scholarly journals Health care system efficiency and life expectancy: A 140-country study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253450
Author(s):  
Virginia Zarulli ◽  
Elizaveta Sopina ◽  
Veronica Toffolutti ◽  
Adam Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Care System

Despite the evidence of links between health expenditure and health care efficiency, it is still unclear why countries with similar levels of health expenditures experience different outputs in terms of life expectancy at birth. Health care system efficiency might shed some light on the question. Using output-oriented data envelopment analysis, we compared the health systems of 140 countries in terms of attained life expectancy. Efficiency is determined by the distance from the closest country on the best practice frontier, which identifies the highest attainable life expectancy observed for any given level of health care spending. By using national data form the Human Development Data, we built the efficiency frontier and computed the potential life expectancy increase for each country. The potential improvement was, on average, 5.47 years [95%CI: 4.71–6.27 years]. The least efficient countries (10th percentile of the efficiency score) could improve by 11.78 years, while the most efficient countries (90th percentile of the efficiency score) could only improve by 0.83 years. We then analyzed, with regression analysis stratified by average education level, and by the role of health-related variables in differentiating efficient and inefficient countries from each other. The results suggest that, among countries with lower levels of education, decreasing unemployment and income inequality increases average life expectancy, without increasing health expenditure levels.

Evaluation of the state of the health system in Ukraine in the context of the quality of provision of medical aid

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Lyubov Kvasniy ◽  
Oresta Shcherban ◽  
Taras Khoma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Care System

In the process of implementation of the reform of the health care system and implementation of priority directions of socio-economic development of Ukraine, which is closely intertwined with the requirements of the time regarding the preservation and improvement of the health of population, attention was paid to the quality management of health care. The purpose of the article is to study the indicators of health care in the dynamics, which determine the state of health system and characterize the quality of medical and service provision. The article outlines the peculiarities of the concept of health protection in Ukraine. It proves that the domestic health care system is outdated, since it is based on the Soviet model of Semashko against the backdrop of high levels of corruption, the lack of proper modernization, non-compliance with the needs of the population, which in general have led to its ineffectiveness. The main indicators of the health system in dynamics are estimated and the periods of expected life expectancy are highlighted. The low average life expectancy in Ukraine is established to be caused mainly by the fundamental difference between the European and Ukrainian standards of living, the level of well-being of the population and the quality of medical services. In order to improve the quality of the provision of medical care in health care institutions in the current conditions of medical reform, it is proposed to transfer to the financing of medicine on an insurance basis, which will allow distributing the risks of illness and expenses for treatment between insured persons, and direct the collected funds to pay for the insured event in case of illness. This can be considered the only way to provide high-quality medical protection without financial stress for Ukrainian citizens.

scholarly journals The share of health care spending in the structure of GDP as a criterion for the healthcare system effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
Danil Alekseevich Zyukin ◽  
Anna Yurievna Bystritskaya ◽  
Artem Alekseevich Golovin ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Care System

Effective work of the healthcare system is becoming increasingly important in modern conditions, which actualizes the task of finding tools to increase the effectiveness of its functioning; this should ultimately lead to a decrease in morbidity and an increase in life expectancy. One of the main criteria for social development in modern conditions is the share of health care spending as a percentage of GDP; since this reflects the degree of attention and concern of the state about the health and life of citizens. The research hypothesis states that the share of health care costs does not affect the quality of the health care system, which is expressed in the average life expectancy of the population. To confirm the hypothesis, an analysis was made of the degree of influence of the share of expenditures on health care development on GDP on average life expectancy in the context of countries using a simple pair correlation and correlation between ranks; A cluster analysis of the countries was also carried out on the basis of their grouping according to the level of health spending as a percentage of GDP. It has been established that there is no connection between the share of health expenditures from GDP in countries and average life expectancy in them, which confirms the failure to use this indicator as a criterion for assessing the development of the health system. A cluster analysis of the countries under consideration showed that the effectiveness of the health care system is a complex category, depending not only on the level of state funding, but also on a number of other aspects.

scholarly journals CDS in a Learning Health Care System: Identifying Physicians' Reasons for Rejection of Best-Practice Recommendations in Pneumonia through Computerized Clinical Decision Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jones ◽  
Dave Collingridge ◽  
Caroline Vines ◽  
Herman Post ◽  
John Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Learning Health Care System ◽  
Care System

Background Local implementation of guidelines for pneumonia care is strongly recommended, but the context of care that affects implementation is poorly understood. In a learning health care system, computerized clinical decision support (CDS) provides an opportunity to both improve and track practice, providing insights into the implementation process. Objectives This article examines physician interactions with a CDS to identify reasons for rejection of guideline recommendations. Methods We implemented a multicenter bedside CDS for the emergency department management of pneumonia that integrated patient data with guideline-based recommendations. We examined the frequency of adoption versus rejection of recommendations for site-of-care and antibiotic selection. We analyzed free-text responses provided by physicians explaining their clinical reasoning for rejection, using concept mapping and thematic analysis. Results Among 1,722 patient episodes, physicians rejected recommendations to send a patient home in 24%, leaving text in 53%; reasons for rejection of the recommendations included additional or alternative diagnoses beyond pneumonia, and comorbidities or signs of physiologic derangement contributing to risk of outpatient failure that were not processed by the CDS. Physicians rejected broad-spectrum antibiotic recommendations in 10%, leaving text in 76%; differences in pathogen risk assessment, additional patient information, concern about antibiotic properties, and admitting physician preferences were given as reasons for rejection. Conclusion While adoption of CDS recommendations for pneumonia was high, physicians rejecting recommendations frequently provided feedback, reporting alternative diagnoses, additional individual patient characteristics, and provider preferences as major reasons for rejection. CDS that collects user feedback is feasible and can contribute to a learning health system.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TOURISM IN THE SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Olena Melikh ◽  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Konstantin Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current State

The article highlights the approaches to the development of sports and health activities and sports tourism in various spheres of society. It is proved that the current standard of quality of life in Ukraine is characterized as not satisfactory. Many factors affect the quality of life: lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. However, one of the main issues remains the underfunding of development. The work investigates the state of financial support for health care, which is closely related to the level of low healthy life expectancy. It is determined that in modern conditions physical culture and sports are a necessary element of life of every Ukrainian. It is justified that grant programs are the main financial source for the development of physical culture and sports. It is proved that the state and non-state policy of development of physical education and sports should be built on creation of the corresponding concept for the next five years, which will include the appropriate strategy and program of development of physical culture and sports. The purpose of the article is a study of the peculiarities of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society and mechanisms of financing physical culture and sports in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to reveal the role and importance of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society; to conduct an analysis of the current state of financing of health care, physical education and sports; outline strategic guidelines for improving state and non-governmental policies on financial provision for physical education and sports. Subject and object of study. The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of organization of sports and health activities in different spheres of society. The object of the research is the process of managing sports and health activities in different spheres of society. Research methods. For a comprehensive study of the necessary information the basic methods of information research in management were used. In the study of the current state of financing the health care, physical education and sports the methods of statics and dynamics were used. The dynamic method was used to analyze health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine, transition from one equilibrium state to another for the period from 1995 to 2017. The static method involved a comparison of the amount of annual funding from the State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports and the actually allocated funds. An economic model of the dynamics of health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine in the form of a graph is constructed.

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