scholarly journals Exposure to authoritarian values leads to lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and higher meaning in life

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256759
Author(s):  
Jake Womick ◽  
John Eckelkamp ◽  
Sam Luzzo ◽  
Sarah J. Ward ◽  
S. Glenn Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Real World ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Adolf Hitler ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
And Control

Five studies tested the effect of exposure to authoritarian values on positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and meaning in life (MIL). Study 1 (N = 1,053) showed that simply completing a measure of right-wing authoritarianism (vs. not) prior to rating MIL led to higher MIL. Preregistered Study 2 (N = 1,904) showed that reading speeches by real-world authoritarians (e.g., Adolf Hitler) led to lower PA, higher NA, and higher MIL than a control passage. In preregistered Studies 3 (N = 1,573) and 4 (N = 1,512), Americans read authoritarian, egalitarian, or control messages and rated mood, MIL, and evaluated the passages. Both studies showed that egalitarian messages led to better mood and authoritarian messages led to higher MIL. Study 5 (N = 148) directly replicated these results with Canadians. Aggregating across studies (N = 3,401), moderational analyses showed that meaning in life, post manipulation, was associated with more favorable evaluations of the authoritarian passage. In addition, PA was a stronger predictor of MIL in the egalitarian and control conditions than in the authoritarian condition. Further results showed no evidence that negative mood (or disagreement) spurred the boost in MIL. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Effects of Methadone Therapy on Changing of Positive and Negative Mood Affect in Addicted People

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S.J. Mosavi Amiri ◽  
A. Homayuoni ◽  
S. Soleimani Amiri ◽  
G.A. Nikpour ◽  
A. Khanmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Post Test

Aim:The study aimed to investigate effects of drug named methadone in treating of addicted on changing of positive and negative mood affect.Method:19 addicted people were randomly selected and before methadone therapy with a pretest, Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. One month later after methadone therapy, again Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. PANAS assesses: Interest, Distress, Powerfulness, Fear, Enthusiasm, Proud, Agitation, Nervous, Panic. Data was analyzed with independent T test.Results:Findings showed significant differences between PANAS components. Methadone therapy increase interest, powerfulness, enthusiasm, proud, and decreased distress, agitation, panic. But there is not any differences between fear and nervous in pre and post test.Discussion:The findings indicated using methadone drug in addition to reduce physical symptoms can reduce significantly mental problems in addicted and can be regarded a proficient drug for treating of addiction.

Meaning in Life, Self-Control, Positive and Negative Affect: Exploring Gender Differences Among Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 0044118X1988373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Hamama ◽  
Yaira Hamama-Raz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
And Gender

The present study explores gender differences in adolescence with regard to meaning in life and self-control skills and in relation to positive and negative affect. Participants were 500 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 years. Outcomes revealed that females reported higher negative affect and self-control skills in comparison with males. Moreover, the association between self-control skills and negative affect was stronger among females than among males. In contrast to our assumptions, positive affect was not found to be higher among females although females scored higher in meaning in life than their male counterparts. In addition, self-control skills mediated the association between meaning in life and negative affect, and gender moderated the association between self-control skills and negative affect only among females. Considering these findings, gender seems to be vital in explaining differences in the use of self-control skills and meaning in life and their links to positive and negative affect.

scholarly journals Nostalgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Tim Wildschut ◽  
Jamie Arndt ◽  
Clay Routledge
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Medical Disease ◽  
Social Emotion

Traditionally, nostalgia has been conceptualized as a medical disease and a psychiatric disorder. Instead, we argue that nostalgia is a predominantly positive, self-relevant, and social emotion serving key psychological functions. Nostalgic narratives reflect more positive than negative affect, feature the self as the protagonist, and are embedded in a social context. Nostalgia is triggered by dysphoric states such as negative mood and loneliness. Finally, nostalgia generates positive affect, increases self-esteem, fosters social connectedness, and alleviates existential threat.

scholarly journals Escala de Autoeficácia para a Atividade com Sentido: Encontrando sentido no envelhecimento ativo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertina Oliveira ◽  
Margarida Pedroso de Lima ◽  
Patrícia Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Meaning In Life Questionnaire

Objetivos: O presente artigo apresenta um estudo que visa aprofundar as qualidades psicométricas da Escala de Autoeficácia para a Atividade com Sentido (EAASentido), através de análises de fidelidade e validade. A escala foi desenvolvida a partir dos constructos teóricos da autoeficácia, da aprendizagem autodirigida e da atividade de pessoas de idade avançada no âmbito do projeto europeu PALADIN, com o objetivo de criar um instrumento apto a avaliar até que ponto os seniores se sentem confiantes para realizarem atividades com sentido, por si próprios. Método: A investigação é de natureza não experimental e incidiu sobre uma amostra de 503 seniores e idosos das regiões Norte e Centro de Portugal com uma média etária de 71,66 (51 a 96 anos) a quem foram aplicadas a EAASentido, a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (Rosenberg, 1989), a Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (Watson e Clark, 1994), a Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), o Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger, Frazier, Oishi e Kaler, 2006), a Escala de Autoeficácia para a Autodireção na Saúde (Oliveira, 2011) e a Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton e Brody, 1969). Resultados: A consistência interna encontrada foi de 0,94 (alfa de Cronbach) e a validade de constructo revelou muito bons indicadores. No que respeita à análise de componentes principais, os resultados apontaram para três dimensões e não as cinco inicialmente previstas: atividades de desenvolvimento pessoal e participação social, atividades instrumentais, e atividades espirituais/religiosas. Analisadas as saturações dos itens propôs-se a reformulação da escala, eliminando cinco itens. A consistência interna global dos 15 itens manteve-se elevada (0,92). Conclusões: Conclui-se que a EAASentido, com 15 itens, é bastante consistente e adequada para avaliar em que medida os seniores têm confiança na sua capacidade para se envolverem em atividades com sentido (em termos de indicador global), possuindo boa validade de constructo. Em estudos futuros sugere-se a continuidade da avaliação da sua estrutura dimensional, nomeadamente através de análises confirmatórias.

