scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing among Pediatric Inpatients with Potential Infections in Two Private Sector Hospitals in Central India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Sharma ◽  
Anna Damlin ◽  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Central India ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing

scholarly journals Diagnose-Specific Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns at Otorhinolaryngology Inpatient Departments of Two Private Sector Healthcare Facilities in Central India: A Five-Year Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4074
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Silfwerbrand ◽  
Sumeer Verma ◽  
Cora Sjökvist ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Megha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Central India ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Antibiotics are over-prescribed in low-and-middle-income countries, where the infection rate is high. The global paucity of standard treatment guidelines and reliable diagnose-specific prescription data from high-infection risk departments such as the otorhinolaryngology (ENT: ears, nose and throat) is a barrier to rationalize antibiotic use and combat antibiotic resistance. The study was conducted to present diagnose-specific antibiotic prescribing patterns of five years at ENT inpatient departments of two private-sector Indian hospitals. Data of all consecutive inpatients (n = 3527) were collected but analyzed for the inpatients aged >15 years (n = 2909) using the World Health Organization’s methodologies. Patient records were divided into four diagnoses groups: surgical, non-surgical, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), and others. Of 2909 inpatients, 51% had surgical diagnoses. An average of 83% of patients in the clean surgery group and more than 75% in the viral and non-infectious groups were prescribed antibiotics. CSOM was the most common diagnosis (31%), where 90% of inpatients were prescribed antibiotics. Overall, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were most commonly prescribed. This study highlights the inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics to patients of clean surgeries, viral infections, and non-infectious groups. The single-prophylactic dose of antibiotic for clean-contaminated surgeries was replaced by the prolonged empirical prescribing. The use of microbiology investigations was insignificant.

scholarly journals Trends and patterns of antibiotic prescribing at orthopedic inpatient departments of two private-sector hospitals in Central India: A 10-year observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245902
Author(s):  
Kristina Skender ◽  
Vivek Singh ◽  
Cecilia Stalsby-Lundborg ◽  
Megha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Central India ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Defined Daily Doses

Background Frequent antibiotic prescribing in departments with high infection risk like orthopedics prominently contributes to the global increase of antibiotic resistance. However, few studies present antibiotic prescribing patterns and trends among orthopedic inpatients. Aim To compare and present the patterns and trends of antibiotic prescription over 10 years for orthopedic inpatients in a teaching (TH) and a non-teaching hospital (NTH) in Central India. Methods Data from orthopedic inpatients (TH-6446; NTH-4397) were collected using a prospective cross-sectional study design. Patterns were compared based on the indications and corresponding antibiotic treatments, mean Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/1000 patient-days, adherence to the National List of Essential Medicines India (NLEMI) and the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (WHOMLEM). Antibiotic prescriptions were analyzed separately for the operated and the non-operated inpatients. Linear regression was used to analyze the time trends of antibiotic prescribing; in total through DDD/1000 patient-days and by antibiotic groups. Results Third generation cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class (TH-39%; NTH-65%) and fractures were the most common indications (TH-48%; NTH-48%). Majority of the operated inpatients (TH-99%; NTH-97%) were prescribed pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics. The non-operated inpatients were also prescribed antibiotics (TH-40%; NTH-75%), although few of them had infectious diagnoses (TH-8%; NTH-14%). Adherence to the NLEMI was lower (TH-31%; NTH-34%) than adherence to the WHOMLEM (TH-65%; NTH-62%) in both hospitals. Mean DDD/1000 patient-days was 16 times higher in the TH (2658) compared to the NTH (162). Total antibiotic prescribing increased over 10 years (TH-β = 3.23; NTH-β = 1.02). Conclusion Substantial number of inpatients were prescribed antibiotics without clear infectious indications. Adherence to the NLEMI and the WHOMLEM was low in both hospitals. Antibiotic use increased in both hospitals over 10 years and was higher in the TH than in the NTH. The need for developing and implementing local antibiotic prescribing guidelines is emphasized.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing among inpatients with infectious and non-infectious indications in obstetrics and gynaecology departments at two tertiary care hospitals in Central India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Machowska ◽  
Kristoffer Landstedt ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Megha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Surgical Indications ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract Background: Patients in obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGY) departments are at high risk of life-threatening infection, thus prescribed antibiotics extensively. The use of antibiotics leads to increasing antibiotic resistance (ABR). Antibiotic surveillance is one of the cornerstones to combat ABR. However, surveillance of, department specific antibiotic prescription data is rarely performed, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aim: To describe and compare antibiotic prescription patterns among the inpatients at OBGY departments of two tertiary care hospitals, one teaching (TH) and one non-teaching (NTH), in Central India. Methods: A prospective study was conducted for three years using. Demographics, length of hospital stay, diagnoses and prescribed antibiotics including dose, duration and frequency were recorded for all inpatients during their hospital stay. The patients were divided into, infectious and non-infectious diagnosis categories and further into surgical, non-surgical and possible surgical indications using the International Classification of Disease system version-10. Results: A total of 5558 patients were included in the study; 2044 (81%) in the TH and 2567 (85%) in the NTH received antibiotics (p<0.001). A majority of the patients with surgical indications were prescribed antibiotics (TH-87%, NTH-100%). Prescribing of the fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of antibiotics and use of trade names were more common at the NTH. Most of the inpatients who had neither surgery nor any confirmed bacterial infection received antibiotics (TH-71% and NTH-75%). Overall, higher DDD/1000 patients were prescribed in the TH in both categories. Conclusions: High antibiotic prescribing for the inpatients having no infection indications in both hospitals, as well as frequent prescribing of trade-name, broad-spectrum antibiotics, including the FDCs in the NTH than the TH, are points of concern. Investigation of the underlying reasons for prescribing antibiotics for unindicated diagnoses and the development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs are recommended measures to improve the antibiotic prescribing practice.

Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pus samples of patients of Bastar region, Central India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fareed Khan ◽  
Arvind Neral ◽  
Vikas Chandra Yadav ◽  
Farah Aziz Khan ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and resistanceto multiple antibiotic classes is a global issue. Regional surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility of the organism is a necessary step to overcome the issues of antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure in MRSA infections. The study was conducted to find the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA isolated from the pus samples of patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bastar tribal region in Central India. The study was performed on 215 MRSA isolates cultured from pus samples of patients over a period of two years and five months. In the methicillin resistant organisms selected by oxacillin screen agar test and cefoxitin disk diffusion test, antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Baur disk diffusion test with CLSI guide lines. Of the total S. aureus isolates, the incidence of MRSA was 34.1% of which 82.8% were resistant to co‐trimoxazole, 77.2% to tetracycline, 68.8% to gentamycin, 66% to erythromycin, 64.2% to ciprofloxacin, 1.4% to vancomycin, and 0.9% to linezolid. All these isolates were resistant to the ß‐lactam antibiotics tested. Emergence of linezolid resistance and relatively higher vancomycin resistance in the MRSA isolates is a worrisome finding of this study. The antibiotic prescribing must rely on both initial empirical therapy and microbiological antibiotic susceptibility result.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing in two private sector hospitals; one teaching and one non-teaching: A cross-sectional study in Ujjain, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Sharma ◽  
Bo Eriksson ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Suryaprakash Dhaneria ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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