scholarly journals Validation of motion tracking as tool for observational toothbrushing studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244678
Author(s):  
Carolina Ganss ◽  
Patrick Klein ◽  
Katja Giese-Kraft ◽  
Michael Meyners
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Automated Tracking ◽  
Suitable Tool ◽  
Median Proportion ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Powered Toothbrush ◽  
And Training ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Video observation (VO) is an established tool for observing toothbrushing behaviour, however, it is a subjective method requiring thorough calibration and training, and the toothbrush position is not always clearly visible. As automated tracking of motions may overcome these disadvantages, the study aimed to compare observational data of habitual toothbrushing as well as of post-instruction toothbrushing obtained from motion tracking (MT) to observational data obtained from VO. One-hundred-three subjects (37.4±14.7 years) were included and brushed their teeth with a manual (MB; n = 51) or a powered toothbrush (PB; n = 52) while being simultaneously video-filmed and tracked. Forty-six subjects were then instructed how to brush their teeth systematically and were filmed/tracked for a second time. Videos were analysed with INTERACT (Mangold, Germany); parameters of interest were toothbrush position, brushing time, changes between areas (events) and the Toothbrushing Systematic Index (TSI). Overall, the median proportion (min; max) of identically classified toothbrush positions (both sextant/surface correct) in a brushing session was 87.8% (50.0; 96.9), which was slightly higher for MB compared to PB (90.3 (50.0; 96.9) vs 86.5 (63.7; 96.5) resp.; p = 0.005). The number of events obtained from MT was higher than from VO (p < 0.001) with a moderate to high correlation between them (MB: ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001; PB: ρ = 0.87; p < 0.001). After instruction, both methods revealed a significant increase of the TSI regardless of the toothbrush type (p < 0.001 each). Motion tracking is a suitable tool for observing toothbrushing behaviour, is able to measure improvements after instruction, and can be used with both manual and powered toothbrushes.

The Proportions, Regulations, and Training Plans of Male Midwives Worldwide: A Descriptive Study of 77 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Masana Sannomiya ◽  
Emi Sasagawa ◽  
Naoko Hikita ◽  
Kaori Yonezawa ◽  
Megumi Haruna
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Median Proportion ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
E Mail ◽  
And Training

ObjectivesThe proportions of male midwives as well as regulations and training plans targeting male midwives were investigated.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to 109 United Nations member countries where midwifery associations had opened their e-mail addresses. Respondents were persons in charge of midwifery education or policy recommended by midwifery associations, researchers, or acquaintances. The questionnaire inquired about the number of midwives and obstetrician-gynecologists by gender in the country, as well as regulations and training plans relevant to male ones. For those countries that either failed to respond or provided insufficient information, supplemental Internet searches were conducted.ResultsData from 77 countries were analyzed (57 countries returned the questionnaires, and data on another 20 were obtained through Internet searches). Of the 19 countries without male midwives, five did not allow men to become midwives. In 37 countries with male midwives whose proportion data were available, the median proportion was 0.63%. Respondents in 13 countries described regulations respecting women who unwanted care by male midwives and in other two explained training plans for male midwives considering their specific characteristics.ConclusionThe proportion of male midwives is small, and regulations and training plans for male midwives varied depending on social content in countries.

Police Officer Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: An Analysis of Observational Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina DeJong ◽  
Amanda Burgess-Proctor ◽  
Lori Elis
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
And Training

This article explores police officer perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) using observational data from police ride-alongs. We performed a qualitative analysis of narrative data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) to examine officers’ views of IPV as well as whether policing philosophy is related to officers’ attitudes toward IPV. Results indicate that POPN officers expressed problematic views of IPV (including simplification of IPV, victim blaming, patriarchal attitudes toward women, and presumption of victim noncooperation) as well as progressive views of IPV (including recognition of the complexity of IPV, awareness of barriers to leaving, and consideration of IPV as serious and worthy of police intervention). Additionally, our analysis offers tentative support for a relationship between policing philosophy and officers’ attitudes toward IPV. While this study is largely exploratory, we address the implications of our findings both for police practice and training and for future research.

scholarly journals The different patterns of the dropout according to the level and the field of education

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Dorina Anna Toth ◽  
Marianna Szemerszki ◽  
Timea Cegledi ◽  
Barbara Mate-Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Background Variable ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
And Training ◽  
Informational System

Background and aims Our research is a part of a complex dropout research, whose main aim is to examine the time changes, social and regional inequalities, and constitutional differentiation of student dropout, appearing on a large scale and causing individual and institutional loss. As a part of this, the aim of our research on one hand is to identify the training fields and training levels with high dropout risk, furthermore to draw the patterns of dropout based on the available countrywide data. Methods We analyzed the database of the Hungarian Higher Education Informational System for our research, especially considering the students starting their training, based on final exam. We examined the most important features of advancements in studies, furthermore the occurring recoils. Considering our data, the measure of dropout remarkable differs based on the training fields and schedule, training, finances and some demographically background variable as well, taking the measure of dropout and its reasons into account. During our analysis, we separated three main types of the dropout’s reasons: financial reasons, study inefficiency, and dropout caused by other reasons. Results In this study, we examine these types and their characteristics in three different training levels: Bachelor degree programs, undivided, long-cycle Master courses, and short-cycle higher education vocational training. Discussion Almost one third of the students end up joining the group of dropout in all kind of training type, especially critical period is from the second to the fifth semester. The most endangered are males, correspondent students, fee-paying students, participants of higher education vocational training, furthermore the students of science and students of IT fields.

