scholarly journals Determinants of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in young male and female athletes: The roles of lower extremity muscle size, strength and power

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262507
Author(s):  
Takaki Yamagishi ◽  
Akira Saito ◽  
Yasuo Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Leg Extension Power ◽  
Image Position

This study sought to determine whether lower extremity muscle size, power and strength could be a determinant of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in athletes. 20 male and 19 female young athletes (18 ± 4 years) from various sporting disciplines participated in this study. All athletes performed a continuous ramp-incremental cycling to exhaustion for the determination of peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak: the highest V˙O2 over a 15-s period) and maximal power output (MPO: power output corresponding to V˙O2peak). Axial scanning of the right leg was performed with magnetic resonance imaging, and anatomical cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of quadriceps femoris (QF) and hamstring muscles at 50% of thigh length were measured. Moreover, bilateral leg extension power and unilateral isometric knee extension and flexion torque were determined. All variables were normalised to body mass, and six independent variables (V˙O2peak, CSAs of thigh muscles, leg extension power and knee extension and flexion torque) were entered into a forward stepwise multiple regression model with MPO being dependent variable for males and females separately. In the males, V˙O2peak was chosen as the single predictor of MPO explaining 78% of the variance. In the females, MPO was attributed to, in the order of importance, V˙O2peak (p < 0.001) and the CSA of QF (p = 0.011) accounting for 84% of the variance. This study suggests that while oxygen transport capacity is the main determinant of MPO regardless of sex, thigh muscle size also has a role in whole-body maximal aerobic performance in female athletes.

Influence of Bicycle Seat Tube Angle and Hand Position on Lower Extremity Kinematics and Neuromuscular Control: Implications for Triathlon Running Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Silder ◽  
Kyle Gleason ◽  
Darryl G. Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

We investigated how varying seat tube angle (STA) and hand position affect muscle kinematics and activation patterns during cycling in order to better understand how triathlon-specific bike geometries might mitigate the biomechanical challenges associated with the bike-to-run transition. Whole body motion and lower extremity muscle activities were recorded from 14 triathletes during a series of cycling and treadmill running trials. A total of nine cycling trials were conducted in three hand positions (aero, drops, hoods) and at three STAs (73°, 76°, 79°). Participants also ran on a treadmill at 80, 90, and 100% of their 10-km triathlon race pace. Compared with cycling, running necessitated significantly longer peak musculotendon lengths from the uniarticular hip flexors, knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors and the biarticular hamstrings, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Running also involved significantly longer periods of active muscle lengthening from the quadriceps and ankle plantar flexors. During cycling, increasing the STA alone had no affect on muscle kinematics but did induce significantly greater rectus femoris activity during the upstroke of the crank cycle. Increasing hip extension by varying the hand position induced an increase in hamstring muscle activity, and moved the operating lengths of the uniarticular hip flexor and extensor muscles slightly closer to those seen during running. These combined changes in muscle kinematics and coordination could potentially contribute to the improved running performances that have been previously observed immediately after cycling on a triathlon-specific bicycle.

Evaluation of 18-Week Whole-Body Vibration Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in an Elderly Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Camacho-Cardenosa ◽  
Alba Camacho-Cardenosa ◽  
Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽  
Guillermo Olcina ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Risk of Self-Reported Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Hootman ◽  
Shannon FitzGerald ◽  
Carol A. Macera ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Association

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender-specific longitudinal association between quadriceps strength and self-reported, physician-diagnosed hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods:Subjects were 3081 community-dwelling adults who were free of OA, joint symptoms and injuries, completed a maximum treadmill exercise test, had isokinetic knee extension and flexion and isotonic leg press strength measurements taken at baseline and returned at least one written follow-up survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Results:Women with moderate or high isokinetic quadriceps strength had a significantly reduced risk (55% to 64%) of hip or knee OA. A similar, nonsignificant trend was noted among men. Moderate isotonic leg press strength was protective for hip or knee osteoarthritis among men only.Conclusions:These results suggest that quadriceps weakness is an independent and modifiable risk factor for lower extremity OA, particularly among women.

scholarly journals Influence of Lower-extremity Muscle Force, Muscle Mass and Asymmetry in Knee Extension Force on Gait Ability in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayato Nakao ◽  
Takahiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Tatsuya Mimura ◽  
Taketaka Hara ◽  
Katsuo Nishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Extension Force

scholarly journals The Effects of Whole Body Vibration Treatments on Lower Body Muscular Activity in Well-Trained Athletes from Different Sports Branches

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9a) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
İlbilge Özsu ◽  
Hayri Ertan ◽  
Deniz Şimşek ◽  
Bahtiyar Özçaldiran ◽  
Cem Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
40 Hz

A limited number of acute whole body vibration (WBV) studies have investigated the effects of WBV treatments which were applied with different vibration frequencies and amplitude combinations on lower extremity muscle activation of well-trained athletes from different sports branches. To compare the effects of WBV on lower extremity muscle activation via Surface Electromyography (sEMG) of well-trained athletes from different sports branches (soccer, basketball and swimming) during static and dynamic squat exercises. sEMG activities of Tibialis Anterior (TA), Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM), Vastus Medialis (VM), Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Biceps Femoris (BF) muscles of 7 male soccer players, 7 male basketball players, and 6 male swimmers were recorded during WBV applied in static squat and dynamic squat positions with different frequencies (30-35-40 Hz) and amplitude (2-4 mm) combinations separated from each other by 5 min passive rest periods. Each combination was applied for 30 sec. The highest muscle activation was determined in TA of the swimmers compared to soccer players during static squat with 4mm-30Hz WBV application (p=0.027). The lowest muscle activation was also determined in VL of the swimmers compared to soccer players during static squat with 2mm-40Hz WBV (p=0.049). During dynamic squat with 4mm-40Hz WBV, the highest muscle activity was determined in RF of the basketball players compared to swimmers (p=0.030). However, dynamic squat with 2mm-40Hz WBV application gave rise to the lowest muscle activation in VL of the basketball players compared to soccer players (p=0.042). Well-trained athletes from different sports branches demonstrated different neuromuscular responses to acute WBV treatments. WBV during dynamic squatting which was applied with 4mm-40 Hz may be more beneficial in enhancing neuromuscular performance acutely for well-trained male athletes since it resulted in higher levels of muscular activation responses according to the present study.

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