scholarly journals Young at risk-people in Maputo City, Mozambique, present a high willingness to participate in HIV trials: Results from an HIV vaccine preparedness cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260126
Author(s):  
Igor P. U. Capitine ◽  
Ivalda B. Macicame ◽  
Artur M. Uanela ◽  
Nilesh B. Bhatt ◽  
Adam Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Maputo City ◽  
Study Population

Introduction Vaccine efficacy testing requires engagement of willing volunteers with high disease incidence. We evaluated factors associated with willingness to participate in potential future HIV vaccine trials in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods Adults aged 18–35 years without HIV and who reported at least two sexual partners in the 3 months prior to screening were enrolled into a 24-month observational study. They were asked at screening and exit if they would be willing to participate in a theoretical HIV vaccine study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done between willingness to participate, demographic, sexual behavior, and motivational factors for screening visit data. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with willingness to participate for data from both visits. Results A total of 577 participants without HIV were eligible, including 275 (48%) women. The mean age was 22.2 (SD ± 3.9) years. At screening 529 (92%) expressed willingness to participate and the proportion remained stable at 378 (88%) of the 430 participants retained through the exit visit (p = 0.209). Helping the country (n = 556) and fear of needles (n = 26) were the top motive and barrier for willingness to participate, respectively. Results from the GEE binary logistic regression (screening visit and exit visit) showed that wanting to learn how to avoid risk behaviors (aOR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.61–6.86) and feeling protected against HIV infection (aOR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.07–4.7) were associated with willingness to participate in HIV vaccine studies. Conclusion The majority of our study population in Mozambique expressed willingness to participate in a theoretical HIV vaccine trial. Participation in a HIV vaccine trial was seen as a way to contribute to the fight against HIV but was associated with some unrealistic expectations such as protection against HIV. This reinforces the need for continuous mobilization and awareness of potential participants to HIV vaccine trial.

scholarly journals Recruitment using respondent driven sampling, risk behaviors assessment and willingness of young female sex workers (18–25 years) in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania to participate in HIV vaccine trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Mbunda ◽  
Edith A. M. Tarimo ◽  
Muhammad Bakari ◽  
Eric Sandström ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials

Abstract Background Despite the present HIV preventive and treatment programs, the prevalence of HIV is still high in eastern and southern Africa, among young women and populations at high. risk for HIV transmission such as sex workers. There is a need to prepare a suitable population that will participate in efficacy HIV vaccine trials to determine the efficacy of HIV vaccines that had proven to be safe and immune potent. Methods It was a cross-sectional study that recruited 600 female sex workers using respondent-driven sampling in Dar es Salaam. The study examined recruitment approaches, risk behaviors and willingness of young female sex workers to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. Descriptive statistics described risk behaviors and willingness of the participants to participate in efficacy HIV vaccine trials. The logistic regression model computed the likelihood of willingness to participate in the trials with selected variables. Results The study demonstrated 53% were less than 20 years old, 96% were single, and 22% lived in brothels. Eighty percent of the participants started selling sex at the age between 15 and 19 years old, 61% used illicit drugs for the first time when they were less than 20 years old, 24% had anal sex ever. Eighty-nine percent had more than 20-lifetime sexual partners, and 56% had unprotected sexual intercourse with sex clients. Ninety-one percent expressed a willingness to participate in the HIV vaccine trial. Sixty-one percent did not need permission from anyone for participating in a trial. Ninety-one percent expressed willingness to participate in the efficacy of HIV vaccine trial. In the logistic regression model, willingness was significantly associated with the need to ask permission for participation in HIV vaccine trial from sex agent. Conclusion Respondent-driven sampling provided a rapid means of reaching young female sex workers who reported high-risk behaviors. The majority expressed a high level of willingness to participate in the HIV vaccine trial which was marginally correlated to the need to seek consent for participation in the trial from the sex brokers. Future HIV vaccine trials involving this population should consider involving the brokers in the trials because they form an essential part of the community for the participants.

scholarly journals Adjacent digit fingerprint white line count differences: a pointer to sexual dimorphism for forensic application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaji Garba Taura ◽  
Lawan Hassan Adamu ◽  
Abdullahi Yusuf Asuku ◽  
Kabiru Bilkisu Umar ◽  
Musa Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Forensic Application ◽  
White Line ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Right And Left Hands

Abstract Background Sex determination is one of the leading criterion in identification and verification of an individual. However, the potential roles of differences in adjacent fingerprint white line count (FWLC) in sex inference are not well elucidated in the literature especially among Hausa population. The study was conducted to determine sexual dimorphism and predict sex using adjacent digit FWLC difference (adj. DFWLCD) among Hausa population of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods The study population involved 300 participants. FWLC was determined from a plain fingerprint captured using live scanner. The formula for adj. DFWLCD of thumb and fifth digit is dR15 for right hand. The same applied for possible combination in cephalocaudal direction. Mann-Whitney and t tests were used for comparison of variables between sexes. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of sex. Results We observed a significantly larger adj. DFWLCD in males compared with females in most of the digit combination. A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the adj. DFWLCD involving ring digit in both right (dR14, dR24, and dR34) and left (dL14, dL24, and dL34). The best discrimination was observed in adjacent FWLC difference of second and fourth digits in both right and left digits (dR24 and dL24). This was further supported by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Conclusion The adj. DFWLCD exhibits sexual dimorphism. The best prediction potentials were found to be dR24 and dL24 for right and left hands respectively.

