Exercise Response to Real Combat in Elite Taekwondo Athletes Before and After Competition Rule Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Janowski ◽  
Jacek Zieliński ◽  
Krzysztof Kusy
Keyword(s):  
Competition Rule ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rule Changes

scholarly journals The Effect of Sports Rules Amendments on Exercise Intensity during Taekwondo-Specific Workouts

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6779
Author(s):  
Michał Janowski ◽  
Jacek Zieliński ◽  
Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak ◽  
Agata Schneider ◽  
Krzysztof Kusy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Lactate Peak

We aimed to compare the change in exercise response to taekwondo-specific circuit workouts before and after competition rule amendments. A total of 240 workouts in 15 elite athletes were analyzed over two years. Physiological and kinematic data were gathered with the wireless Bioharness system along with capillary blood samples for lactate concentration. Progressive exercise tests until exhaustion were periodically performed to obtain reference data. The rule changes resulted in significant increases (mainly medium or large effects) in the physiological (2.9–14.4%) and kinematic (4.8–10.1%) response to taekwondo-specific workouts. The largest increases were for peak breathing rate (12.0%), energy expenditure (6.6%), blood lactate immediately after exercise (10.2%) and at the 30th min of recovery (14.4%), and peak kinematic activity (10.1%). Significant differences between taekwondo-specific workouts and tournament combats persisted after the shift from old to new rules, ranging from 2.4 to 38.5% for physiological and from 2.9 to 15.5% for kinematic variables. The largest workout–combat differences were revealed for post-exercise (15.9%) and recovery (38.5%) blood lactate, peak (−15.8%) and relative (−15.0%) breathing rate, and mechanical (13.5%) and physiological (14.2%) intensity. Our study suggests that the rule amendments significantly modify the exercise response to discipline-specific workouts and that taekwondo-specific training sessions do not fully recreate the tournament demands in terms of physiological and kinematic load.

Preseason Injury Rates in a Division II Football Team Before and After the 2017 NCAA Practice Rule Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Smith ◽  
Daniel J. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Ncaa Division Ii ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Division Ii

In 2017, the NCAA implemented rule changes to enhance safety in college football; however, the effect on injury risk remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to observe differences in the number and rate of injuries and time-loss injuries in an NCAA Division II football team during two consecutive preseasons, before and after the rule changes. From 2016 to 2017, we observed a decrease in lower extremity (LE) muscle strains from 1.00 injury/session to 0.55 injuries/session. We also observed a decrease in time-loss LE muscle strains from 0.52 injuries/session in 2016 to 0.20 injuries/session in 2017. After the rule changes, we observed fewer time-loss injuries (14.06% decrease), acute LE strains (45.00% decrease), and time-loss LE strains (61.54% decrease) per preseason practice session. These findings suggest that the rule changes may help reduce both the number and severity of LE muscle strains during preseason football.

Short-term effect of competition rule changes on collective effectiveness and self-efficacy in youth football players

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Angulo ◽  
Enrique Ortega-Toro ◽  
José María Giménez-Egido ◽  
Francisco Javier García-Angulo ◽  
José M Palao
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Competition Rule ◽  
Rule Changes

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in Super League match locomotor and event characteristics: A league-wide investigation over three seasons in rugby league

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260711
Author(s):  
Gordon Rennie ◽  
Brian Hart ◽  
Nicholas Dalton-Barron ◽  
Dan Weaving ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Competition Rule ◽  
Average Acceleration ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Super League

