scholarly journals Winter cover crops on processing tomato yield, quality, pest pressure, nitrogen availability, and profit margins

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Cheryl Trueman ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Green manuring effect of pure and mixed barley – hairy vetch winter cover crops on maize and processing tomato N nutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Roberta Pace ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Richard J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Yield Quality

Van Eerd, L. L., Loewen, S. A. and Vyn, R. J. 2015. Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 273–283. The removal of crop residues to meet the anticipated demand for the bioeconomy sector may impact subsequent crop productivity. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw management practices of: (1) retaining straw, (2) removing straw, or (3) retaining straw with a fall application of calcium ammonium nitrate at 34 kg N ha−1 to enhance straw decomposition. At two locations in 2006–2009, a split-plot design within a randomized complete block experiment, with wheat straw management as main-plot factor and nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 145 or 224 kg N ha−1) to the tomato crop as split-plot factor. At Ridgetown, marketable and total yield and profit margins were significantly higher with straw retained compared with straw removed treatments (total yield of 74.4 vs. 66.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively) but the straw retained plus fall N treatment (total yield 72.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not different. However, at Leamington, straw management had no effect on yield or profit margins likely due to the rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop used in the production system. At both locations, tomato quality (color, pH, soluble solids) was not influenced by straw or N management. Nitrogen fertilizer application to tomato had a significant effect on total processing yield, soil mineral N, and plant N, but wheat straw management had no effect on these parameters and there were no N fertilizer by straw management interactions. Winter wheat straw management did not impact soil N fertility for subsequent crop production. Thus, there may be significant undesired effects of removing crop residues on a subsequent crop yield; however, planting a cover crop may mitigate subsequent yield losses associated with biomass removal.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF WINTER COVER CROPS AND N APPLICATIONS ON VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 429e-429
Author(s):  
K.M. Batal ◽  
M.R. Hall ◽  
D.M. Granberry ◽  
J.T. Garrett ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
N Rates

A vegetable production system using winter cover crops and N rates was evaluated for several years in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Snap bean, cucumber, tomato, potato, and sweetpotato crops were tested at different locations. Cover crop plots produced higher yields and better quality in all locations as seasons progressed over 4 years. Soil N levels in fallow, wheat, and clover plots were similar at initiation, but N gradually increased in clover plots in successive years. Yield and quality of root crops improved with Crimson clover without N applications compared to fallow plots with 60 kg N/ha. Effects on yield and tuber size are discussed. Nitrate and NH4-N in the soil profile from 15- to 150-cm depth were monitored at all locations. Nitrogen availability, depletion, and leaching below the root zone were determined. At low N rate, clover plots had slightly higher NO3 in the soil profile; however, at high N rate, N supply by clover was not as critical, and N leaching was detected at much lower depths than at low N rates.

How winter cover crops and tillage intensities affect nitrogen availability in eggplant

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Radicetti ◽  
Enio Campiglia ◽  
Alvaro Marucci ◽  
Roberto Mancinelli
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

Response of Winter Cover Crops to Soil Compaction

1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Flocker ◽  
J. A. Vomocil ◽  
M. T. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals A 3-year field study to assess winter cover crops as nitrogen sources for an organic maize crop in Mediterranean Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 126302
Author(s):  
Adelaide Perdigão ◽  
José L.S. Pereira ◽  
Nuno Moreira ◽  
Henrique Trindade ◽  
João Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate Conditions on the Effectiveness of Winter Cover Crops in Reducing Nitrate Loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watersheds Using the SWAT Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1939-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangchul Lee ◽  
Ali M. Sadeghi ◽  
In-Young Yeo ◽  
Gregory W. McCarty ◽  
W. Dean Hively
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Abstract. Winter cover crops (WCCs) have been widely implemented in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW) due to their high effectiveness in reducing nitrate loads. However, future climate conditions (FCCs) are expected to exacerbate water quality degradation in the CBW by increasing nitrate loads from agriculture. Accordingly, the question remains whether WCCs are sufficient to mitigate increased nutrient loads caused by FCCs. In this study, we assessed the impacts of FCCs on WCC nitrate reduction efficiency in the Coastal Plain of the CBW using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Three FCC scenarios (2085-2098) were prepared using general circulation models (GCMs), considering three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We also developed six representative WCC implementation scenarios based on the most commonly used planting dates and species of WCCs in this region. Simulation results showed that WCC biomass increased by ~58% under FCC scenarios due to climate conditions conducive to WCC growth. Prior to implementing WCCs, annual nitrate loads increased by ~43% under FCC scenarios compared to the baseline scenario (2001-2014). When WCCs were planted, annual nitrate loads were substantially reduced by ~48%, and WCC nitrate reduction efficiency was ~5% higher under FCC scenarios relative to the baseline scenario. The increase in WCC nitrate reduction efficiency varied with FCC scenario and WCC planting method. As CO2 concentrations were higher and winters were warmer under FCC scenarios, WCCs had greater biomass and thus demonstrated higher nitrate reduction efficiency. In response to FCC scenarios, the performance of less effective WCC practices (i.e., barley, wheat, and late planting) under the baseline scenario indicated a ~14% higher increase in nitrate reduction efficiency compared to WCC practices with greater effectiveness under the baseline scenario (i.e., rye and early planting) due to warmer temperatures. The SWAT simulation results indicated that WCCs were effective in mitigating nitrate loads accelerated by FCCs, suggesting the role of WCCs in mitigating nitrate loads will likely be even more important under FCCs. Keywords: Future climate conditions (FCCs), SWAT, Water quality, Winter cover crops (WCCs).

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