Using graphic modelling to identify modifiable mediators of the association between area-based deprivation at birth and offspring unemployment

Background Deprivation can perpetuate across generations; however, the causative pathways are not well understood. Directed acyclic graphs (DAG) with mediation analysis can help elucidate and quantify complex pathways in order to identify modifiable factors at which to target interventions. Methods and findings We linked ten Scotland-wide databases (six health and four education) to produce a cohort of 217,226 pupils who attended Scottish schools between 2009 and 2013. The DAG comprised 23 potential mediators of the association between area deprivation at birth and subsequent offspring ‘not in education, employment or training’ status, covering maternal, antenatal, perinatal and child health, school engagement, and educational factors. Analyses were performed using modified g-computation. Deprivation at birth was associated with a 7.3% increase in offspring ‘not in education, employment or training’. The principal mediators of this association were smoking during pregnancy (natural indirect effect of 0·016, 95% CI 0·013, 0·019) and school absences (natural indirect effect of 0·021, 95% CI 0·018, 0·024), explaining 22% and 30% of the total effect respectively. The proportion of the association potentially eliminated by addressing these factors was 19% (controlled direct effect when set to non-smoker 0·058; 95% CI 0·053, 0·063) for smoking during pregnancy and 38% (controlled direct effect when set to no absences 0·043; 95% CI 0·037, 0·049) for school absences. Conclusions Combining a DAG with mediation analysis helped disentangle a complex public health problem and quantified the modifiable factors of maternal smoking and school absence that could be targeted for intervention. This study also demonstrates the general utility of DAGs in understanding complex public health problems.

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Smartphone Addiction, Narcissism and Aggression: A Mediation Analysis Method

10.31124/advance.10096058.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anjelica Simsek ◽

Cahit Nuri ◽

Cemaliye Direktor ◽

Ahmet Arnavut

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Total Effect ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Mediator Variable

At this study, meditation effect of aggression was analyzed using Baron and Kenny’s mediation analysis method. Baron and Kenny (1986) indicates that to analyze the effect of mediator variable 3 criteria have to be actualized: 1. Independent variable have a significant effect on a mediator variable (way a) 2. Mediator variable have a significant effect on a dependent variable (way b) 3. Independent variable have a significant effect on a dependent variable (way c) PROCESS program were used the meditational effect, it is an extra macro that is downloading to the Daniel and Hayes’s (2016) SPSS program. In this program mediation effect could be evaluated as; total effect, direct effect and indirect effect scores of mediation variable effect on dependent variable (Preacher & Hayes, 2008).

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Introduction to Simple Mediation Analysis in SPSS

Global Journal of Enterprise Information System ◽

10.18311/gjeis/2015/3038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nitika Sharma

Keyword(s):

Causal Relationship ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Ols Regression ◽

Mediator Variable

Data is analyzed using Mediation model which focuses on the estimation of the indirect effect of X on Y through an intermedi - ary mediator variable M causally located between X and Y (i.e., a model of the form X ? M ? Y ) 1 , where X is the input variable, Y is output and M is the Mediating Variable. When researchers want to examine that how X variable exert it effects on Y variable which is commonly intervened by one or two variables denoted by M and this variable has a causal relationship between X & Y as per Figure 1 and termed as Simple Mediation Model. In this casual system there is at least one casual antecedent X variable is projected as influencing an outcome Y through a single inter - vening variable M . Such model establishes two pathways which influences Y by direct effect and indirect effect. In direct effect, pathways lead from X to Y without passing M. In indirect effects, a pathway of X to Y is lead through M. There are two conse - quent variables forming two equations and these equations can be estimated by conducting OLS regression analyses using SPSS or by using PROCESS.sps in SPSS by Andrew F. Hayes. To add PROCESS by Andrew F. Hayes in SPSS.

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Smartphone Addiction, Narcissism and Aggression: A Mediation Analysis Method

10.31124/advance.10096058 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anjelica Simsek ◽

Cahit Nuri ◽

Cemaliye Direktor ◽

Ahmet Arnavut

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Total Effect ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Mediator Variable

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Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2021.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Juan-José Igartua ◽

Andrew F. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Conditional Effect ◽

Using Data ◽

Conditional Process Analysis ◽

Mediation Moderation

Abstract This work provides a conceptual introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis in psychological research. We discuss the concepts of direct effect, indirect effect, total effect, conditional effect, conditional direct effect, conditional indirect effect, and the index of moderated mediation index, while providing our perspective on certain analysis and interpretation confusions that sometimes arise in practice in this journal and elsewhere, such as reliance on the causal steps approach and the Sobel test in mediation analysis, misinterpreting the regression coefficients in a model that includes a product of variables, and subgroups mediation analysis rather than conditional process analysis when exploring whether an indirect effect depends on a moderator. We also illustrate how to conduct various analyses that are the focus of this paper with the freely-available PROCESS procedure available for SPSS, SAS, and R, using data from an experimental investigation on the effectiveness of personal or testimonial narrative messages in improving intergroup attitudes.

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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Produk Makanan Olahan Halal pada Konsumen

Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi ◽

10.29244/jmo.v8i3.22069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Saniatun Nurhasah ◽

Jono M Munandar ◽

Muhammad Syamsun

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Brand Image ◽

Perceived Value ◽

Perceived Quality ◽

Market Potential ◽

Purchasing Intention ◽

Positive Direct

ABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention. ABSTRAKIndonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.

