scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in Super League match locomotor and event characteristics: A league-wide investigation over three seasons in rugby league

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260711
Author(s):  
Gordon Rennie ◽  
Brian Hart ◽  
Nicholas Dalton-Barron ◽  
Dan Weaving ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Competition Rule ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Super League

The 2019 and 2020 Super League (SL) seasons included several competition rule changes. This study aimed to quantify the difference between the 2018, 2019 and 2020 SL seasons for duration, locomotor and event characteristics of matches. Microtechnology and match event data were analysed from 11 SL teams, comprising 124 players, from 416 competitive matches across a three-year data collection period. Due to an enforced suspension of league competition as a consequence of COVID-19 restrictions, and subsequent rule changes upon return to play, season 2020 was divided into season 2020a (i.e. Pre-COVID suspension) and season 2020b (i.e. Post-COVID suspension). Duration, locomotor variables, and match events were analysed per whole-match and ball-in-play (BIP) periods with differences between seasons determined using mixed-effects models. There were significant (ρ ≤ 0.05) reductions in whole-match and BIP durations for adjustables and backs in 2019 when compared to 2018; albeit the magnitude of reduction was less during BIP analyses. Despite reduced duration, adjustables reported an increased average speed suggesting reduced recovery time between bouts. Both forwards and adjustables also experienced an increase in missed tackles between 2018 and 2019 seasons. When comparing 2019 to 2020a, adjustables and backs increased their average speed and distance whilst all positional groups increased average acceleration both for whole-match and BIP analyses. When comparing 2020a to 2020b, all positional groups experienced reduced average speed and average acceleration for both whole-match and BIP analyses. Forwards experienced an increased number of tackles and carries, adjustables experienced an increased number of carries, and backs experienced an increased number of missed tackles when comparing these variables between season 2020a and 2020b. Rule changes have a greater effect on whole-match duration and locomotor characteristics than those reported during BIP periods which suggests the implemented rule changes have removed stagnant time from matches. Amendments to tackle related rules within matches (e.g., introduction of the ‘six-again’ rule) increases the number of collision related events such as carries and tackles.

scholarly journals Game-play characteristics differ between the European Super League and the National Rugby League: Implications for coaching and talent recruitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl T Woods ◽  
Anthony S Leicht ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Kevin Till
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Competition Rule ◽  
Metric Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Player Skill ◽  
Super League

Objectives To compare the game-play characteristics between the European Super League and the National Rugby League competitions. Methods Eleven team performance indicators were extracted from each match played by every European Super League and National Rugby League team over their respective 2016 season. Data were averaged, classified according to competition (two levels: European Super League and National Rugby League) and modelled using univariate and multivariate techniques. Specifically, effect size statistics enabled between group comparisons, while non-metric multidimensional scaling enabled multivariate insights into competition dissimilarity. Results Seven of the 11 performance indicators showed ‘large’ to ‘very large’ effects. Notably, National Rugby League game-play generated fewer ‘line breaks’, ‘errors’, ‘tackles’ and ‘dummy half runs’ relative to European Super League game-play ( d > 1.2). Despite the National Rugby League generating fewer ‘all runs’ ( d = 1.27 [0.57–1.95]), game-play in this competition generated greater ‘all run distances’ relative to the European Super League ( d = 1.78 [1.02–2.51]). Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear multivariate competition dissimilarity, with European Super League and National Rugby League teams orienting distinctive positions on the ordination surface. Further, there was a greater spread in the relative positioning of National Rugby League teams compared to European Super League teams, indicating greater team dissimilarity within the National Rugby League. Conclusions Our observations may be explained by differing competition rule interpretations, in addition to differing game strategies and player skill capabilities. Both coaches and talent recruitment managers associated with these competitions may consider our data to assist with the identification and recruitment of suitable players from these respective competitions.

scholarly journals Injury in rugby league football: the new super league.

