scholarly journals Seaweed Dietary Fiber Sodium Alginate Suppresses the Migration of Colonic Inflammatory Monocytes and Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome via the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2812
Author(s):  
Ryuta Ejima ◽  
Masahiro Akiyama ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Sawako Tomioka ◽  
Kyosuke Yakabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disorder that affects approximately one billion people worldwide. Recent studies have evaluated whether targeting the gut microbiota can prevent MetS. This study aimed to assess the ability of dietary fiber to control MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition. Sodium alginate (SA) is a seaweed-derived dietary fiber that suppresses high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS via an effect on the gut microbiota. We observed that SA supplementation significantly decreased body weight gain, cholesterol levels, and fat weight, while improving glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. SA changed the gut microbiota composition and significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides. Antibiotic treatment completely abolished the suppressive effects of SA on MetS. Mechanistically, SA decreased the number of colonic inflammatory monocytes, which promote MetS development, in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The abundance of Bacteroides was negatively correlated with that of inflammatory monocytes and positively correlated with the levels of several gut metabolites. The present study revealed a novel food function of SA in preventing HFD-induced MetS through its action on gut microbiota.

Characterization of gut microbiota composition in HIV-infected patients with metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Villanueva-Millán ◽  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Emma Recio-Fernández ◽  
José-Miguel Lezana Rosales ◽  
José-Antonio Oteo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Differences in gut microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes subjects in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Deschasaux ◽  
Kristien Bouter ◽  
Andrei Prodan ◽  
Evgeni Levin ◽  
Albert Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractRecently, increased attention has been drawn to the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its possible role in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, potential variation in gut microbiota composition across ethnic groups is rarely considered despite observed unequal prevalence for these diseases. Our objective was therefore to study the gut microbiota composition across health, metabolic syndrome and T2DM in a multi-ethnic population residing in the same geographical area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 3926 participants to the HELIUS cohort (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), representing 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, Ghanaians, Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese of either African or South-Asian descent). Included participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and overnight fasted blood sampling. Gut microbiota composition was compared across metabolic status (diabetes with and without metformin use, metabolic syndrome and its subsequent components, health) and ethnicities using Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney tests and logistic regressions. Overall, the gut microbiota alpha-diversity (richness, Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) decreased with worsening of the metabolic state (comparing health to metabolic syndrome to T2DM) but this was only partially reproduced in ethnic-specific analyses. In line, a lower alpha-diversity was found in relation to all metabolic syndrome components as well as in T2DM subjects using metformin compared to non-users. Alterations, mainly decreased abundances, were also observed at the genus level (many Clostridiales) in metabolic syndrome subjects and more strongly in T2DM subjects with differences across ethnic groups. In particular, we observed decreased abundances of members of the Peptostreptococcaceae family and of Turicibacter and an increased abundance of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Our data highlight several compositional differences in the gut microbiota of individuals with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. These features, confirming prior observations, give some insights into potential key intestinal bacteria related to a worsening of metabolic state. Our results also underscore possible ethnic-specific profiles associated with these microbiota alterations that should be further explored.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel So ◽  
Kevin Whelan ◽  
Megan Rossi ◽  
Mark Morrison ◽  
Gerald Holtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Increased Vitamin Content or an Imbalance in Methyl Nutrients in the Gestational Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiota of the Offspring in a Sex-Dependent Manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 787-787
Author(s):  
Ulrik N Mjaaseth ◽  
Jackson Norris ◽  
Niklas DJ Aardema ◽  
Madison L Bunnell ◽  