scholarly journals Data on toothbrushing study comparing infrared-based motion tracking versus video observation

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 105867
Author(s):  
Michael Wolf ◽  
Patrick Klein ◽  
Reiner Engelmohr ◽  
Jasmin Erb ◽  
René Gübler
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Video Observation

Determinants of participating in training: a Canadian-based analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Robert Weaver ◽  
Nazim Habibov
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate and compare the across-time individual and contextual factors influencing the participation of Canadian residents in adult education and training during the 1990s and the early twenty-first century. This era is characterized by the social investment state (SIS), a policy paradigm adopted by various developed nations throughout the world, including Canada, during the latter part of the twentieth century. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed data obtained from the 1994, 1998, and 2003 versions of the Adult Education and Training Survey, which is administered by Statistics Canada. They employed binomial logit regression so as to predict the likelihood of the respondents participating in training. Findings Participants whose level of education was below the post-secondary level were less likely to participate in training, as were adult residents of households in which pre-school children also lived. These findings occurred across all three periods of data collection. Furthermore, urban residents exhibited an increasingly greater likelihood to participate in training across-time. Research limitations/implications Future studies should consider the funding source for training, be it from the public or private sector, and how this may affect participation. The impact that various types of training have on employment and earning patterns in developed nations should also be further assessed. Originality/value This study, with its use of the most recent available data to analyze across-time changes in the determinants of participating in training in Canada, has contributed to the knowledge base regarding the SIS in Canada and how it compares to its European counterparts.

scholarly journals Enhanced Training Benefits of Video Recording Surgery With Automated Hand Motion Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. Mackenzie ◽  
Shiming Yang ◽  
Evan Garofalo ◽  
Peter Fu-Ming Hu ◽  
Darcy Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background Hand motion analysis by video recording during surgery has potential for evaluation of surgical performance. The aim was to identify how technical skill during open surgery can be measured unobtrusively by video recording during a surgical procedure. We hypothesized that procedural-step timing, hand movements, instrument use and Shannon entropy differ with expertise and training and are concordant with a performance-based validated individual procedure score. Methods Surgeon and non-surgeon participants with varying training and levels of expertise were video recorded performing axillary artery exposure and control (AA) on un-preserved cadavers. Color-coded gloves permitted motion-tracking and automated extraction of entropy data from recordings. Timing and instrument-use metrics were obtained through observational video reviews. Shannon entropy measured speed, acceleration and direction by computer-vision algorithms. Findings were compared with individual procedure score for AA performance Results Experts had lowest entropy values, idle time, active time and shorter time to divide pectoralis minor, using fewer instruments. Residents improved with training, without reaching expert levels, and showed deterioration 12–18 months later. Individual procedure scores mirrored these results. Non-surgeons differed substantially. Conclusions Hand motion entropy and timing metrics discriminate levels of surgical skill and training, and these findings are congruent with individual procedure score evaluations. These measures can be collected using consumer-level cameras and analyzed automatically with free software. Hand motion with video timing data may have widespread application to evaluate resident performance and can contribute to the range of evaluation and testing modalities available to educators, training course designers and surgical quality assurance programs.

Current status of special planetary and lunar theories and ephemerides

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Numerical Errors

An examination of some specialized lunar and planetary ephemerides has revealed inconsistencies in the adopted planetary masses, the presence of non-gravitational terms, and some outright numerical errors. They should be considered of temporary usefulness only, subject to subsequent amendment as required for the interpretation of observational data.

July 11, 1991 Eclipse Corona Photometry by the Results of Electropolarimetric and CCD-Matrix Observations

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 567-569
Author(s):  
V. Kulidzanishvili ◽  
D. Georgobiani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Solar Limb ◽  
Ccd Matrix

AbstractThe observational data of July 11, 1991 eclipse solar corona obtained by both electropolarimeter (EP) and CCD-matrix were processed. Using these data, the solar corona photometry was carried out. The results of EP data are compared with the ones of CCD data. It must be noted here that the CCD data give us only characteristics of the inner corona, while the EP data show the features of both the inner and middle corona up to 4R⊙. Standard flattening indexϵis evaluated from both data. The dependence of the flattening index on the distance from the solar limb is investigated. The isophotes in Na and Ca lines are plotted. Based on these data some ideas and conclusions on the type of the solar corona are presented.

On The Radii of Ap Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Catalano ◽  
G. Strazzulla
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Main Sequence Stars ◽  
Ap Stars

SummaryFrom the analysis of the observational data of about 100 Ap stars, the radii have been computed under the assumption that Ap are main sequence stars. Radii range from 1.4 to 4.9 solar units. These values are all compatible with the Deutsch's period versus line-width relation.

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