Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Richard J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Yield Quality

Van Eerd, L. L., Loewen, S. A. and Vyn, R. J. 2015. Winter wheat straw management on subsequent processing tomato yield, quality, economics and nitrogen dynamics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 273–283. The removal of crop residues to meet the anticipated demand for the bioeconomy sector may impact subsequent crop productivity. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw management practices of: (1) retaining straw, (2) removing straw, or (3) retaining straw with a fall application of calcium ammonium nitrate at 34 kg N ha−1 to enhance straw decomposition. At two locations in 2006–2009, a split-plot design within a randomized complete block experiment, with wheat straw management as main-plot factor and nitrogen fertilizer (0 and 145 or 224 kg N ha−1) to the tomato crop as split-plot factor. At Ridgetown, marketable and total yield and profit margins were significantly higher with straw retained compared with straw removed treatments (total yield of 74.4 vs. 66.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively) but the straw retained plus fall N treatment (total yield 72.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) was not different. However, at Leamington, straw management had no effect on yield or profit margins likely due to the rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop used in the production system. At both locations, tomato quality (color, pH, soluble solids) was not influenced by straw or N management. Nitrogen fertilizer application to tomato had a significant effect on total processing yield, soil mineral N, and plant N, but wheat straw management had no effect on these parameters and there were no N fertilizer by straw management interactions. Winter wheat straw management did not impact soil N fertility for subsequent crop production. Thus, there may be significant undesired effects of removing crop residues on a subsequent crop yield; however, planting a cover crop may mitigate subsequent yield losses associated with biomass removal.

scholarly journals Winter cover crops on processing tomato yield, quality, pest pressure, nitrogen availability, and profit margins

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Cheryl Trueman ◽  
Richard J. Vyn ◽  
Steven A. Loewen ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Organic Processing Tomato as Affected by Different Cover Crop Residues Management

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Chehade ◽  
Antichi ◽  
Martelloni ◽  
Frasconi ◽  
Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
No Till

No-till practices reduce soil erosion, conserve soil organic carbon, and enhance soil fertility. Yet, many factors could limit their adoption in organic farming. The present study investigated the effects of tillage and cover cropping on weed biomass, plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of an organic processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L. var. Elba F1) over two seasons (2015–2017). We compared systems where processing tomato was transplanted on i) tilled soil following or not a winter cover crop (Trifolium squarrosum L.) and with/without a biodegradable plastic mulch; and ii) no-till where clover was used, after rolling and flaming, as dead mulch. Tomato in no-till suffered from high weed competition and low soil nitrogen availability leading to lower plant growth, N uptake, and yield components with respect to tilled systems. The total yield in no-till declined to 6.8 and 18.3 t ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with at least a 65% decrease compared to tilled clover-based systems. No evidence of growth-limiting soil compaction was noticed but a slightly higher soil resistance was in the no-till topsoil. Tillage and cover crop residues did not significantly change tomato quality (pH, total soluble solids, firmness). The incorporation of clover as green manure was generally more advantageous over no-till. This was partly due to the low performance of the cover crop where improvement may limit the obstacles (i.e., N supply and weed infestation) and enable the implementation of no-till in organic vegetable systems.

scholarly journals Field Straw Management – A Techno Economic Perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mangaraj ◽  
S. D. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The Cost

The study was conducted in the combine harvested paddy (variety-Kranti) and wheat (HI-8498) field. The crop gatherer cum baler was used for collection and baling of crop residues left in the field. Collection and gathering losses were determined for given condition and quantity of straw in the field. Moisture content of loose paddy and wheat straw was 15% and 8% respectively. Field operation was conducted at forward speed of 2.7 km/h and with collecting width of 1240 mm. The number of twine tied bales obtained per h was 181 and 87 with bale density of 200 and 102 kg/m3 and bale mass of 22 and 10 kg respectively for rice and wheat crop. The collection and gathering losses were 18.40% for rice and 41.12 % for wheat. The cost of producing one twine tied bale was Rs.2.75 and Rs.5.00 for rice and wheat respectively. At nominal price of rice straw (Rs. 0.25/kg) and wheat straw (Rs. 0.75/kg) the net income from straw collection and baling using the machine was Rs. 607.00 per ha and Rs. 235.00 per ha for rice straw and wheat straw respectively. Straw management in the combine harvested fields by straw collection and baling in the field is considered as an appropriate and economically viable option for timely use of the field for subsequent sowing.Key words: Straw management; Techno economicDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5107Journal of the Institute of EngineeringVol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 153-159Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of using crop residue destructors when growing sunflower with different methods of soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Maliarchuk ◽  
◽  
E. Fedorchuk ◽  
Е. Lilevman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Irrigated Lands