Korry Hintze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Excess gestational folic acid and insufficient choline intakes as observed in the North American populations may increase the risk of obesity in offspring. It is well-established that adverse health outcomes may arise due to shifts in the gut microbial communities, but whether high vitamin intakes or an imbalance between methyl nutrients contributes to gut microbiota alterations is unclear. The objective of this research was to determine the gut microbiota composition of male and female offspring in relation to the vitamin composition of the gestational diet. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were fed the AIN-93G diet with either the recommended vitamin (RV), high multivitamin (HV), high folic acid (HFol) or high folic acid without choline (HFol-C) content. Male and female offspring were weaned to a high-fat control diet for 12 weeks. Fecal samples were collected from the colon upon termination for gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA sequencing and data analyses in QIIME2. Results The overall gut microbial communities as assessed by unweighted UniFrac distances differed among the gestational diet groups for male (PERMANOVA P = 0.04) and female (PERMANOVA P = 0.05) offspring. The covariates gestational diet and sex predicted the gut microbiota differences in the offspring (Q2 = 0.07 in Songbird) whereas diet alone resulted in overfitting of the multinomial regression model (Q2 < 0). High ranked features from the natural log-ratios of microbial abundance were Shigella, Clostridiales, Clostridiaceae for HV, and Odoribacter, Akkermansia muciniphila, Blautia for both HFol and HFol-C compared to RV. Low ranked features were Odoribacter for HV, Clostridiaceae and Clostridiales for HFol, and Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Lactobacillus vaginalis for HFol-C compared to RV. In male offspring, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Sutterella and Clostridiales were high ranked and Odoribacter was low ranked compared to female offspring. These differentially abundant microbes may be important contributors to obesity across diet and sex. Conclusions Increased vitamin content or an imbalance between folic acid and choline in the gestational diet leads to a shift in the gut microbiota composition in the offspring toward obesity. These effects differed by sex. Funding Sources Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and USU Research Catalyst. UNM supported by USU URCO.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Intake Alters Gut Microbiota Composition but Does Not Improve Gut Wall Barrier Function in Women with Future Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3862
Author(s):  
Kate I. Tomsett ◽  
Helen L. Barrett ◽  
Evelyn E. Dekker ◽  
Leonie K. Callaway ◽  
David H. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Lower Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Pregnancy alters the inflammatory state, metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota composition. It is unclear if the lower abundance of dietary fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria observed in hypertension also occurs in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber intake and the gut microbiota profile at 28 weeks gestation in women who developed HDP in late pregnancy (n = 22) or remained normotensive (n = 152) from the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING). Dietary fiber intake was classified as above or below the median of 18.2 g/day. Gut microbiota composition was examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The gut permeability marker zonulin was measured in a subset of 46 samples. In women with future HPD, higher dietary fiber intake was specifically associated with increased abundance of Veillonella, lower abundance of Adlercreutzia, Anaerotruncus and Uncl. Mogibacteriaceae and higher zonulin levels than normotensive women. Fiber intake and zonulin levels were negatively correlated in women with normotensive pregnancies but not in pregnancies with future HDP. In women with normotensive pregnancies, dietary fiber intake may improve gut barrier function. In contrast, in women who develop HDP, gut wall barrier function is impaired and not related to dietary fiber intake.

scholarly journals A Partnership in the Making: Metabolic Phenotype Determined by the Combination of Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome (FS07-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wen Cross ◽  
Evan Hutchison ◽  
Jacob Coulthurst ◽  
Federico Rey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Dietary fiber consumption improves cardiometabolic health, partly by enhancing microbial diversity and increasing production of butyrate in the distal gut. However, it is unclear whether the benefits associated with different types of fiber vary based on the gut microbiota composition. We surveyed nine different human gut microbial communities by characterizing them in germ-free mice and selected two communities based on their butyrate-producing capacity (“B”) and diversity (“D”) (i.e., high- vs. low-BD communities). Our objective was to assess the role of high- vs. low-BD communities on the metabolic effects elicited by the consumption of various dietary fibers. Methods We formulated seven diets with different sources of dietary fiber (10% wt/wt): i) resistant starch type 2 (RS2); ii) RS4; iii) inulin; iv) short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS); v) pectin, vi) assorted fiber (a combination of the 5 fermentable fibers), and vii) cellulose (a non-fermentable control). Germ-free