Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices

Food reward is defined as the momentary value of a food to the individual at the time of ingestion and is characterised by two psychological processes–“liking” and “wanting”. We aimed to validate an age-appropriate food reward task to quantify implicit wanting of children from the GUSTO cohort (n = 430). At age 5 years, child appetitive traits and maternal feeding practices were reported by mothers via questionnaires. At age 6, a write-for-food task based on the child’s preference for food or toy rewards was undertaken in laboratory conditions. Child BMI and skinfold measurements were taken at age 7. Convergent validity of the food reward task was assessed by associating with child appetitive traits, where enjoyment of food/food responsiveness (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.15) and emotional overeating (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.48) were positively associated with high food reward in children. Criterion validity was tested by associating with child BMI, however no significant relationships were observed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with maternal feeding practices revealed that children whose mother tend to restrict unhealthy food (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82) and girls whose mothers taught them about nutrition (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.67) were more likely to have high food reward. No further significant associations were observed between food reward, other appetitive traits and feeding practices. Despite the lack of association with child weight status, this study demonstrated the value of the write-for-food task to assess food reward in children and presented sex-specific associations with maternal feeding practices.

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General Parenting and Hispanic Mothers’ Feeding Practices and Styles

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Thomas G. Power ◽

Jennifer O. Fisher ◽

Teresia M. O'Connor ◽

Nilda Micheli ◽

Maria A. Papaioannou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parenting Styles ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Feeding Styles ◽

Hispanic Mothers ◽

Parenting Dimensions ◽

Head Start Programs ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

General Parenting

Previous research has shown that general parenting styles, general parenting dimensions, maternal feeding styles, and maternal feeding practices all show specific relationships with the weight status of young children. This study examined the relationships between general parenting and maternal feeding styles/practices in a sample of 187 Hispanic mothers with low incomes. As part of a larger study, mothers of preschool children were recruited through Head Start programs and completed validated questionnaires assessing their general parenting, feeding styles, and feeding practices. Results identified numerous associations between general parenting dimensions and specific feeding practices: i.e., maternal nurturance was positively associated with healthy eating guidance and feeding responsiveness; inconsistency was positively associated with restriction for weight and promotion of overconsumption; follow through on discipline was positively associated with monitoring, healthy eating guidance, and feeding responsiveness; and family organization was positively associated with monitoring and healthy eating guidance. General parenting styles were associated with feeding practices as well, with authoritative mothers showing the highest levels of healthy eating guidance and authoritarian mothers showing the lowest levels of monitoring. There were no significant associations between mothers’ general parenting styles and mothers’ feeding styles. Implications of these findings for the prevention of childhood obesity are considered.

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Comparison of Maternal Feeding Practices and Child Weight Status in Children from Three Countries

International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition ◽

10.6000/1929-4247.2014.03.02.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keith Williams ◽

◽

Maria Petty ◽

Maria Schimith-Escrivão ◽

Kyoee Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Child Weight ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices

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Maternal Feeding Practices, Health Cognitions, and Childrenʼs Eating Styles and Weight Status

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics ◽

10.1097/dbp.0000000000000640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 122-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roxanna Camfferman ◽

Shelley Maria Cornelia Van der Veek ◽

Ralph Christian Alexander Rippe ◽

Judi Mesman

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Eating Styles ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

Health Cognitions

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Child gender and weight status moderate the relation of maternal feeding practices to body esteem in 1st grade children

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 62-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lenka H. Shriver ◽

Laura Hubbs-Tait ◽

Amanda W. Harrist ◽

Glade Topham ◽

Melanie Page

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Body Esteem ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Child Gender ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices

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Maternal perception of child weight and concern about child overweight mediates the relationship between child weight and non-responsive feeding practices

10.1101/2020.11.16.20232421 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jian Wang ◽

Daqiao Zhu ◽

Xuwen Cheng ◽

Yicong LiuZhou ◽

Bingqian Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Perception ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Weight Concern ◽

List Type ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Child Weight ◽

Z Scores ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

Child Bmi ◽

The Relationship

AbstractWe aimed to examine the mediating effects of maternal perception of child weight (weight perception) and concern about overweight (weight concern) on the paths between child weight and non-responsive feeding practices. We recruited a convenience sample of 1164 mothers who were primary caregivers of preschool children. Child body mass index (BMI) Z-score was calculated to assess child weight. The Chinese version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (C-CFQ) was used to measure four common non-responsive feeding practices, weight perception and weight concern. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the associations between child BMI Z-scores, maternal feeding practices, and other covariates. Sixty percent of the mothers perceived their overweight/obese children as normal weight or even underweight. The disagreement between actual child weight and maternal weight perception was statistically significant (Kappa = 0.212, P < 0.001). SEM indicated that weight perception fully mediated the relationship between child BMI Z-scores and pressure to eat. Weight concern fully mediated the relationships between child BMI Z-scores and the other three feeding practices. The serial mediating effects of weight perception and concern were statistically significant for the paths between child BMI Z-score and monitoring (β = 0.035, P < 0.001), restriction (β = 0.022, P < 0.001), and food as a reward (β = -0.017, P < 0.05).ConclusionChild weight may influence maternal feeding practices through weight perception and concern. Thus, interventions are needed to increase the accuracy of weight perception, which may influence several maternal feeding practices and thereby contribute to child health.What is KnownNon-responsive feeding practices may contribute to childhood obesity or eating disorders.Relationships between maternal weight perception and concern, child weight, and feeding practices have been mixed.What is NewChild weight may influence maternal non-responsive feeding practices through maternal weight perception and concern.Interventions are needed to increase the accuracy of caregivers’ perception of child weight which may influence maternal feeding practices and thereby contribute to child health.