scholarly journals Psychological impact of a country-wide lockdown. Role of personal, behavioral, social, and physical conditions on negative and positive affect and meaning in life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Suárez Rodríguez ◽  
Gladys Rolo-González ◽  
Gabriel Muinos ◽  
Cristina Chinea-Montesdeoca ◽  
Isabel Duarte-Lores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Individual

The spread of COVID-19 became the main public health risk for most countries in 2020. The Spanish government declared a state of emergency, implemented lockdown measures and imposed severe restrictions on mobility and compulsory home isolation. Given this sudden situation, we tested the levels of risk perception, the psychological impact of isolation conditions and of coping behaviors. A total of 1343 adult residents in Spain participated in the study. We measured with an online questionnaire (a) risk perception; (b) individual, social, and physical conditions of isolation; and (c) a set of coping behaviors. We tested how the conditions of isolation and the individual behavior affected positive and negative affect and meaning in life. We observed that risk perception was directly linked with the individual and social situation of the participants. Personal resilience, employment status, profile of cohabitants, and using open air spaces in the house are linked with the emotional situation of the participants. Additionally, we found that some behaviors were related with positive affect, meaning in life, and negative affect. The psychological impact of a nation-wide lockdown is not universal and there are key factors that moderate this impact. We have identified key personal, behavioral, social, and physical factors that may help policy makers and citizens in critical isolation situations

Expression Versus Distraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Ciara James ◽  
Jennifer E. Drake ◽  
Ellen Winner
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

While the benefit of distraction over expression as an emotion regulation strategy has been shown, it is not clear whether this benefit generalizes across a range of activities. To find out, we compared distraction versus expression in drawing, writing, talking, and thinking to oneself. We induced a negative mood in 160 participants by asking them to visualize an upsetting experience. Participants were randomly assigned to an emotion regulation strategy (express or distract) and an activity (draw, write, talk, or think). Positive and negative affect was measured before and after the mood induction and after the activity. Distraction boosted positive affect more than did expression for the draw and think activities, but distraction lowered negative affect more than did expression for all four activities. We conclude that distraction is a more effective emotion regulation strategy than expression in improving mood especially for activities that involve drawing and thinking.

scholarly journals Affect and psychological well-being in spouses of cancer patients: the mediating role of meaning in life and self-efficacy

Family Forum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krok
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Well Being

The examination of the psychological functioning of cancer patients’ spouses implies that affect and personal resources play an important role in their psychological well-being. This is a consequence of the severe stress caused by the medical conditions of a spouse and of responsibilities related to caregiving. This study aimed to examine the role of affect and purpose-oriented personal resources (meaning in life and self-efficacy) in shaping psychological well-being in the spouses of cancer patients. The participants were 214 spouses of gastrointestinal patients who were either undergoing medical treatment in hospital units or attending scheduled clinic appointments at outpatient medical clinics. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used. The results indicated that positive affect was positively correlated with meaning in life, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. In contrast, negative affect was negatively correlated with positive affect, meaning in life, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. The mediation analyses demonstrated that meaning in life and self-efficacy were mediators between positive and negative affect and psychological well-being. The mediating function of meaning in life and self-efficacy revealed the significant role of personal resources based on purpose and self-motivation in the relationship between affect and psychological well-being. Positive and negative affect can influence motivational processes that enable patients and their families to constructively deal with challenging and illness-related situations. Caregivers and medical staff could take into account the important role of purpose-oriented resources as they affect the functioning of both patients and their families.

scholarly journals 0328 The Associations Between Self-Reported Symptoms of Sleep Disorders, Objective Sleep Patterns and Affect in Adolescence

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A124-A125
Author(s):  
J Dimakos ◽  
G Gauthier-Gagne ◽  
G Somerville ◽  
J Boursier ◽  
R Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities

Abstract Introduction Developmental changes in adolescence make adolescents prone to experiencing negative mood and increased emotional lability. Experimental studies employing sleep restriction paradigms have shown that decreased sleep increased negative affect, but a gap exists regarding the association between sleep disorders and negative affect in adolescence. The objective of this study was to examine this association. It was hypothesized that higher levels of reported symptoms of sleep disorders would be associated with lower positive affect and higher negative affect in adolescents. Methods Participants: 101 adolescents (65 females) aged between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.69, SD=1.16). Measures: Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students was used to measure symptoms of sleep disorders and sleep patterns were measured objectively using actigraphy. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to measure positive and negative affect. Results Correlational analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between symptoms of sleep disorders, sleep patterns, and positive and negative affect. Higher levels of reported symptoms of sleep disorders were associated with later bedtimes (r= .26, p< .01), shorter sleep durations (r= -.20, p< .05), increased sleep onset latency (r= .21, p< .05), decreased sleep efficiency (r= -.23, p< .05), and less immobile minutes (r= -.23, p< .05) measured by actigraphy. Higher levels of reported symptoms of sleep disorders were associated with lower levels of positive affect (r= -.20, p< .05) and higher levels of negative affect (r= .39, p< .001) Conclusion Reported symptoms of sleep disorders were associated with overall poorer sleep patterns in adolescents as well as decreased positive affect and increased negative affect. Sleep specialists assisting adolescents with sleep disorders should inquire about mood regulation. Support Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council

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