scholarly journals The association of pregnancy control, emotions, and beliefs with pregnancy desires: A new perspective on pregnancy intentions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249032
Author(s):  
Meredith G. Manze ◽  
Diana R. Romero ◽  
Prabal De ◽  
Josette Hartnett ◽  
Lynn Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Quota Sampling

Context Standard pregnancy intentions measures do not always align with how people approach pregnancy. Studies that have investigated beyond a binary framework found that those with “ambivalent” feelings towards pregnancy are less likely to use contraception consistently, but the reasons for this are unclear. We sought to gain a nuanced understanding of pregnancy desires, and how perceptions about pregnancy are associated with contraceptive use. Methods We used non-probability quota sampling based on sex, age, and geographic region for a web-based survey of heterosexual men and women, aged 21–44 years, who could become pregnant/impregnate and were not currently pregnant (n = 1,477; 51% female). The survey was created using unique items informed by recent literature. Bivariate and multivariable analyses explored relationships between various perceptions about pregnancy with pregnancy desires categorized as: wanting a pregnancy, not wanting a pregnancy, and not trying but would be okay with a pregnancy. We conducted a sub-group analysis of those who were not trying but would be okay with a pregnancy (n = 460), using descriptive statistics to examine how consistent contraceptive use was associated with emotions and beliefs about avoiding pregnancy. Results After adjustment, those who felt that pregnancy may not always be avoidable, but instead determined by fate/higher power, or a natural process that happens when it is meant to, were significantly more likely (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.05–3.36; aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.29–3.76, respectively) to report not trying but being okay with pregnancy, whereas those with negative feelings about a pregnancy were less likely to feel okay about a pregnancy (aOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08–0.15), versus not wanting a pregnancy. In the sub-group analysis, those who felt pregnancy was determined by fate/higher power or a natural process were more likely to report not using contraception consistently (70%, 68%, respectively). Conclusions Those who state they are not trying but would be okay with pregnancy may not use contraception consistently because of beliefs that pregnancy is predetermined. Our findings support less categorical and more multidimensional approaches to measuring fertility intentions, with important implications for reproductive health service provision.

Contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions among transgender men presenting to a clinic for sex workers and their families in San Francisco

Contraception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cipres ◽  
Dominika Seidman ◽  
Charles Cloniger ◽  
Cyd Nova ◽  
Anita O'Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals HIV-1 provirus transcription and translation in macrophages differs from pre-integrated cDNA complexes and requires E2F transcriptional programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albebson L. Lim ◽  
Philip Moos ◽  
Christopher D. Pond ◽  
Erica C. Larson ◽  
Laura J. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractHIV-1 cDNA pre-integration complexes have been shown to persist for weeks in macrophages and to be transcriptionally active. Early and late gene transcripts are produced, along with some viral proteins, yet whole virus is not. While previous work has focused on the transcription and translation of HIV-1 genes; our understanding of cellular milieu that accompanies viral production is incomplete. We have used an in vitro system to model HIV-1 infection of macrophages, and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare the transcriptomes of uninfected cells, cells harboring pre-integration HIV-1 complexes (PIC) and those containing integrated provirus and actively making late HIV proteins. These are also compared to control cells, not exposed to virus.Several observations provide new perspective on the effects of HIV-1 transcription from pre-integrated cDNA versus from integrated provirus. First, HIV-1 transcript levels do not necessarily correlate with virus production, cells harboring PIC cDNA have transcript loads comparable to cells transcribing from provirus and making p24, mCherry, and vpu proteins. Second, all HIV-1 transcripts are easily detectable in abundance from PIC cDNA transcription, as is the case with cells transcribing from provirus, although the frequency of PIC cells with detectable gag-pol, tat, env, and nef transcripts is higher than the corresponding frequencies observed for “Provirus cells”. Third, the background transcriptomes of cells harboring pre- integrated HIV-1 cDNA are not otherwise detectably altered from cells not containing any HIV- 1 transcript. Fourth, integration and production of p24, mCherry, and Vpu proteins is accompanied by a switch from transcriptomes characterized by NFkB and AP-1 promoted transcription to a transcriptome characterized by E2F family transcription products. While some of these observations may seem heretical, single cell analysis provides a more nuanced understanding of PIC cDNA transcription and the transcriptomic changes that support HIV-1 protein production from integrated provirus.Author SummarySingle cell analysis is able to distinguish between HIV-1 infected macrophage cells that are transcribing pre-integrated HIV-1 cDNA and those transcribing HIV-1 provirus. Only cells transcribing HIV-1 provirus are making p24, marker mCherry and Vpu proteins, which corresponds with a change in the host cell’s background transcriptome from one expressing viral restriction and immunological response genes to one that is expressing genes associated with cell replication and oxidative phosphorylation.

