Lactobacillus casei Shirota Supplementation Does Not Restore Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut Barrier in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Pilot Study

AbstractRecently, increased attention has been drawn to the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its possible role in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, potential variation in gut microbiota composition across ethnic groups is rarely considered despite observed unequal prevalence for these diseases. Our objective was therefore to study the gut microbiota composition across health, metabolic syndrome and T2DM in a multi-ethnic population residing in the same geographical area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 3926 participants to the HELIUS cohort (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), representing 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, Ghanaians, Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese of either African or South-Asian descent). Included participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and overnight fasted blood sampling. Gut microbiota composition was compared across metabolic status (diabetes with and without metformin use, metabolic syndrome and its subsequent components, health) and ethnicities using Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney tests and logistic regressions. Overall, the gut microbiota alpha-diversity (richness, Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) decreased with worsening of the metabolic state (comparing health to metabolic syndrome to T2DM) but this was only partially reproduced in ethnic-specific analyses. In line, a lower alpha-diversity was found in relation to all metabolic syndrome components as well as in T2DM subjects using metformin compared to non-users. Alterations, mainly decreased abundances, were also observed at the genus level (many Clostridiales) in metabolic syndrome subjects and more strongly in T2DM subjects with differences across ethnic groups. In particular, we observed decreased abundances of members of the Peptostreptococcaceae family and of Turicibacter and an increased abundance of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Our data highlight several compositional differences in the gut microbiota of individuals with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. These features, confirming prior observations, give some insights into potential key intestinal bacteria related to a worsening of metabolic state. Our results also underscore possible ethnic-specific profiles associated with these microbiota alterations that should be further explored.

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Gut Microbiota Composition is Associated with Responses to Peanut Intervention in Multiple Parameters Among Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Risk

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ◽

10.1002/mnfr.202001051 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2001051

Author(s):

Shuo Wang ◽

Lingling Zhang ◽

Di Wang ◽

Meiqin Huang ◽

Jingyu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Multiple Parameters ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Seaweed Dietary Fiber Sodium Alginate Suppresses the Migration of Colonic Inflammatory Monocytes and Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome via the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2812

Author(s):

Ryuta Ejima ◽

Masahiro Akiyama ◽

Hiroki Sato ◽

Sawako Tomioka ◽

Kyosuke Yakabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Sodium Alginate ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Inflammatory Monocytes ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disorder that affects approximately one billion people worldwide. Recent studies have evaluated whether targeting the gut microbiota can prevent MetS. This study aimed to assess the ability of dietary fiber to control MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition. Sodium alginate (SA) is a seaweed-derived dietary fiber that suppresses high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS via an effect on the gut microbiota. We observed that SA supplementation significantly decreased body weight gain, cholesterol levels, and fat weight, while improving glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. SA changed the gut microbiota composition and significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides. Antibiotic treatment completely abolished the suppressive effects of SA on MetS. Mechanistically, SA decreased the number of colonic inflammatory monocytes, which promote MetS development, in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The abundance of Bacteroides was negatively correlated with that of inflammatory monocytes and positively correlated with the levels of several gut metabolites. The present study revealed a novel food function of SA in preventing HFD-induced MetS through its action on gut microbiota.

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Gut Microbiota Assessment in Obese Children and Adolescents by Machine Learning Algorithms

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A716-A716

Author(s):

Giuseppe d’Annunzio ◽

Roberto Biassoni ◽

Eddi Di Marco ◽

Alberto La Valle ◽

Gianluca Piccolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Learning Algorithms ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Obese Children ◽

Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Gut microbiota has been recently established to play a contributory role in the development and progression of obesity, a multifactorial disease predisposing to several comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the gut microbiota composition by machine learning algorithms in 33 Italian obese children and adolescents. Patients were divided in 3 groups: simple obesity (n=10, mean age 11.6 +3.0, median 10.8), metabolic syndrome (n=16, mean age 13.3+3.0, median 13.5) or Prader Willi syndrome (n=7, mean age 8.3+5.3, median 8.7). Inclusion criteria were living in Northern Italy, born singleton birth, personal history negative for acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases and/or antibiotic or probiotics administration in the previous month. As controls 17 healthy control (mean age 12.0+2.4 median 10.6) were analyzed using the same approach. Statistical analysis for sparse high-throughput sequencing data algorithm (metagenomeSeq) using cumulative sum scaling for data normalization was performed. False discovery rate adjusted p-value using zero-inflated Gaussian fit statistical model (indicated with q). Over all analyses Parasutterella resulted with a q=0.014424, the comparison between obese patients and controls was q=0.021194. In the overall analysis Acidaminococcus intestini showed q=0.039528 while the comparison in pairs of two between metabolic syndrome and controls was q=0.03979. Using the EdgeR algorithm Clostridium bartlettii abundance between Prader Willi patients and controls resulted in q=0.02189. In overall analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens resulted q=6.1528E-17 (using the DESeq2 algorithm); in pairs analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens showed significant difference in Prader Willi patients as compared to obese (q=0.013755) and metabolic syndrome ones (q=0.021898). In overall analysis Veillonellaceae showed a FDR q=0.029303. while its richness resulted more than 150 times higher in metabolic syndrome patients than in controls (q=0.039793 evaluated with DESeq2 algorithm). Among Veillonellaceae descendants, the Veillonella rogosae showed, on the contrary, the lowest abundance in metabolic syndrome patients as compared to other groups. In detail, Veillonella rogosae abundances were 13 (FDR q=0.014566), around 20 times (FDR q=0.010646) and >20 (FDR q=0.0025008) less abundant in metabolic syndrome patients than obese, Prader Willi patients and controls, respectively. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition was found among patients with different degrees of obesity and controls. Further, Prader Willi patients showed a peculiar microbiota assessment.

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Effect of Dietary Inulin Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Derived Metabolites of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study

Journal of Renal Nutrition ◽

10.1053/j.jrn.2020.10.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annabel Biruete ◽

Tzu-Wen L. Cross ◽

Jacob M. Allen ◽

Brandon M. Kistler ◽

Henriette de Loor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Influence of Lactobacillus casei Shirota supplementation, insulin resistance and diet on gut microbiota, gut permeability and bile acid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1551726 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (05) ◽

Author(s):

B Leber ◽

V Stadlbauer ◽

S Lemesch ◽

S Trajanoski ◽

M Bashir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

Lactobacillus Casei Shirota

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Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00488.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 303 (5) ◽

pp. G589-G599 ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

Nicole de Wit ◽

Muriel Derrien ◽

Hanneke Bosch-Vermeulen ◽

Els Oosterink ◽

Shohreh Keshtkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Distal Intestine ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

We studied the effect of dietary fat type, varying in polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S), on development of metabolic syndrome. C57Bl/6J mice were fed purified high-fat diets (45E% fat) containing palm oil (HF-PO; P/S 0.4), olive oil (HF-OO; P/S 1.1), or safflower oil (HF-SO; P/S 7.8) for 8 wk. A low-fat palm oil diet (LF-PO; 10E% fat) was used as a reference. Additionally, we analyzed diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. The HF-PO diet induced a higher body weight gain and liver triglyceride content compared with the HF-OO, HF-SO, or LF-PO diet. In the intestine, the HF-PO diet reduced microbial diversity and increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Although this fits a typical obesity profile, our data clearly indicate that an overflow of the HF-PO diet to the distal intestine, rather than obesity itself, is the main trigger for these gut microbiota changes. A HF-PO diet-induced elevation of lipid metabolism-related genes in the distal small intestine confirmed the overflow of palm oil to the distal intestine. Some of these lipid metabolism-related genes were previously already associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, our data indicate that saturated fat (HF-PO) has a more stimulatory effect on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation than unsaturated fat (HF-OO and HF-SO). The overflow of fat to the distal intestine on the HF-PO diet induced changes in gut microbiota composition and mucosal gene expression. We speculate that both are directly or indirectly contributive to the saturated fat-induced development of obesity and hepatic steatosis.

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