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Two-Condition Within-Participant Statistical Mediation Analysis: A Path-Analytic Framework

10.31234/osf.io/4su2j ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Kay Montoya ◽

Andrew F. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Confidence Intervals ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

Hypothesis Tests ◽

Bootstrap Confidence Intervals ◽

Complex Models ◽

Path Analytic ◽

Statistical Mediation Analysis

Researchers interested in testing mediation often use designs where participants are measured on a dependent variable Y and a mediator M in both of two different circumstances. The dominant approach to assessing mediation in such a design, proposed by Judd, Kenny, and McClelland (2001), relies on a series of hypothesis tests about components of the mediation model and is not based on an estimate of or formal inference about the indirect effect. In this paper we recast Judd et al.’s approach in the path-analytic framework that is now commonly used in between-participant mediation analysis. By so doing, it is apparent how to estimate the indirect effect of a within-participant manipulation on some outcome through a mediator as the product of paths of influence. This path analytic approach eliminates the need for discrete hypothesis tests about components of the model to support a claim of mediation, as Judd et al’s method requires, because it relies only on an inference about the product of paths— the indirect effect. We generalize methods of inference for the indirect effect widely used in between-participant designs to this within-participant version of mediation analysis, including bootstrap confidence intervals and Monte Carlo confidence intervals. Using this path analytic approach, we extend the method to models with multiple mediators operating in parallel and serially and discuss the comparison of indirect effects in these more complex models. We offer macros and code for SPSS, SAS, and Mplus that conduct these analyses.

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Correction: Early life socioeconomic position and mortality from cardiovascular diseases: an application of causal mediation analysis in the Stockholm Public Health Cohort

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026258corr1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e026258corr1

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Early Life ◽

Causal Mediation ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis

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Acculturation, Communication Competence, and Family Functioning in Mexican–American Mother–Daughter Dyads

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health ◽

10.1007/s10903-021-01256-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Becky Marquez ◽

Tanya Benitez ◽

Zephon Lister

Keyword(s):

Family Functioning ◽

Relationship Quality ◽

Communication Skills ◽

Adult Children ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Mexican American ◽

Communication Competence ◽

Well Being ◽

Actor Partner Interdependence Model

AbstractLittle is known of how intergenerational acculturation discrepancy relates to communication skills differences that may influence relationship quality among parents and adult children. Mexican–American mother–daughter dyads (n = 59) were studied using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to examine dyadic associations of acculturation and communication competence with family functioning and mediation analysis to determine the indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on family functioning through communication competence differences. Communication competence of mothers exerted significant actor and partner effects on daughter-perceived cohesion and closeness. Higher acculturation discrepancy predicted greater communication competence difference which in turn was associated with lower cohesion and closeness. There was a significant indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on daughter-perceived cohesion through communication competence difference. Communication competence of mothers impacts their own as well as their daughters’ perceptions of dyad cohesion and closeness. Intergenerational discrepant acculturation contributes to discordant communication skills that impair family functioning, which has implications for psychological well-being.

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Moral Disengagement About Cyberbullying and Parental Monitoring: Effects on Traditional Bullying and Victimization via Cyberbullying Involvement

The Journal of Early Adolescence ◽

10.1177/0272431616670752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 303-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Diana J. Meter ◽

Sheri Bauman

Keyword(s):

Direct Effect ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Parental Monitoring ◽

Moral Disengagement ◽

Traditional Bullying ◽

Traditional Victimization ◽

And Gender

The indirect effects of moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring on traditional victimization and bullying via cyberbullying involvement were examined in a diverse sample of 800 youth in Grades 3 to 8. After controlling for grade and gender, moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had an indirect effect on traditional victimization and bullying through cyberbullying involvement. Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had a direct effect on traditional bullying. Results suggest that moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring affect cyberbullying involvement and additionally impact experiences beyond the cyber context.

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Exact parametric causal mediation analysis for a binary outcome with a binary mediator

Statistical Methods & Applications ◽

10.1007/s10260-021-00562-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Doretti ◽

Martina Raggi ◽

Elena Stanghellini

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Delta Method ◽

Binary Outcome ◽

Effect Decomposition ◽

Causal Mediation ◽

Regression Parameters ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis ◽

Parametric Expression

AbstractWith reference to causal mediation analysis, a parametric expression for natural direct and indirect effects is derived for the setting of a binary outcome with a binary mediator, both modelled via a logistic regression. The proposed effect decomposition operates on the odds ratio scale and does not require the outcome to be rare. It generalizes the existing ones, allowing for interactions between both the exposure and the mediator and the confounding covariates. The derived parametric formulae are flexible, in that they readily adapt to the two different natural effect decompositions defined in the mediation literature. In parallel with results derived under the rare outcome assumption, they also outline the relationship between the causal effects and the correspondent pathway-specific logistic regression parameters, isolating the controlled direct effect in the natural direct effect expressions. Formulae for standard errors, obtained via the delta method, are also given. An empirical application to data coming from a microfinance experiment performed in Bosnia and Herzegovina is illustrated.

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