, and could unlock significant savings in the commercial energy sector.

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