scholarly journals Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248931
Author(s):  
Stephen Vander Hoorn ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Lee Nedkoff ◽  
Graeme J. Hankey ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken for a cohort of 4249 men aged 70 years and above between 2001 and 2004. We examined the association between 1-year average pollutant concentrations with blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and total homocysteine. Linear regression analyses were carried out, with adjustment for confounding, as well as an assessment of potential effect modification. The four pollutants examined were fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. We found that a 2.25 μg/m3 higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a 1.1 percent lower high-density cholesterol (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 0.1) and 4.0 percent higher serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6). Effect modification of these associations by diabetes history was apparent. We found no evidence of an association between any of the remaining risk factors or biomarkers with measures of outdoor air pollution. These findings indicate that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol. This requires further investigation to determine the reasons for this association.

scholarly journals Association of Cardiovascular Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the Southeastern United States

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
R. Burciaga Valdez ◽  
Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Darryl B. Hood ◽  
Wansoo Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Ambient Levels

There is a well-documented association between ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Exposure to PM2.5 can cause premature death and harmful and chronic health effects such as heart attack, diabetes, and stroke. The Environmental Protection Agency sets annual PM2.5 standards to reduce these negative health effects. Currently above an annual average level of 12.0 µg/m is considered unhealthy. Methods. We examined the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and CVD in a cohort of 44,610 individuals who resided in 12 states recruited into the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The SCCS was designed to recruit Black and White participants who received care from Federally Qualified Health Centers; hence, they represent vulnerable individuals from low-income families across this vast region. This study tests whether SCCS participants who lived in locations exposed to elevated ambient levels of PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to report a history of CVD at enrollment (2002–2009). Remotely sensed satellite data integrated with ground monitoring data provide an assessment of the average annual PM2.5 in urban and rural locations where the SCCS participants resided. We used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the associations between self-reported CVD and exposure to elevated ambient levels of PM2.5. Results. We found a 13.4 percent increase in the odds of reported CVD with exposure to unhealthy levels of PM2.5 exposure at enrollment. The SCCS participants with medical histories of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking had, overall, 385 percent higher odds of reported CVD than those without these clinical risk factors. Additionally, Black participants were more likely to live in locations with higher ambient PM2.5 concentrations and report high levels of clinical risk factors, thus, they may be at a greater future risk of CVD. Conclusions: In the SCCS participants, we found a strong relation between exposures to high ambient levels of PM2.5 and self-reported CVD at enrollment.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular disease ten years after preeclampsia

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivete Cristina Teixeira Canti ◽  
Márcia Komlós ◽  
Sérgio Hofmeister Martins-Costa ◽  
José Geraldo Lopes Ramos ◽  
Edison Capp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nulliparous Women

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a gestational disease that occurs mainly among nulliparous women after the 20th week of gestation, and frequently close to delivery. The effects of preeclampsia on women's blood pressure over the long term are still controversial. Patients with recurrent preeclampsia or preeclampsia in the early stages of pregnancy appear to present higher risk of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among women with preeclampsia 10 years earlier. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). METHODS: Forty women with preeclampsia and 14 normotensive pregnant women followed up 10 or more years earlier at HCPA underwent clinical and laboratory examinations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic pressures. The risk of developing hypertension was measured using the chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The patients with preeclampsia 10 or more years earlier had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.047), BMI (P = 0.019) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.026). They presented positive correlations between BMI and diastolic blood pressure (0.341; P = 0.031) and between BMI and systolic blood pressure (0.407; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The patients with preeclampsia 10 or more years earlier had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, BMI and abdominal circumference than did the control group. This emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up assessment for cardiovascular risk factors among patients with preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, Blood Pressure, and Incident Hypertension in Taiwanese Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 017008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
Cui Guo ◽  
Alexis K.H. Lau ◽  
Ta-Chien Chan ◽  
Yuan Chieh Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: Comparison of assessment methods for long-term exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. McGuinn ◽  
Cavin Ward-Caviness ◽  
Lucas M. Neas ◽  
Alexandra Schneider ◽  
Qian Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Considerably decreased risk of cardiovascular disease with combined reductions in HbA1c, blood pressure and blood lipids in type 2 diabetes: Report from the Swedish National Diabetes Register

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Eeg-Olofsson ◽  
Björn Zethelius ◽  
Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir ◽  
Björn Eliasson ◽  
Ann-Marie Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Baseline Hba1c ◽  
Diabetes Register

Objectives: Assess the effect of risk factors changes on risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes selected from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Methods: Observational study of 13,477 females and males aged 30–75 years, with baseline HbA1c 41–67 mmol/mol, systolic blood pressure 122–154 mmHg and ratio non-HDL:HDL 1.7–4.1, followed for mean 6.5 years until 2012. Four groups were created: a reference group ( n = 6757) with increasing final versus baseline HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and non-HDL:HDL cholesterol during the study period, and three groups with decreasing HbA1c ( n = 1925), HbA1c and systolic blood pressure ( n = 2050) or HbA1c and systolic blood pressure and non-HDL:HDL ( n = 2745). Results: Relative risk reduction for fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease was 35% with decrease in HbA1c only (mean 6 to final 49 mmol/mol), 56% with decrease in HbA1c and systolic blood pressure (mean 12 to final 128 mmHg) and 75% with combined decreases in HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and non-HDL:HDL (mean 0.8 to final 2.1), all p < 0.001 adjusting for clinical characteristics, other risk factors, treatments and previous cardiovascular disease. Similar risk reductions were found for fatal/nonfatal coronary heart disease, fatal cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality and also in a subgroup of 3038 patients with albuminuria. Conclusion: Considerable risk reductions for cardiovascular disease and mortality were seen with combined long-term risk factor improvement.

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