The article analyzes the influence of the processes of decomposition of winter wheat straw under the influence of destructors, which are embedded in the soil with implements with different designs of working organs, in the grain-crop rotation of the research field of the South Ukrainian Branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT on productive indicators of production activity, such as the yield of sunflower seeds, the production cost of the resulting products and the profitability of production. The goal of the research is forming and determination of the optimal economically effective system of technical and technological support of farms, when using winter wheat straw for fertilization with its preliminary processing with destructors, which helps to reduce the technogenic load, increase the productivity of the crop production industry and preserve soil fertility in crop rotations on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine. Research methods – field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory and mathematical-statistical. In the crop rotation investigated five systems of basic tillage different in methods, techniques and depth of soil loosening on a background of straw treatment with destructors. Results: it has been established that when growing sunflower in the arid conditions of the southern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine on non-irrigated lands, it is advisable to use winter crop residues for fertilizing, treat it with destructors in combination with ammonium nitrate and plant it in the soil using deep plowing, which creates favorable conditions for its decomposition and formation of seed productivity at the level of 2.58 t/ha. Conclusions: it has been established that the economic effect of the use of destructors with plowing on the 30-32 cm and moldless loosening on the 40-42 cm is several times higher than the additional costs of introducing a destructor and ammonium nitrate. Plowless and shallow tillage and sowing in pre-uncultivated soil proved to be ineffective in an arid Southern climate on non-irrigated lands with a low moisture coefficient, even when treatment with destructors, as a result of which additional costs were received from UAH 0.16 for each hryvnia up to UAH 1.63 loss.

scholarly journals The mineralization effect of wheat straw on soil properties described by MFPC analysis and other methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Monika Jakubus ◽  
Mirosław Krzyśko ◽  
Waldemar Wołyński ◽  
Małgorzata Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Functional Principal Component ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Experimental Treatments

AbstractRecycling of crop residues is essential to sustain soil fertility and crop production. Despite the positive effect of straw incorporation, the slow decomposition of that organic substance is a serious issue. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of winter wheat straws with different degrees of stem solidness on the rate of decomposition and soil properties. An incubation experiment lasting 425 days was carried out in controlled conditions. To perform analyses, soil samples were collected after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 119, 147, 175, 203, 231, 259, 313, 341, 369, 397 and 425 days of incubation. The addition of two types of winter wheat straw with different degree of stem solidness into the sandy soil differentiated the experimental treatments. The results demonstrate that straw mineralization was a relatively slow process and did not depend on the degree of filling of the stem by pith. Multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPC) gave proof of significant variation between the control soil and the soil incubated with the straws. The first functional principal component describes 48.53% and the second 18.55%, of the variability of soil properties. Organic carbon, mineral nitrogen and sum of bases impact on the first functional principal component, whereas, magnesium, sum of bases and total nitrogen impact on the second functional principal component.

Impact of water availability on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klupács ◽  
Á. Tarnawa ◽  
I. Balla ◽  
M. Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Yield Quality

Water supply of crop plants is the most essential physiological condition influencing quality and quantity performance of grain yield. In a 12-year experimental series of winter wheat agronomic trials run at the Nagygombos experimental site (Hungary) the effect of water availability has been studied. The location represents the typical average lowland conditions of the country, the annual precipitation of the experimental site belonging to the 550–600 mm belt of the Northern edges of the Great Hungarian Plain, while the average depth of groundwater varies between 2 to 3 metres. Crop years with various precipitation patterns have had different impacts on crop yield quality and quantity. Yield figures were in positive correlation with annual precipitation in general. Water availability had diverse influence on quality manifestation. Good water supply has often resulted in poorer grain quality, especially wet gluten and Hagberg values have been affected by that. Drought reduced the amount of yield in general, but contributed to a better quality manifestation in some of the crop years.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

scholarly journals Implication of O2 dynamics for both N2O and CH4 emissions from soil during biological soil disinfestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xuehong Ma ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Guitong Li ◽  
Kun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Hypoxic Fraction ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractSoil O2 dynamics have significant influences on greenhouse gas emissions during soil management practice. In this study, we deployed O2-specific planar optodes to visualize spatiotemporal distribution of O2 in soils treated with biological soil disinfestation (BSD). This study aimed to reveal the role of anoxia development on emissions of N2O and CH4 from soil amended with crop residues during BSD period. The incorporation of crop residues includes wheat straw only, wheat straw with biochar and early straw incorporation. The anoxia in soil developed very fast within 3 days, while the O2 in headspace decreased much slower and it became anaerobic after 5 days, which was significantly affected by straw and biochar additions. The N2O emissions were positively correlated with soil hypoxic fraction. The CH4 emissions were not significant until the anoxia dominated in both soil and headspace. The co-application of biochar with straw delayed the anoxia development and extended the hypoxic area in soil, resulting in lower emissions of N2O and CH4. Those results highlight that the soil O2 dynamic was the key variable triggering the N2O and CH4 productions. Therefore, detailed information of soil O2 availability could be highly beneficial for optimizing the strategies of organic amendments incorporation in the BSD technique.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document