scholarly journals Minority stress, distress, and suicide attempts in three cohorts of sexual minority adults: A U.S. probability sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246827
Author(s):  
Ilan H. Meyer ◽  
Stephen T. Russell ◽  
Phillip L. Hammack ◽  
David M. Frost ◽  
Bianca D. M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minority People

During the past 50 years, there have been marked improvement in the social and legal environment of sexual minorities in the United States. Minority stress theory predicts that health of sexual minorities is predicated on the social environment. As the social environment improves, exposure to stress would decline and health outcomes would improve. We assessed how stress, identity, connectedness with the LGBT community, and psychological distress and suicide behavior varied across three distinct cohorts of sexual minority people in the United States. Using a national probability sample recruited in 2016 and 2017, we assessed three a priori defined cohorts of sexual minorities we labeled the pride (born 1956–1963), visibility (born 1974–1981), and equality (born 1990–1997) cohorts. We found significant and impressive cohort differences in coming out milestones, with members of the younger cohort coming out much earlier than members of the two older cohorts. But we found no signs that the improved social environment attenuated their exposure to minority stressors—both distal stressors, such as violence and discrimination, and proximal stressors, such as internalized homophobia and expectations of rejection. Psychological distress and suicide behavior also were not improved, and indeed were worse for the younger than the older cohorts. These findings suggest that changes in the social environment had limited impact on stress processes and mental health for sexual minority people. They speak to the endurance of cultural ideologies such as homophobia and heterosexism and accompanying rejection of and violence toward sexual minorities.

Children of Same-Sex Couples

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Debra M. Perez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Blended Families ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Minority People

As the United States becomes more accepting of sexual minority people, more opportunities have become available for same-sex couples to become parents. Blended families with a new stepparent, planned families via insemination, as well as adoption and fostering are changing what defines a family. As the definition of a family changes, so must the ways in which schools interact with each family type. The shared experiences of sexual minority parents and their children are explored, and recommendations for schools are made.

scholarly journals Abolition: A New Paradigm for Reform

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Marina Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Conditions

Abstract The catastrophic failure of the prison system in the United States has prompted a shift in criminal punishment system rhetoric and policy toward reform. Numerous programs and initiatives facilitate reentry for the hundreds of thousands of individuals coming out of prison every year, but these and other reforms remain problematic. They do little to improve the social and material conditions of those attempting to reintegrate. By failing to question the social, historical, political, and economic conditions of criminal system problems, they reproduce the oppressive social conditions that they are intended to address. This article diagnoses several major issues with conventional reform efforts in rehabilitation and reentry scholarship and praxis and argues that what is needed is not further attempts to improve these reforms but, rather, an approach that considers these problems through an abolitionist lens. An abolitionist frame, I suggest, is particularly useful in articulating suggestions for change. I apply an abolitionist analysis to an examination of reentry, illustrating how abolitionism helps to diagnose problematic reentry reforms and how an abolitionist approach to reentry can address these issues in a more effective, profound, and enduring way.

Children of Same-Sex Couples

2022 ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Debra M. Perez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Blended Families ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Minority People

As the United States becomes more accepting of sexual minority people, more opportunities have become available for same-sex couples to become parents. Blended families with a new stepparent, planned families via insemination, as well as adoption and fostering are changing what defines a family. As the definition of a family changes, so must the ways in which schools interact with each family type. The shared experiences of sexual minority parents and their children are explored, and recommendations for schools are made.

Rationale and Design of a Remote Web-Based Daily Diary Study Examining Sexual Minority Stress, Relationship Factors, and Alcohol Use in Same-Sex Female Couples Across the United States: Study Protocol of Project Relate (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E Heron ◽  
Robin J Lewis ◽  
Alexander T Shappie ◽  
Charlotte A Dawson ◽  
Rachel Amerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Sexual Minority Stress