The 2019 and 2020 Super League (SL) seasons included several competition rule changes. This study aimed to quantify the difference between the 2018, 2019 and 2020 SL seasons for duration, locomotor and event characteristics of matches. Microtechnology and match event data were analysed from 11 SL teams, comprising 124 players, from 416 competitive matches across a three-year data collection period. Due to an enforced suspension of league competition as a consequence of COVID-19 restrictions, and subsequent rule changes upon return to play, season 2020 was divided into season 2020a (i.e. Pre-COVID suspension) and season 2020b (i.e. Post-COVID suspension). Duration, locomotor variables, and match events were analysed per whole-match and ball-in-play (BIP) periods with differences between seasons determined using mixed-effects models. There were significant (ρ ≤ 0.05) reductions in whole-match and BIP durations for adjustables and backs in 2019 when compared to 2018; albeit the magnitude of reduction was less during BIP analyses. Despite reduced duration, adjustables reported an increased average speed suggesting reduced recovery time between bouts. Both forwards and adjustables also experienced an increase in missed tackles between 2018 and 2019 seasons. When comparing 2019 to 2020a, adjustables and backs increased their average speed and distance whilst all positional groups increased average acceleration both for whole-match and BIP analyses. When comparing 2020a to 2020b, all positional groups experienced reduced average speed and average acceleration for both whole-match and BIP analyses. Forwards experienced an increased number of tackles and carries, adjustables experienced an increased number of carries, and backs experienced an increased number of missed tackles when comparing these variables between season 2020a and 2020b. Rule changes have a greater effect on whole-match duration and locomotor characteristics than those reported during BIP periods which suggests the implemented rule changes have removed stagnant time from matches. Amendments to tackle related rules within matches (e.g., introduction of the ‘six-again’ rule) increases the number of collision related events such as carries and tackles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Adrenalectomy on Exercise Response of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Exercise Tolerance in Primary Aldosteronism

2018 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
V. TUKA ◽  
M. MATOULEK ◽  
J. ROSA ◽  
O. PETRÁK ◽  
O. MIKEŠ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
System Response ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hormonal Evaluation ◽  
Objectively Measured

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with objectively measured lower physical fitness and blunted response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to exercise. The purpose of this pilot study was to objectively measure exercise response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cardiopulmonary fitness changes after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (ADE) in patients with unilateral PA. We examined a total of 14 patients with confirmed PA before and after ADE, by means of spiroergometry and hormonal evaluation. As expected, after adrenalectomy basal aldosterone (Aldo) levels before exercise decreased significantly, with a concomitant increase in plasma renin (PR). The increase in Aldo (285.9±171.3 to 434.1±278.2 ng/l; p=0.02) and blunted increase in PR (7.1±0.4 to 8.9±10.4 pg/ml; NS) post-exercise before ADE became significant after ADE Aldo post-ADE (46.8±18.8 to 106.5±68.1 ng/l; p<0.0001) and PR post-ADE (20.1±14.5 to 33.9±30.7 pg/ml; p=0.014). After adrenalectomy, the patients had a non-significant increase in peak workload and VO2peak. We found normalization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system response to exercise with little changes in cardiopulmonary fitness six months after ADE.

scholarly journals Time trajectories in the transcriptomic response to exercise - a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Amar ◽  
Malene E. Lindholm ◽  
Jessica Norrbom ◽  
Matthew T. Wheeler ◽  
Manuel A. Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

AbstractExercise training prevents multiple diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive exercise adaptation are incompletely understood. To address this, we create a computational framework comprising data from skeletal muscle or blood from 43 studies, including 739 individuals before and after exercise or training. Using linear mixed effects meta-regression, we detect specific time patterns and regulatory modulators of the exercise response. Acute and long-term responses are transcriptionally distinct and we identify SMAD3 as a central regulator of the exercise response. Exercise induces a more pronounced inflammatory response in skeletal muscle of older individuals and our models reveal multiple sex-associated responses. We validate seven of our top genes in a separate human cohort. In this work, we provide a powerful resource (www.extrameta.org) that expands the transcriptional landscape of exercise adaptation by extending previously known responses and their regulatory networks, and identifying novel modality-, time-, age-, and sex-associated changes.

scholarly journals Exercise response before and after termination of atrial tachycardia after congenital heart disease surgery.