Does message framing predict willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial: An application of Prospect Theory

AIDS Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Evangeli ◽  
Zuhayr Kafaar ◽  
Ashraf Kagee ◽  
Leslie Swartz ◽  
Philippa Bullemor-Day
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate

Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research in a peri-urban South African community

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Smit ◽  
K Middelkoop ◽  
L Myer ◽  
S Seedat ◽  
L-G Bekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Urban South ◽  
African Community

Research on willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials is important in preparations for HIV vaccine research, but there are few data from sub-Saharan Africa. We interviewed 198 individuals in a peri-urban South African community immediately after enrolment into an HIV vaccine preparedness study on their willingness to participate in hypothetical vaccine trials. Overall 23% of participants ( n = 46) said that they would be willing to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. Willingness was associated with increasing age, male gender, and increasing knowledge about vaccines generally and HIV vaccines specifically. In multivariate analysis, a 1-unit increase in HIV vaccine knowledge score was associated with a 10-fold increase in willingness to participate (adjusted odds ratio, 10.72, 95% confidence intervals: 4.40–26.12). These results suggest that while willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials is relatively low in this setting, educational campaigns may have a substantial impact on individuals' willingness to participate in research.

scholarly journals Reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial and its translation to actual participation among healthy adults—Experience from Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0206656
Author(s):  
Delvin Kwamboka Nyasani ◽  
Gaudensia Nzembi Mutua ◽  
Rose Miroyo Sajabi ◽  
Jane Wairimu Ng’ang’a ◽  
John Ndungu Gachie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Actual Participation

scholarly journals “Why Don’t You Go Into Suburbs? Why Are You Targeting Us?”: Trust and Mistrust in HIV Vaccine Trials in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyabonga Thabethe ◽  
Catherine Slack ◽  
Graham Lindegger ◽  
Abigail Wilkinson ◽  
Douglas Wassenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Site Staff

Trust is a key element of high-quality stakeholder relations, which are themselves essential for the success of HIV vaccine trials. Where trust is absent, community stakeholders might not volunteer to become involved in key trial activities, and potential participants might not volunteer for enrollment. We explored site staff and Community Advisory Board (CAB) members’ experiences of trust/mistrust among community members and potential participants. We analyzed 10 focus group discussions with site staff and CAB members at two active South African HIV vaccine trial sites. We report on key characteristics perceived to contribute to the trustworthiness of communicators, as well as factors associated with mistrust. Attributes associated with trustworthy communicators included shared racial identity, competence, and independence (not being “captured”). Key foci for mistrust included explanations about site selection, stored samples, vaccination, and Vaccine Induced Sero-Positivity (VISP). Our findings suggest that community members’ trust is not necessarily global, in which trials are trusted or not; rather, it appears fairly nuanced and is impacted by various perceived attributes of communicators and the information they provide. We make recommendations for clinical trial site stakeholders invested in building trust and for future research into trust at these sites.

HIV Vaccine Trial Participation Among Ethnic Minority Communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Newman ◽  
Naihua Duan ◽  
Kathleen J Roberts ◽  
Danielle Seiden ◽  
Ellen T Rudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Minority Communities

scholarly journals Evaluating the surrogacy of multiple vaccine-induced immune response biomarkers in HIV vaccine trials

Biostatistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayan Dasgupta ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Response Biomarkers

Summary Identifying biomarkers as surrogates for clinical endpoints in randomized vaccine trials is useful for reducing study duration and costs, relieving participants of unnecessary discomfort, and understanding vaccine-effect mechanism. In this article, we use risk models with multiple vaccine-induced immune response biomarkers to measure the causal association between a vaccine’s effects on these biomarkers and that on the clinical endpoint. In this setup, our main objective is to combine and select markers with high surrogacy from a list of many candidate markers, allowing us to get a more parsimonious model which can potentially increase the predictive quality of the true markers. To address the missing “potential” biomarker value if a subject receives placebo, we utilize the baseline immunogenicity predictor design augmented with a “closeout placebo vaccination” group. We then impute the missing potential marker values and conduct marker selection through a stepwise resampling and imputation method called stability selection. We test our proposed strategy under relevant simulation settings and on (partially simulated) biomarker data from a HIV vaccine trial (RV144).

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