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gissane ◽  
L H Phillips ◽  
D Jennings ◽  
J White ◽  
A Cumine
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Super League

Multi-Scenarios Vehicle Traces Modeling in Co-Simulation of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 2694-2698
Author(s):  
Jiang Feng Wang ◽  
Shuo Nie ◽  
Xue Dong Yan ◽  
Wang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) form when vehicles are equipped with devices capable of short-range wireless communication. Realistic vehicle trace modeling for VANETs simulations is a challenging task, which requires the reliable characterization of vehicular mobility. In this study, three different vehicle scenarios are proposed to analyze the difference between vehicle traces in multi-scenarios: city road, expressway and highway. Common trace modeling tools and characters of the scenarios are explored. Furthermore, three experimental scenarios are established using VanetMobiSim to produce vehicle traces. The experimental results show that the trend of the average speed versus the number of vehicles is different, and the vehicular density distribution demonstrates the realism of vehicle trace under multi-scenarios.

scholarly journals Development of an expected possession value model to analyse team attacking performances in rugby league

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259536
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawczuk ◽  
Anna Palczewska ◽  
Ben Jones
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Kl Divergence ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Value Model ◽  
Super League

This study aimed to evaluate team attacking performances in rugby league via expected possession value (EPV) models. Location data from 59,233 plays in 180 Super League matches across the 2019 Super League season were used. Six EPV models were generated using arbitrary zone sizes (EPV-308 and EPV-77) or aggregated according to the total zone value generated during a match (EPV-37, EPV-19, EPV-13 and EPV-9). Attacking sets were considered as Markov Chains, allowing the value of each zone visited to be estimated based on the outcome of the possession. The Kullback-Leibler Divergence was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the value generated from each zone (the reward distribution) by teams between matches. Decreasing the number of zones improved the reproducibility of reward distributions between matches but reduced the variation in zone values. After six previous matches, the subsequent match’s zones had been visited on 95% or more occasions for EPV-19 (95±4%), EPV-13 (100±0%) and EPV-9 (100±0%). The KL Divergence values were infinity (EPV-308), 0.52±0.05 (EPV-77), 0.37±0.03 (EPV-37), 0.20±0.02 (EPV-19), 0.13±0.02 (EPV-13) and 0.10±0.02 (EPV-9). This study supports the use of EPV-19 and EPV-13, but not EPV-9 (too little variation in zone values), to evaluate team attacking performance in rugby league.

scholarly journals Visual Feedback and Postural Control in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Inojosa ◽  
Dirk Schriefer ◽  
Katrin Trentzsch ◽  
Antonia Klöditz ◽  
Tjalf Ziemssen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Static Posturography ◽  
The Difference

As people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) manifest heterogeneous demyelinating lesions that could affect somatosensory or vestibular ways, visual stimulus as feedback could be especially relevant to achieve postural control. This has clinical importance for the development of preventive measures and rehabilitation therapies in order to avoid falls and accidents in this group. In our study, we objectively evaluated the influence of visual feedback on the stabilization of balance in pwMS versus healthy controls (HC) and its potential utility in clinical evaluation. Static posturography tests were performed in 99 pwMS and 30 HC. Subjects stood on a force platform with open and closed eyes. During this procedure, three balance parameters were obtained for both vision conditions: average sway, average speed, and average speed of sway. Neurostatus-Expanded Disease Disability Score (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) were performed in parallel as well. A two-way mixed repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for sex and age, was performed to evaluate the effect of vision, MS diagnosis, and the interaction of both in static posturography parameters. The difference between both closed and open eyes conditions was calculated for each parameter and further analyzed according to MS-relevant clinical variables. The magnitude of the vision effect differed between pwMS and HC as a significant interaction between the vision and the MS diagnosis in the delineated area (p < 0.001) and average speed of sway (p = 0.001) was seen. These parameters had a greater increase in pwMS than in HC after closing eyes. For the average sway, a significant main effect of vision was present (p = 0.047). Additionally, the differences obtained between open and closed eyes conditions assessed with the delineated area and average speed of sway were moderately correlated to the assessed clinical tests EDSS (r = 0.405 and r = 0.329, respectively) and the MSFC (r = −0.385 and r = −0.259, respectively). In our study, pwMS were more dependent of visual feedback than HC to maintain postural control. This easy and short evaluation by static posturography could support the development of targeted preventive measures and interventions in pwMS.

scholarly journals Hydration strategies of professional elite rugby league referees during super league matches

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jones ◽  
Kevin Till ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Roderick FGJ King ◽  
Michael P Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Super League
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