C57BL/6 male mice were colonized with either the high- or low-BD communities and fed the assorted fiber diet for 2 weeks to reach stability of microbial engraftment. Mice were then switched to one of the 7 diets for 4 weeks (n = 7–10/group; 117 mice total). We quantified cecal level of short-chain fatty acids and assessed the gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Results Mice colonized with the high-BD community have lower body weight and fat mass compared to the low-BD community when fermentable-fiber sources RS2, inulin, or assorted fiber were present in the diet. Body weight did not differ between the two communities when mice were fed RS4, scFOS, pectin, or cellulose diets. Lower body weight and fat mass were associated with greater cecal butyrate concentrations and microbial diversity. Conclusions The efficacy of dietary fiber interventions on metabolic health varies based on the gut microbiota composition. Overall, our results suggest that dietary fiber supplementations need to be matched with the metabolic potential of the gut microbiome. Funding Sources Fondation Leducq, USDA, and NIH.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Assessment in Obese Children and Adolescents by Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A716-A716
Author(s):  
Giuseppe d’Annunzio ◽  
Roberto Biassoni ◽  
Eddi Di Marco ◽  
Alberto La Valle ◽  
Gianluca Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Gut microbiota has been recently established to play a contributory role in the development and progression of obesity, a multifactorial disease predisposing to several comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the gut microbiota composition by machine learning algorithms in 33 Italian obese children and adolescents. Patients were divided in 3 groups: simple obesity (n=10, mean age 11.6 +3.0, median 10.8), metabolic syndrome (n=16, mean age 13.3+3.0, median 13.5) or Prader Willi syndrome (n=7, mean age 8.3+5.3, median 8.7). Inclusion criteria were living in Northern Italy, born singleton birth, personal history negative for acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases and/or antibiotic or probiotics administration in the previous month. As controls 17 healthy control (mean age 12.0+2.4 median 10.6) were analyzed using the same approach. Statistical analysis for sparse high-throughput sequencing data algorithm (metagenomeSeq) using cumulative sum scaling for data normalization was performed. False discovery rate adjusted p-value using zero-inflated Gaussian fit statistical model (indicated with q). Over all analyses Parasutterella resulted with a q=0.014424, the comparison between obese patients and controls was q=0.021194. In the overall analysis Acidaminococcus intestini showed q=0.039528 while the comparison in pairs of two between metabolic syndrome and controls was q=0.03979. Using the EdgeR algorithm Clostridium bartlettii abundance between Prader Willi patients and controls resulted in q=0.02189. In overall analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens resulted q=6.1528E-17 (using the DESeq2 algorithm); in pairs analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens showed significant difference in Prader Willi patients as compared to obese (q=0.013755) and metabolic syndrome ones (q=0.021898). In overall analysis Veillonellaceae showed a FDR q=0.029303. while its richness resulted more than 150 times higher in metabolic syndrome patients than in controls (q=0.039793 evaluated with DESeq2 algorithm). Among Veillonellaceae descendants, the Veillonella rogosae showed, on the contrary, the lowest abundance in metabolic syndrome patients as compared to other groups. In detail, Veillonella rogosae abundances were 13 (FDR q=0.014566), around 20 times (FDR q=0.010646) and >20 (FDR q=0.0025008) less abundant in metabolic syndrome patients than obese, Prader Willi patients and controls, respectively. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition was found among patients with different degrees of obesity and controls. Further, Prader Willi patients showed a peculiar microbiota assessment.

scholarly journals Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuchen Wei ◽  
Nong Zhou ◽  
Liang Zou ◽  
Zhenxing Shi ◽  
Baoqing Dun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Dietary intervention with plant protein is one of the main methods that is used to lessen the symptoms of malnutrition. Supplementary soy protein to undernourished weaning rats for 6 weeks significantly increased their body weight gain. After the intervention, the level of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was restored to 1,512.7 μg/g, while the level was only 637.1 μg/g in the 7% protein group. The amino acids (valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) increased in the colon, and vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly influenced in undernourished rats. The tryptophan and glycine-serine-threonine pathways were elevated, leading to an increase in the level of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the serum. In addition, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Lactobacillus increased, while Enterococcus and Streptococcus decreased compared to undernourished rats. Overall, soy protein improved the growth of rats with malnutrition in early life by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in the colon and serum.

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