scholarly journals Eight-Shaped Hatching Increases the Risk of Inner Cell Mass Splitting in Extended Mouse Embryo Culture

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Hongxing Liang ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Hui Long ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mass Splitting ◽  
Mouse Embryo Culture

Use of F9 teratocarcinoma STEM cells to study cell-matrix interactions in the early mouse embryo

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
Marc Lenburg ◽  
Rulang Jiang ◽  
Lengya Cheng ◽  
Laura Grabel
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
F9 Cells ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
F9 Teratocarcinoma

We are interested in defining the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that help direct the differentiation of extraembryonic endoderm in the peri-implantation mouse embryo. At the blastocyst stage the mouse embryo consists of an outer layer of trophectoderm surrounding the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity and an eccentrically located inner cell mass. On the free surface of the inner cell mass, facing the blastocoel cavity, a layer of primitive endoderm forms. Primitive endoderm then generates two distinct cell types; parietal endoderm (PE) which migrates along the inner surface of the trophectoderm and secretes large amounts of basement membrane components as well as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and visceral endoderm (VE), a columnar epithelial layer characterized by tight junctions, microvilli, and the synthesis and secretion of α-fetoprotein. As these events occur after implantation, we have turned to the F9 teratocarcinoma system as an in vitro model for examining the differentiation of these cell types. When F9 cells are treated in monolayer with retinoic acid plus cyclic-AMP, they differentiate into PE. In contrast, when F9 cells are treated in suspension with retinoic acid, they form embryoid bodies (EBs) which consist of an outer layer of VE and an inner core of undifferentiated stem cells. In addition, we have established that when VE containing embryoid bodies are plated on a fibronectin coated substrate, PE migrates onto the matrix and this interaction is inhibited by RGDS as well as antibodies directed against the β1 integrin subunit. This transition is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of tPA in the PE cells. Thus, the outgrowth system provides a spatially appropriate model for studying the differentiation and migration of PE from a VE precursor.

scholarly journals Extended embryo culture is effective for patients of an advanced maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sainte-Rose ◽  
C. Petit ◽  
L. Dijols ◽  
C. Frapsauce ◽  
F. Guerif
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Live Birth Rates

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of extended embryo culture in advanced maternal age (AMA) patients (37–43 years). In this retrospective analysis, 21,301 normally fertilized zygotes from 4952 couples were cultured until the blastocyst stage. Blastocyst development, including kinetics and morphology, transfer rate, implantation and live birth rates, were measured. In AMA patients, the blastocyst rate was significantly decreased as compared to that in younger women. On day 5, blastocysts underwent growth retardation in AMA patients, which was highlighted by a decreased rate of full/expanded blastocysts. Organization of the cells (trophectoderm and inner cell mass) was unaffected by age. However, in AMA patients, a ‘good’ morphology blastocyst had a decreased probability to implant compared with an ‘average’ morphology blastocyst in younger women. While the rates of blastocyst transfer and useful blastocysts were similar to younger patients, in AMA patients, both implantation and live birth rates were significantly reduced. Our results support the idea that extended embryo culture is not harmful for AMA patients. However, embryo selection allowed by such culture is not powerful enough to avoid chromosomal abnormalities in the developed blastocysts and therefore cannot compensate for the effect of a woman’s age.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modification Affecting Expression of Cell Polarity and Cell Fate Genes to Regulate Lineage Specification in the Early Mouse Embryo

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2649-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
David-Emlyn Parfitt ◽  
Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions

Formation of inner and outer cells of the mouse embryo distinguishes pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) from differentiating trophectoderm (TE). Carm1, which methylates histone H3R17 and R26, directs cells to ICM rather that TE. To understand the mechanism by which this epigenetic modification directs cell fate, we generated embryos with in vivo–labeled cells of different Carm1 levels, using time-lapse imaging to reveal dynamics of their behavior, and related this to cell polarization. This shows that Carm1 affects cell fate by promoting asymmetric divisions, that direct one daughter cell inside, and cell engulfment, where neighboring cells with lower Carm1 levels compete for outside positions. This is associated with changes to the expression pattern and spatial distribution of cell polarity proteins: Cells with higher Carm1 levels show reduced expression and apical localization of Par3 and a dramatic increase in expression of PKCII, antagonist of the apical protein aPKC. Expression and basolateral localization of the mouse Par1 homologue, EMK1, increases concomitantly. Increased Carm1 also reduces Cdx2 expression, a transcription factor key for TE differentiation. These results demonstrate how the extent of a specific epigenetic modification could affect expression of cell polarity and fate-determining genes to ensure lineage allocation in the mouse embryo.

scholarly journals Progesterone-regulated Hsd11b2 as a barrier to balance mouse uterine corticosterone

2020 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Tao Zheng ◽  
Tao Fu ◽  
Hai-Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Shan Yang ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for mouse embryo implantation and decidualization. Excess GCs are harmful for mouse embryo implantation and decidualization. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type I and II (Hsd11b1/Hsd11b2) are main enzymes for regulating local level of GCs. Hsd11b2 acts as the placental glucocorticoid barrier to protect the fetus from excessive exposure. Although effects of GCs on the fetus and placenta in late pregnancy have been extensively studied, the effects of these adrenal corticosteroids in early pregnancy are far less well defined. Therefore, we examined the expression, regulation and function of Hsd11b1/Hsd11b2 in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. We found that Hsd11b2 is highly expressed in endometrial stromal cells on days 3 and 4 of pregnancy and mainly upregulated by progesterone (P4). In both ovariectomized mice and cultured stromal cells, P4 significantly stimulates Hsd11b2 expression. P4 stimulation of Hsd11b2 is mainly mediated by the Ihh pathway. The uterine level of corticosterone (Cort) is regulated by Hsd11b2 during preimplantation. Embryo development and the number of inner cell mass cells are suppressed by Cort treatment. These results indicate that P4 should provide a low Cort environment for the development of preimplantation mouse embryos by promoting the expression of uterine Hsd11b2.

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