BACKGROUND The Healthy People 2020 initiative aims to reduce health disparities, including alcohol use, among sexual minority women (SMW; eg, lesbian, bisexual, queer, and pansexual). Compared with heterosexual women, SMW engage in more hazardous drinking and report more alcohol-related problems. Sexual minority stress (ie, the unique experiences associated with stigmatization and marginalization) has been associated with alcohol use among SMW. Among heterosexuals, relationship factors (eg, partner violence and drinking apart vs together) have also been associated with alcohol use. Negative affect has also been identified as a contributor to alcohol use. To date, most studies examining alcohol use among SMW have used cross-sectional or longitudinal designs. OBJECTIVE Project Relate was designed to increase our understanding of alcohol use among young SMW who are at risk for alcohol problems. The primary objectives of this study are to identify daily factors, as well as potential person-level risk and protective factors, which may contribute to alcohol use in SMW. Secondary objectives include examining other physical and mental concerns in this sample (eg, other substance use, eating, physical activity, and stress). METHODS Both partners of a female same-sex couple (aged 18-35 years; n=150 couples) are being enrolled in the study following preliminary screening by a market research firm that specializes in recruiting sexual minority individuals. Web-based surveys are being used to collect information about the primary constructs of interest (daily experiences of alcohol use, sexual minority stress, relationship interactions, and mood) as well as secondary measures of other physical and mental health constructs. Data are collected entirely remotely from women across the United States. Each member of eligible couples completes a baseline survey and then 14 days of daily surveys each morning. Data will be analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. RESULTS To date, 208 women (ie, 104 couples) were successfully screened and enrolled into the study. In total, 164 women have completed the 14-day daily protocol. Compliance with completing the daily diaries has been excellent, with participants on average completing 92% of the daily diaries. Data collection will be completed in fall 2018, with results published as early as 2019 or 2020. CONCLUSIONS Project Relate is designed to increase our understanding of between- and within-person processes underlying hazardous drinking in understudied, at-risk SMW. The study includes a remote daily diary methodology to provide insight into variables that may be associated with daily hazardous alcohol use. Before the development of programs that address hazardous alcohol use among young SMW, there is a need for better understanding of individual and dyadic variables that contribute to risk in this population. The unique challenges of recruiting and enrolling SMW from across the United States in a daily diary study are discussed. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11718

scholarly journals Issues concerning relations between business and society in teaching Business History in the United States and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jastrząb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Role Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Business History ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social

Based on empirical material in the form of case studies prepared at Harvard Business School and Kozminski University, the article analyses the content of teaching materials in the field of business history. The Harvard case studies served as a model for the Polish ones. In contrast to the United States, at Kozminski University and in other Polish business schools, business history is not taught as a separate subject. The article puts forward the thesis that history education could provide an opportunity for future managers to broaden their knowledge of the social environment in which they will operate and to shape attitudes of responsibility for the social consequences of decisions made. However, this opportunity remains largely untapped in both the United States and Poland. American teaching materials are still influenced by the Chandlerian paradigm, and therefore they focus on the evolution of structures and changes in the strategy of large multinational corporations. These materials present students with role models of successful entrepreneurs and companies. Their social environment is presented in a sketchy manner, and questions about the motivations of human actions or hierarchies of values are rarely asked. The teaching materials also shy away from questions about the social consequences of managerial decisions. This is so, despite the fact that scientific publications are moving away from concentrating solely on the centre of global capitalism, the history of the largest corporations, and the treatment of the social environment as a variable on which the entrepreneur or company have no influence. Business history as a scientific discipline in Poland is still at an early stage of development. However, one can notice a gap between research and teaching similar to the one that exists in the USA: there are works critically analysing the period of transformation and showing the peripheral character of Polish capitalism as well as the social consequences of this peripheral nature that are completely ignored in teaching.

School-Age Coping: Themes Across Three Generations of Sexual Minorities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Simons ◽  
Melissa Ramdas ◽  
Stephen T. Russell
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
Helping Professionals ◽  
School Age ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
At Risk Student ◽  
Minority People

Sexual minority youth (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer) are at-risk student population, and school counselors are responsible for helping them cope in a heterosexist society. This article reports the qualitative findings of a study that examined the process of coping during the school-age years among 81 sexual minority people. Data were collected across three cohorts of participants (a Marriage Equality cohort, an HIV/AIDS epidemic cohort, and a Stonewall Rebellion cohort). The authors identified five themes across all cohorts from the interviews: influence of relationships; experiencing emotions; coming out; actions to cope with being a sexual minority, including involvement in extracurricular activities; and cognitive coping (younger participants). Implications for school counseling practice and research are provided for educators, researchers, and helping professionals.

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