Circulation ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H U Wessel ◽  
D W Benson ◽  
E A Braunlin ◽  
A Dunnigan ◽  
M H Paul
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Atrial Tachycardia ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The impact of rule changes on the competitive activity indices in Greco-Roman wrestling

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Tropin ◽  
George Korobeynikov ◽  
Lesya Korobeynikova ◽  
Vladimir Shatskikh
Keyword(s):  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Competition Rule ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Indices

Objective – to reveal the impact of competition rule changes on the indices of athletes’ competitive activity. Methods. A total of 117 final fights of highly qualified athletes were analyzed. The following indices were recorded: the duration of bouts; number of technical actions; real attempts (the number of attempts made); estimated attempts (number of attacks implemented); the effectiveness of technique used in a stance and in “referee’s” position (determined by dividing the number of successful attacks by the number of real attempts to perform reception and multiplied by 100 %); the effectiveness of defence in a stance and in “referee’s” position (this is the division of the number of reflected attacks by the number of real attempts to execute a hold and multiplied by 100 %); the effectiveness of executed holds (scored: 1 point, 2 points, 3 points, 4 points, 5 points). Results. The results obtained allowed to establish that the most performed TAs on the ground are rolling sideways, but they were most successful at OG-2016 (47 % of all TAs) and OG-1996 (41 %). This percentage is explained by the fact that rolling sideways are the most common, and all wrestlers pay great attention to their improvement. At present, attacking actions prevail in the competitive techniques, the bout is conducted constantly at a high pace; techniques are performed after previous preparation when the athlete is confident that the action will be performed; high-class wrestlers tend to execute more technical and tactical actions on the ground than in the stance, and all this significantly reduces the entertainment of the modern Greco-Roman wrestling. Modern studies have shown that the key characteristics of highly skilled wrestlers fitness with an equal amount of tactical and technical actions are their speed-strength capabilities and special endurance. Conclusion. It is established that today there remain significant problems for the specialists of Greco-Roman wrestling in the need to modernize the competition rules in order to improve the performance and entertainment of wrestling bouts. Keywords: technical fitness, Olympic Games, highly skilled wrestlers, competition rules.

scholarly journals Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers

10.2196/13643 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e13643
Author(s):  
Cougar Hall ◽  
Taylor H Hoj ◽  
Clark Julian ◽  
Geoff Wright ◽  
Robert A Chaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Data Collection Approach

Background Mountain biking is an aerobic physical activity that has experienced rapid growth. The emergence of the electric pedal-assist mountain bike (eMTB), while not without its critics, presents the potential for an even larger segment of the population to enjoy the health benefits of mountain biking. Although the research focused on the use of e-bikes generally is growing, there is limited research specifically targeting eMTB use. Research is needed exploring the potential exercise response of riding an eMTB, together with the beliefs and perceptions of mountain bikers who have and have not experienced eMTB riding. Objective This study aimed to compare conventional mountain bike and eMTB use. This was done by investigating 2 questions: (1) What proportion of exercise response is retained for an experienced mountain biker while using an eMTB when compared with a conventional mountain bike? and (2) What are the perceptions and beliefs of experienced mountain bikers toward eMTBs both before and after riding an eMTB? Methods A convergent mixed methods data collection approach was used in the study. Participants completed both a pre- and postride questionnaire, and data regarding heart rate were collected. Heart rates from each ride were compared against each other. Results The average heart rate during eMTB use was 94% (31/33) of the average heart rate during conventional mountain bike use. Therefore, eMTB use in this study achieved a majority of the exercise response and exceeded established biometric thresholds for cardiovascular fitness. Paired t test statistics were calculated to compare beliefs of conventional mountain bikes and eMTBs and to compare mean heart rate and speed between conventional mountain bike and eMTB use on the study loop. Participants overwhelmingly perceived the potential impact of eMTB use to be positive on both pre- and post-eMTB ride questionnaires. Conclusions Despite the measured benefit, participants’ perceived exertion while riding the eMTB was low.

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