scholarly journals What do malaria program officers want to learn? A survey of perspectives on a proposed malaria short course in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257890
Author(s):  
Olufemi Ajumobi ◽  
Rotimi Felix Afolabi ◽  
Adefisoye Adewole ◽  
Muhammad Shakir Balogun ◽  
Patrick Nguku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Short Course

Background In disease control, the program officers are vital to the successful implementation of control strategies. However, poor knowledge of the disease and its control, staff attrition, and lack of intentional training for new staff can lead to under-performance and ineffectiveness of interventions. Thus, the Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, in collaboration with National Malaria Elimination Program, planned a malaria short course (MSC) to strengthen the capacity of current program managers and incoming staff. To guide the development of the curriculum for the MSC, we conducted a needs assessment survey to ascertain the perceived usefulness of the MSC, the priority rating of MSC thematic domains and associated factors. Methods Overall, 384 purposively selected respondents across ten states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria were interviewed. These comprised malaria and non-malaria control program staff at state, local government area (LGA) and ward levels. We administered a structured questionnaire to elicit information on socio-demographics, training needs, priority malaria thematic domains, perceived course usefulness and willingness of ministries/organizations to release staff to attend the MSC. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05. Results Mean age was 43.9 (standard deviation: 7.6 years), 172 (44.8%) were females. Of the 384 respondents, 181 (47.1%), 144 (37.5%) and 59 (15.4%) were at the ward, LGA and state levels, respectively. Seventy-two (18.8%) had never worked in malaria control program. Majority (98.7%, n = 379) reported the need for further training, 382 (99.5%) opined that the course would be useful, and all affirmed their employers’ willingness towards their participation at the training. Respondents rated high the domains of basic malariology, malaria treatment, malaria prevention, surveillance/data management, use of computers, leadership skills, program management and basic statistics. Predictors of malaria topical domains’ high rating were gender (odds ratio (OR) = 6.77; 95% CI:3.55–12.93) and educational qualifications (OR = 0.48; 95% CI:0.26–0.89). Conclusions A malaria short course is a necessity and appropriate for program officers at different levels of health administration in Nigeria to achieve malaria elimination, taking into consideration the challenges of human resource retention. The outcome of this study should inform the curriculum and the delivery of the MSC.

scholarly journals A qualitative study exploring perspectives towards rational use of medicines in Pakistan's Malaria Control Program (MCP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeeha Malik ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Asrul Akmal Shafie ◽  
Azhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Rational Case ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Malaria is one of the most important global public health problems threatening the health of the population owing to prevailing socio-economic conditions and epidemiological reasons in Pakistan. This qualitative study has focused on the perspectives held towards the rational use of medicine intervention among malaria control program officials. Eight semi-structured interviews with all officials working for the malaria control program in Islamabad were conducted. The interviews, which were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim, were evaluated by thematic content analysis and by all authors. All respondents agreed on successful implementation of the malaria control program in Pakistan for controlling malaria by improving diagnostic and treatment facilities and promoting rational case management through training of prescribers. However, funding is still the major challenge faced by the program for its future implementation.

scholarly journals Assessing Health Seeking Behaviour and Malaria Prevention Practices Among Communities in Four Districts of the Volta Region of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verner N. Orish ◽  
Raymond Saa-Eru Maalman ◽  
Otchere Y. Donkor ◽  
Barbara Yordanis Henandez Ceruantes ◽  
Eric Osei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Aerosol Spray ◽  
Volta Region

Abstract Background: Malaria is a preventable disease that causes huge morbidity and mortality in malaria-endemic areas especially among children and pregnant women. The malaria control program focuses on the prevention of mosquito bites using Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and mosquito aerosol spray and coil, and prevention of severe disease among those infected through prompt and adequate treatment. The success of the malaria control program in Ghana is dependent on the malaria prevention practices of people in the community. Therefore, this study evaluated the malaria prevention practices of participants in four districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ketu South, Nkwanta South, Hohoe Municipality and Ho West districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Questionnaire were administered to adults who consented to each household visited. Questions were asked on the socio-demographics and malaria prevention practices of the households. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 with frequency distribution done for all the variables. Pearson chi-square was used to determine the significant association between socio-demographics and malaria prevention practices, and logistic regression was used to analyze the strength of the association. Result: Of the 668 participants that had a fever within the past 3 days, 268 (40.1%) visited a patent medicine store and 156(23.4%) visited health facilities. Out of the 2493 participants; 2234 (89.6%) owned ITN and 1528 (68.4%) used ITN a night before this study, 768(30.8%) used mosquito aerosol spray and 368 (15%) used mosquito coil. More females significantly owned ITN than males (1293, 92.4%, p ≤0.001). Participants from Ketu South had 1.5 times higher odds of owning an ITN (AOR, 1.56 [95% 1.09-2.22]; p=0.01). Conclusion: There is high ownership of ITNs but relatively low utilization among the community members. Education on malaria prevention practices should be intensified and continuous among the population of the Volta Region to ensure the success of malaria control in the region.

Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Sáenz ◽  
Richard A. Bissell ◽  
Francisco Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractIntroduction:In recent years, controversy has surrounded the issue of whether infectious disease should be considered a serious potential consequence of natural disasters. This article contributes to this debate with evidence of a significant outbreak of malaria in Costa Rica's Atlantic region after the 1991 earthquake and subsequent floods.Methods:This study is an epidemiologic investigation of the incidence of malaria for the periods of 22 months before the April 1991 Limon earthquake and for 13 months afterward. Data were obtained from the Costa Rican Ministry of Health's malaria control program.Results:Some of the cantons in the region experienced increases in the incidence of malaria as high as 1,600% and 4,700% above the average monthly rate for the pre-earthquake period (p ≤0.01). Causal mechanisms are postulated as relating to changes in human behavior (increased exposure to mosquitoes while sleeping outside, and a temporary pause in malaria control activities), changes in the habitat that were beneficial to mosquito breeding (landslide deforestation, river damming, and rerouting), and the floods of August 1991.Conclusions:It is recommended that there be enhanced awareness of the potential consequences of disaster-wrought environmental changes.Date of Event: 22 April 1991; Type: Earthquake, 7.4 Richter scale; Location: Costa Rica; Number of deaths and casualties: 54 deaths and 505 moderate to severe injuries.

scholarly journals Seeking Research Questions from Implementers: Considerations for Leveraging Ground Actors Research Needs in the Fight against Malaria in West Africa.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tete Sitou Amouh ◽  
Saidou Malam Ekoye ◽  
Césaire Damien Ahanhanzo ◽  
Tinga Robert Guiguemdé ◽  
Issiaka Sombié
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract In Sahel countries in West Africa malaria remains a public health scourge. To strengthen the fight against malaria, weaknesses, and solutions must be identified before programs implementation. This study reports experiences gained from collaborations between decision-makers and researchers. This project was undertaken in the framework of the regional World Bank funded project titled: Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Sahel (SM/NTD). The objectives of this World Bank program are to identifying bottlenecks in program implementation as well as the related research questions they enticed. National malaria control program managers and prioritization workshops were used as working method to identify research questions. These identified priority research questions were implemented in selected countries. The results of this study showed that priority issues were related to prevention, governance, drugs, monitoring, and evaluation of programs. The first five priority questions were related to (1) factors of compliance with drug doses for the second and third days during the seasonal chemoprevention (SMC) campaigns, (2) the contribution of community-based distributors to the management of severe cases of malaria in under 5 years-old children, (3) the SMC efficacy, (4) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) tolerance and efficacy according to existing guidelines, and (5) the quality of malaria control at all levels of the health system. In conclusion, this work showed the effectiveness of collaboration between implementers, programs managers, and researchers in identifying research questions. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to improve the implementation of malaria control programs across African countries.

scholarly journals Trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endashaw Esayas ◽  
Asefa Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Massebo ◽  
Abdulhamid Ahemed ◽  
Ibssa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
And Control

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia has shown a notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the last two decades. Based on the progress, the country shifted from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective malaria data recorded from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed from Harari Region, eastern Ethiopia. In addition, three years malaria data were used to assess the sub-district ( kebele ) level stratification of malaria incidence. Results: A total of 44,882 (46.9%) malaria cases were detected from 95,629 malaria-suspected outpatient diagnosed in Harari Region from 2013 to 2019. Of these, 41,046 were confirmed malaria cases (microscopically and rapid diagnostic test) while 3,836 were reported as clinical cases. In the region, malaria trend was fluctuating year to year, the high peak was reported in 2016 but malaria cases showed decreasing trend in number of malaria cases from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax and mixed infections were accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts, higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Jenella, Erer and Amir Nur districts, and about 80% of the cases were from these districts. According to the latest (2019) sub-district ( kebele ) level epidemiological data of malaria stratification, 8.3% of the sub-districts in the Harari region reported no malaria and a majority (61.1%) of sub-districts reported fewer than five cases per thousand population. Furthermore, there were no high malaria strata in the Region. The highest peak of malaria cases in the Region was reported from September to November followed by from April to May. Conclusions: In the Harari Region, the retrospective malaria data showed a significant declining trend. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible. Key words: Elimination, Harari region, Ethiopia, Incidence, Malaria, Sub-district, Stratification

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Insecticide Spraying For Malaria Control In A Terai District Of Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Pramod Singh GC ◽  
P K Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
The Cost

Background: Malaria is one of the public health problems in Nepal. It is estimated that 25% of population of Nepal are infected by malaria at any time. Malaria control program was first initiated in 1954 with support of USAID through the Insect Born Disease Control Program. This program was changed into Malaria Eradication Program in 1958. The program was reverted to control program in 1978.Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of insecticide spraying from the provider’s perspective in a Terai district of eastern Nepal.Methods: Morang District of eastern Terai was purposively selected. A pre-tested interview was used to collect data from program managers and government officers in the Malaria Control Program. The main categories of variables were manpower, insecticide, pump and others.Results: The cost for indoor residual spraying per person protected was calculated as Rs.24.70 (US$0.31). This cost was for one cycle and there were two cycles in a year. So the cost per year was Rs.49.40 (US$0.62). The cost per household was calculated as Rs. 129.56 (US$1.65) per cycle and Rs.259.12 and US$3.30 per year for residual spraying.Conclusion: In this cost analysis of indoor residual spraying, the cost per household per year was found Rs. 259.12 and US$3.30. The cost calculated per person protected per year was Rs. 49.40 and US$0.62. This analysis would be more complete if a comparative study of both costs and effectiveness of various vector control measures are undertaken in Nepal.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 175-179

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