scholarly journals Harmonic organisation conveys both universal and culture-specific cues for emotional expression in music

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244964
Author(s):  
George Athanasopoulos ◽  
Tuomas Eerola ◽  
Imre Lahdelma ◽  
Maximos Kaliakatsos-Papakostas
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pitch Height ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Minor Mode ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Time Harmonic ◽  
Cultural Connotations

Previous research conducted on the cross-cultural perception of music and its emotional content has established that emotions can be communicated across cultures at least on a rudimentary level. Here, we report a cross-cultural study with participants originating from two tribes in northwest Pakistan (Khow and Kalash) and the United Kingdom, with both groups being naïve to the music of the other respective culture. We explored how participants assessed emotional connotations of various Western and non-Western harmonisation styles, and whether cultural familiarity with a harmonic idiom such as major and minor mode would consistently relate to emotion communication. The results indicate that Western concepts of harmony are not relevant for participants unexposed to Western music when other emotional cues (tempo, pitch height, articulation, timbre) are kept relatively constant. At the same time, harmonic style alone has the ability to colour the emotional expression in music if it taps the appropriate cultural connotations. The preference for one harmonisation style over another, including the major-happy/minor-sad distinction, is influenced by culture. Finally, our findings suggest that although differences emerge across different harmonisation styles, acoustic roughness influences the expression of emotion in similar ways across cultures; preference for consonance however seems to be dependent on cultural familiarity.

Supporting Natural Helpers: A Cross-Cultural Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kelley ◽  
Verne R. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Natural Helper ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Helpers ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between professional and natural helpers was the subject of similar studies in Iowa and in Ireland and the United Kingdom. As a result, several clusters of natural helpers were identified and a model for professional-natural helper cooperation was developed.

Emotional expression of noise: A cross-cultural study

1991 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kuwano ◽  
S. Namba ◽  
T. Hashimoto ◽  
B. Berglund ◽  
Zheng Da Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

Battle of Wits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Holbrook ◽  
Lucía López-Rodríguez ◽  
Ángel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
State Anger ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Biased Perception

Political conservatism and threat salience have been consistently associated with intergroup bias. However, prior research has not examined potential effects of conservatism and/or threat on the attribution of relative in-group/out-group intelligence. In a cross-cultural study conducted in Spain and the United Kingdom, priming violent conflict with ISIS led participants to view an in-group ally as relatively more intelligent than an out-group adversary, in an effect mediated by feelings of anger (but not fear or general arousal). Conservatism similarly predicted biased perception of the ally’s relative intellect, a tendency that was driven by militaristic (not social/fiscal) political attitudes but was not explained by associated increases in state anger following conflict cues. This overall pattern indicates that conflict cues and militaristic political orientation heighten assessments of relative intergroup intellect during warfare via distinct affective and attitudinal pathways.

scholarly journals Social representation of hearing aids: cross-cultural study in India, Iran, Portugal, and the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinaya Manchaiah ◽  
Berth Danermark ◽  
Tayebeh Ahmadi ◽  
David Tomé ◽  
Rajalakshmi Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

scholarly journals Emotions Across Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Gizem Kamiloglu ◽  
Yongqi Cong ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Disa Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Nonverbal Expression ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Evolved Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Cross

What can evolutionary theories tell us about emotions, and how can research on emotions inform evolutionary theories? In this chapter, we discuss links between evolutionary theories of emotion and the cross-cultural study of emotion. We examine what predictions can be derived from evolutionary theories about cross-cultural consistency and variability. In particular, we emphasise the notion that evolved psychological mechanisms result in cultural differences instantiated as variations on common themes of human universals. We focus on two components of emotions: emotion experience and nonverbal expressions. Several case studies from emotion science are outlined to illustrate this framework empirically. In the domain of emotion experience, we highlight shame as an illustration of the idea of variations occurring across cultures around a common theme. In the domain of nonverbal expression of emotion, this idea is illustrated by the in-group advantage, that is, superior recognition of emotional expressions produced by members of one's own group. We consider both statistical learning and motivational explanations for this phenomenon in light of evolutionary perspectives. Lastly, we review three different theoretical accounts of how to conceptualise cross-culturally shared themes underlying emotions. We conclude that the cross-cultural study of consistency and variation in different emotion components offers a valuable opportunity for testing predictions derived from evolutionary psychology.

Identification of Emotion from Body Movements: A Cross-Cultural Study of Americans and Japanese

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46E ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Sogon ◽  
Makoto Masutani
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
Japanese Subjects

In the present study American and Japanese subjects' judgments of emotional cues in body movements were compared, when facial information was excluded. Seven fundamental emotions of joy, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, anger, contempt and three affective-cognitive structures for the emotions of affection, anticipation, and acceptance were displayed by four Japanese actors/actresses with their backs turned toward the viewer. The emotions of sadness, fear, and anger as expressed in kinetic movement showed high agreement between the two cultural groups. Joy and surprise, even though they are classified as fundamental emotions, contained some cultural components that affected the judgments. Furthermore, USA subjects successfully identified disgust as portrayed by Japanese actors/actresses, but Japanese subjects did not identify the expressions of disgust or contempt. Affection, anticipation, and acceptance have some cultural components that are interpreted differently by Japanese and Americans, and this accounted for some of the misunderstandings. Nevertheless, most of the scenes depicting emotions and affective-cognitive structures emotions were correctly identified by the subjects of each culture.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Variations in Naïve Psychology among 2-year-olds: A Comparison of Children in the United Kingdom and Singapore

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie R. Cebula ◽  
Ai Keow Lim ◽  
Joanne M. Williams ◽  
Dagmara Annaz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The Uk

AbstractChildren’s understanding of naïve psychology is the main focus of this study. Research evidence suggests that 2- and 3-year-olds understand some aspects of naïve psychology. By 4 years, they develop internal representations of mental states. Previous studies have also reported cross-cultural variations in naïve psychology development. The majority of this research has focused on Western individualistic societies such as Australia, Europe and North America, and Eastern collectivism societies such as China and Japan. Singapore with its blend of Eastern and Western values represents a unique case for comparison with Western societies. This paper reports a cross-cultural study of young children’s developing understanding of naïve psychology in Edinburgh, UK and Singapore. It addresses three main questions: (a) Are there cross-cultural differences in the development of naïve psychology?; (b) What are children’s performance sequences on naïve psychology tasks?; and (c) Are naïve psychology concepts coherent? The participants were 87 children from the UK (n=43, mean age 2 years 4 months) and Singapore (n=44, mean age 2 years 5 months). This study incorporated several established tasks of pretence, desires, emotions, perceptions, appearance-reality and false-beliefs to investigate children’s understanding of non-representational and representational mental states. The results showed no gross cross-cultural differences. However, significant cultural differences in performance on two tasks and differences in the coherence of naïve psychology concepts were identified. The results highlight the importance of considering subtle cultural influences on children’s developing understanding of various aspects of naïve psychology.

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