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Maternal perception of child weight and concern about child overweight mediates the relationship between child weight and feeding practices

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980022000040 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Jian Wang ◽

Daqiao Zhu ◽

Xuwen Cheng ◽

Yicong LiuZhou ◽

Bingqian Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Perception ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Weight Concern ◽

Mediating Effects ◽

Maternal Perception ◽

Child Weight ◽

Z Scores ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

Child Bmi ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective: To examine the mediating effects of maternal perception of child weight (weight perception) and concern about overweight (weight concern) on the paths between child weight and maternal feeding practices. Setting: Pudong District, Shanghai, China. Participants: A convenience sample of 1164 mothers who were primary caregivers of preschool children. Results: Sixty percent of the mothers perceived their overweight/obese children as normal weight or even underweight. The disagreement between actual child weight and maternal weight perception was statistically significant (Kappa = 0.212, P < 0.001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that weight perception fully mediated the relationship between child BMI Z-scores and pressure to eat. Weight concern fully mediated the relationships between child BMI Z-scores and the other three feeding practices. The serial mediating effects of weight perception and concern were statistically significant for the paths between child BMI Z-score and monitoring (β = 0.035, P < 0.001), restriction (β = 0.022, P < 0.001), and food as a reward (β = -0.017, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Child weight may influence maternal feeding practices through weight perception and concern. Thus, interventions are needed to increase the accuracy of weight perception, which may influence several maternal feeding practices and thereby contribute to child health.

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Estimating and differentiating maternal feeding practices in a country ranked first in childhood obesity

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 620-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana María Salinas Martínez ◽

Hid Felizardo Cordero Franco ◽

Daniela Berenice Estrada de León ◽

Gloria Estefanía Medina Franco ◽

Francisco Javier Guzmán de la Garza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Weight Perception ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Easy Access ◽

Weight Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

Child’S Weight

AbstractObjective:Mexico ranks first in childhood obesity worldwide. However, little is known about the factors influencing maternal feeding practices. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of feeding practices and explore associations between weight concern, weight perception, sociodemographic characteristics and those feeding practices.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:North-eastern Mexico.Participants:Mothers aged ≥18 years who were in charge of feeding a singleton child aged 2–6 years with no endocrine disease or visible genetic malformations (n 507). Information on six maternal feeding practices, concern and perception of the child’s weight and demographics were collected by interview. The mother’s and child’s height and weight were measured. The feeding practices questionnaire was subject to content, construct and convergent validity analysis. Then, mean feeding scores were obtained and prevalence and 95 % CI were determined for scores ≥3; multivariate logistic regression was performed.Results:Not modelling (63·5 %; 95 % CI 59·2, 67·8 %) and pressuring to eat (55·6 %; 95 % CI 51·2, 60·0 %) were the most frequent feeding practices, followed by easy access to unhealthy foods (45·4 %; 95 % CI 40·9, 49·8 %) and child control (43·2 %; 95 % CI 38·8, 47·6 %). They prevailed despite concern about the child’s excess weight or a perception of the child as overweight/obese. Education was associated with the highest number of practices (educated mothers used more pressuring to eat, less regulation and less easy access; or monitoring was less absent).Conclusions:The frequency of certain feeding practices needs to be improved. Emphasis on the child’s weight concern, obesity perception and maternal education is essential for optimizing intervention planning.

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Feeding Styles, Feeding Practices and Child Weight Status Between 2-to-12 Years Old Children in Latin America: A Systematic Review (P11-121-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-121-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Vizcarra ◽

Po-Chia Tseng ◽

Ruopeng An

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Full Text ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Self Report ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Feeding Styles ◽

