scholarly journals Association of Cardiovascular Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the Southeastern United States

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
R. Burciaga Valdez ◽  
Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabai ◽  
Darryl B. Hood ◽  
Wansoo Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Ambient Levels

There is a well-documented association between ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Exposure to PM2.5 can cause premature death and harmful and chronic health effects such as heart attack, diabetes, and stroke. The Environmental Protection Agency sets annual PM2.5 standards to reduce these negative health effects. Currently above an annual average level of 12.0 µg/m is considered unhealthy. Methods. We examined the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and CVD in a cohort of 44,610 individuals who resided in 12 states recruited into the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The SCCS was designed to recruit Black and White participants who received care from Federally Qualified Health Centers; hence, they represent vulnerable individuals from low-income families across this vast region. This study tests whether SCCS participants who lived in locations exposed to elevated ambient levels of PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to report a history of CVD at enrollment (2002–2009). Remotely sensed satellite data integrated with ground monitoring data provide an assessment of the average annual PM2.5 in urban and rural locations where the SCCS participants resided. We used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the associations between self-reported CVD and exposure to elevated ambient levels of PM2.5. Results. We found a 13.4 percent increase in the odds of reported CVD with exposure to unhealthy levels of PM2.5 exposure at enrollment. The SCCS participants with medical histories of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking had, overall, 385 percent higher odds of reported CVD than those without these clinical risk factors. Additionally, Black participants were more likely to live in locations with higher ambient PM2.5 concentrations and report high levels of clinical risk factors, thus, they may be at a greater future risk of CVD. Conclusions: In the SCCS participants, we found a strong relation between exposures to high ambient levels of PM2.5 and self-reported CVD at enrollment.

scholarly journals Fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: Comparison of assessment methods for long-term exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. McGuinn ◽  
Cavin Ward-Caviness ◽  
Lucas M. Neas ◽  
Alexandra Schneider ◽  
Qian Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Disease in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengchao Liang ◽  
Fangchao Liu ◽  
Keyong Huang ◽  
Xueli Yang ◽  
Jianxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248931
Author(s):  
Stephen Vander Hoorn ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Lee Nedkoff ◽  
Graeme J. Hankey ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken for a cohort of 4249 men aged 70 years and above between 2001 and 2004. We examined the association between 1-year average pollutant concentrations with blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and total homocysteine. Linear regression analyses were carried out, with adjustment for confounding, as well as an assessment of potential effect modification. The four pollutants examined were fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. We found that a 2.25 μg/m3 higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a 1.1 percent lower high-density cholesterol (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 0.1) and 4.0 percent higher serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6). Effect modification of these associations by diabetes history was apparent. We found no evidence of an association between any of the remaining risk factors or biomarkers with measures of outdoor air pollution. These findings indicate that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol. This requires further investigation to determine the reasons for this association.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Isolated Side Branch Coronary Artery Disease

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110280
Author(s):  
Sukru Arslan ◽  
Ahmet Yildiz ◽  
Okay Abaci ◽  
Urfan Jafarov ◽  
Servet Batit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The data with respect to stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are mainly confined to main vessel disease. However, there is a lack of information and long-term outcomes regarding isolated side branch disease. This study aimed to evaluate long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with isolated side branch coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 437 patients with isolated side branch SCAD were included. After a median follow-up of 38 months, the overall MACCE and all-cause mortality rates were 14.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Among angiographic features, 68.2% of patients had diagonal artery and 82.2% had ostial lesions. In 28.8% of patients, the vessel diameter was ≥2.75 mm. According to the American College of Cardiology lesion classification, 84.2% of patients had either class B or C lesions. Age, ostial lesions, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and neutrophil levels were independent predictors of MACCE. On the other hand, side branch location, vessel diameter, and lesion complexity did not affect outcomes. Clinical risk factors seem to have a greater impact on MACCE rather than lesion morphology. Therefore, the treatment of clinical risk factors is of paramount importance in these patients.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of lower bone mineral density in predicting adverse cardiovascular disease in Asian women

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-318764
Author(s):  
Jiesuck Park ◽  
Yeonyee Elizabeth Yoon ◽  
Kyoung Min Kim ◽  
In-Chang Hwang ◽  
Wonjae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Incremental Prognostic Value

ObjectiveWe investigated whether the evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) provides independent and incremental prognostic value for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in women.MethodsA total of 12 681 women aged 50–80 years (mean, 63.0±7.8 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were retrospectively analysed. We assessed the hazard ratio (HR) for ASCVD events (ASCVD death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) according to the BMD or a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis, with adjustment for clinical risk factors, including age, body mass index, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, current smoking and previous fracture. We also evaluated whether the addition of BMD or a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis to clinical risk factors improved the prediction for ASCVD events.ResultsIn total, 468 women (3.7%) experienced ASCVD events during follow-up (median, 9.2 years). Lower BMD at the lumbar spine, femur neck and total hip was independently associated with higher risk for ASCVD events (adjusted HR per 1-standard deviation decrease in BMD: 1.16, p<0.001; 1.29, p<0.001; 1.38, p<0.001; respectively). A clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis was also independently associated with higher risk for ASCVD events (adjusted HR: 1.79, p<0.001). The addition of BMD or a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis to clinical risk factors demonstrated significant incremental value in discriminating ASCVD events (addition of total hip BMD, p for difference <0.001).ConclusionThe evaluation of BMD provides independent and incremental prognostic value for ASCVD in women and thus may improve risk stratification in women.

Short-term and long-term exposures to fine particulate matter constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 874-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zengliang Ruan ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Yin Yang ◽  
Tonya G. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

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