“I did not plan … that is what hurts”: Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use among pregnant young women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica N Coleman ◽  
Cecilia Milford ◽  
Nzwakie Mosery ◽  
Karmel W Choi ◽  
Letitia Rambally Greener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Post-abortion fertility desires, contraceptive uptake and unmet need for family planning: voices of post-abortion care clients in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Colin Baynes ◽  
Erick Yegon ◽  
Grace Lusiola ◽  
Japhet Achola ◽  
Rehema Kahando
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Contraceptive Uptake

Abstract Post-abortion care (PAC) integrates elements of care that are vital for women’s survival after abortion complications with intervention components that aid women in controlling their fertility, and provides an optimal window of opportunity to help women meet their family planning goals. Yet, incorporating quality family planning services remains a shortcoming of PAC services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper presents evidence from a mixed method study conducted in Tanzania that aimed at explaining factors that contribute to this challenge. Analysis of data obtained through client exit interviews quantified the level of unmet need for contraception among PAC clients and isolated the factors associated with post-abortion contraceptive uptake. Qualitative data analysis of interviews with a subset of these women explored the multi-level context in which post-abortion pregnancy intentions and contraceptive behaviours are formed. Approximately 30% of women interviewed (N=412) could recall receiving counselling on post-abortion family planning. Nearly two-thirds reported a desire to either space or limit childbearing. Of those who desired to space or limited childbearing, approximately 20% received a contraceptive method before discharge from PAC. The factors significantly associated with post-abortion contraceptive acceptance were completion of primary school, prior use of contraception, receipt of PAC at lower level facilities and recall of post-abortion family planning counselling. Qualitative analysis revealed different layers of contextual influences that shaped women’s fertility desires and contraceptive decision-making during PAC: individual (PAC client), spousal/partner-related, health service-related and societal. While results lend support to the concept that there are opportunities for services to address unmet need for post-abortion family planning, they also attest to the synergistic influences of individual, spousal, organizational and societal factors that influence whether they can be realized during PAC. Several strategies to do so emerged saliently from this analysis. These emphasize customized counselling to enable client–provider communication about fertility preferences, structural intervention aimed at empowering women to assert those objectives in family and health care settings, availability of information and services on post-abortion fertility and contraceptive eligibility in PAC settings and interventions to facilitate constructive spousal communication on family planning and contraceptive use, after abortion and in general.

scholarly journals Does Education Moderate the Relationship between Social Capital and Cognitive Function among Older Adults? Evidence from Suzhou City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6560
Author(s):  
Jingyue Zhang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Wenxiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

While social capital is recognized as an important protective determinant of cognitive function in later life, there is a lack of research examining the potential moderators and mediators in the mechanisms linking social capital to cognitive function. This study investigated the moderating role of education on the relationship between social capital and cognitive function among older adults in urban Chinese communities. Data were derived from a community survey conducted in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, in late 2015. A quota sampling method was applied to recruit respondents aged 60 years or older from 16 communities in the Gusu district. The final analytic sample size was 446. Multiple group analysis was applied to test the proposed model. The results show that cognitive social capital was significantly associated with cognitive function in the high education group only. Structural social capital was not significantly associated with cognitive function. The findings highlight the important role of social capital in influencing cognitive function in later life. Social capital interventions could be particularly useful as a preventive approach to help older adults sustain their cognitive function levels. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.

Harvey's and Highmore's Accounts of Chick Generation

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Ekholm
Keyword(s):  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Attention To Detail

AbstractHarvey and Highmore experimented together on chick fetuses at Oxford in the early 1640s, yet in 1651 published significantly different treatises on generation that emphasize their reliance on observations and dissections of fetal chicks at different stages of incubation. The key differences follow from their views on matter and souls. Harvey conceives of living bodies as governed by Aristotelian souls and faculties. Highmore views matter as made of corpuscles and describes organs as involved in chemical procedures. Highmore's treatise is a response to Digby's claim that heat, moisture, and pressure could explain generation. Although Digby's treatment lacks Harvey's and Highmore's attention to detail, it offers a point of comparison that leads to a more nuanced understanding of their explanation. Moreover, Highmore's dedication of his work to Boyle provides a new perspective on both men's intellectual evolution from the latter part of the 1640s to 1651.

scholarly journals Household intelligent personal assistants in the Netherlands: Exploring privacy concerns around surveillance, security, and platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 135485652110422
Author(s):  
Anouk Mols ◽  
Yijing Wang ◽  
Jason Pridmore
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
Domestic Appliances

Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs), also known as smart speakers, are becoming part of everyday life in more and more households around the world. Phone and household IPAs are integrated in intimate home contexts and require connections to (social) media profiles, user accounts, and domestic appliances. Users can control their household with voice-activated commands in order to make life more convenient and efficient. Yet, IPAs also bring privacy and surveillance concerns about devices “listening in,” the “platformization” of home life, and data security. Our exploratory mixed-methods study provides an in-depth and multidimensional account of users' privacy concerns around the emergence of IPAs in Dutch households. We differentiate between surveillance, security, and platform concerns, and our survey results indicate by which factors these are influenced. The focus group analysis highlights the role of conversation, recordability, locatability, control-ability, and assistance affordances. Our findings present a multidimensional and nuanced understanding of privacy concerns around household IPAs. We indicate how smart home technologies raise concerns about privacy, surveillance, device security, everyday behavior, and platform transparency, topics that demand urgent attention before the integration of IPAs will be fully normalized.

scholarly journals Labour Force Participation and the Likelihood of Abortion in Finland over Three Birth Cohorts

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Väisänen
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions

There is a lack of studies on the association between labour force participation and abortion. This study examined how the likelihood of having an abortion depends on being employed, unemployed, student or outside the workforce using Finnish register data from three birth cohorts (born in 1955-59, 1965-69 and 1975-79) of nearly 260,000 women. The results differed depending on whether all women or only pregnant women were studied and on the cohort analysed. Unemployed women had a high likelihood of abortion when all women were studied, but among pregnant women students had the highest likelihood. The direction and strength of the association varied by relationship status, age, and parity. The results show that the likelihood of abortion depends on women’s economic position. More studies on contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions in Finland are needed to identify the mechanisms behind these findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document