Child Weight ◽

Child Bmi

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of obesity in children of Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) has increased, becoming a public health priority while undernutrition is decreasing. Associations between caregiver's feeding practices (FP) and feeding styles (FS) with child BMI and/or overweight/obesity (OW/OB) have been reported in developed countries, but little is known in LAC. This review synthesizes the existing evidence on the associations between caregiver's FP and FS with weight status of 2-to-12-year-old children in LAC. Methods The study eligibility criteria included 2-to-12-year-old children and their parents/caregivers; LAC/nationality; Child weight status (CWS) as main outcome; peer-reviewed publications; and articles in English or Spanish. Keywords and MESH terms involving FS and FP, childhood stage, and CWS were used to search in PubMed. The key words were adjusted to search until March 2018 in the Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts of the articles were screened against the selection criteria. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts and conducted the retrieval. A full-text-evaluation was conducted on potentially relevant papers. Results Among 1237 articles identified, 25 were full-text revised and 6 were finally selected. Among the 6 articles, 5 were cross-sectional and 1 was case-control. The studies were conducted in Chile, Mexico and Brazil and involved self-report measures of FP and FS. 5 studies reported a positive association between restrictive parental feeding and higher child BMI z-score or higher likelihood of being OW/OB. While 1 study found pressure to eat negatively associated with child BMI z-score, 1 study found uninvolved and indulgent FS associated with higher child BMI. Conclusions Restrictive feeding, and indulgent and uninvolved FS have been linked to heavier weight or higher risk of being OW/OB in children of LAC. The research of the associations between FP and FS with CWS is scarce and limited to three countries. In addition, most studies are cross-sectional, which does not permit to establish the direction of the effect. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to improve understanding of causal relations and stability of FP and FS; finally, studies involving observations to compare with self-report measures of FP and PS are also needed. Funding Sources CONICYT Becas Chile Grant number 72170608.

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Obesity, Parent Perceptions, Child Feeding, and Food Security in First Generation Hispanic Families

Californian Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.32398/cjhp.v11i3.1545 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 86-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jill Berg ◽

Susan Tiso ◽

Merry Grasska ◽

Edwin Tan ◽

Yasmin Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Hispanic Culture ◽

Weight Perceptions ◽

Child Feeding Practices ◽

Southern California School ◽

Child Bmi ◽

Unhealthy Weight

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationships between parent and child weight status, parental perceptions of weight, child feeding, food insecurity, and acculturation in Hispanic preschoolers and their parents in a southern California school district. Methods: Eighty-five parent-child dyads participated. Height and weight, parental weight perceptions, child feeding, acculturation, and food insecurity data were obtained. Results: Eighty-five percent of parents were born in Mexico, although 94% of their children were born in the US. Eighty percent of parents and 43% of the children were overweight or obese. None of the constructs measured predicted child BMI, although parents significantly underestimated their children's body size. Parents' BMI correlated positively with restrictive child feeding practices, and obese parents pressured their children to eat more than did non-obese parents. Conclusions: Obesity exists disproportionately in Hispanics compared to other ethnic populations. While factors predicting children's weight status are difficult to identify, parents' weight, perceptions of child's weight, adherence to the Hispanic culture, and food insecurity do appear to impact parental concerns and parenting behaviors, particularly restrictive and pressuring-to-eat behaviors. Parental underestimation of their children's weight may hinder behavior change if concerns about unhealthy weight are inaccurate. Interventions should consider parental weight, weight perceptions, and feeding practices.

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Mothers Use More Structure-Based Feeding in Firstborns Than Secondborn Siblings (P11-117-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-117-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cara Ruggiero ◽

Leann Birch ◽

Ian Paul ◽

Jennifer Savage

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Birth Order ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Second Child ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Maternal Feeding Practices ◽

And Control

Abstract Objectives To explore the discordance of maternal feeding practices by birth order and weight status between FBs participating in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Health Trajectories (INSIGHT) trial and their secondborn (SB) siblings. Methods Structure and control–based parent feeding practices were assessed at 1 year in FBs and SBs (subscales: limiting exposure to unhealthy foods, consistent meal routines, restriction and pressure to eat). Paired t-tests examined difference scores and correlations were compared between siblings. Subgroup analyses identified siblings that were discordant and concordant on weight status at 1 year (normal weight vs. at risk for overweight defined as weight for length ≥ 85th percentile, WHO growth charts). Results 117 sibling dyads participated with SBs (57% female) born 2.5 ± 0.8 years after FBs (53% female). When each assessed at age 1 year, 22% of FBs and 27% of SBs were at risk for overweight. 63% of sibling dyads were both normal weight, 13% were both at risk for overweight, and 24% of siblings were weight status discordant. FB and SB feeding practices were correlated (range r = 0.34-0.64, all P < 0.01). Overall, mothers reported greater use of structure-based practices in FBs compared to SBs: limiting exposures to unhealthy foods (4.05 vs. 3.95, P < 0.01) and consistent meal routines (4.10 vs. 3.98, P < 0.01). Control-based feeding practices (restriction and pressure to eat) did not differ significantly by birth order. No differences existed by weight status (normal vs. at risk for overweight) between discordant pairs. Within sibling pairs that were both normal weight, mothers reported greater use of restriction in SBs compared to FBs (2.23 vs. 2.02, P = 0.01), but not pressure or structure-based practices. No differences in feeding were found in sibling pairs at risk for overweight. Conclusions SBs may be exposed to more unhealthy foods and have less consistent meal routines due to increased responsibilities of parents with the addition of a second child. Responsive parenting guidance should consider evolving family dynamics, foods provided and feeding practices with increasing family size. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health.

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