Identifying Crosscultural Differences in the Effectiveness of an Information and Free Child Seat Rental Program

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Sibley ◽  
Maree Hunt ◽  
David N. Harper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Verbal Community

AbstractPorirua (a suburb in Wellington, New Zealand) is a problem area for child restraint use and has been targeted by a variety of government-initiated, and largely ineffective, traffic safety campaigns in recent years (e.g., Gouldsbury, 1999). The present study attempted to increase child restraint use in cars at two Porirua Kindergartens, one predominantly Pacific Nations (Kindergarten A), and the other predominantly New Zealand European (Kindergarten B), by providing parents with information packages and vouchers for free child seat rental. An increase in correct child seat use was not observed at either kindergarten, although all unrestrained children observed during baseline at the predominantly New Zealand European kindergarten changed to wearing seat belts after the intervention. This finding suggests that income limitations per se are not the primary factor maintaining child seat non-use. Discussion focuses on the contradictory findings provided by both previous survey and observational research on the effect of ethnicity and income on child seat use. Potential crosscultural differences in the existence and salience of verbal community effects that may maintain child seat use through the avoidance of social punishment contingencies from other parents within the kindergarten are considered as one possible explanation for the present findings.

Children Killed in Falls from Motor Vehicles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Straight Ahead

In 1978 in the United States, 38 children aged 5 years or younger were killed when they fell from the passenger compartments of moving motor vehicles not involved in crashes. Twenty-eight children (74%) were boys. Eighteen (47%) were 2 years old; 35 (92%) were aged 1 to 3 years. Thirty-six children fell out through doors, one fell out of a window, and one fell through a hole in the floor. Sixteen falls occurred when the driver was making a turn or going around a curve, nine when someone opened the door, seven when the driver was proceeding straight ahead, five when the driver was backing out of a driveway, and one when the driver was swerving. All 38 children killed in falls from vehicles were unrestrained. Use of seat belts or child restraint systems would prevent falls even if doors came open, as well as providing protection in crashes. A recent study has shown that pediatricians, by routinely counseling parents to restrain children in cars, can have some effect in increasing child restraint use. Pediatricians should also encourage parents to transport children in rear seats and to check at the start of trips to ensure that all doors are completely closed and locked.

scholarly journals Rideshare use among parents and their children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon P. Ehsani ◽  
Jeffrey P. Michael ◽  
Andrea Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
College Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Legal Guardian ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Child Restraint System

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young children. Millions of ridesharing trips are taken each day, and use of these services is predicted to increase. Therefore, it is important to examine the safety of children in these vehicles. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (N = 2017). Of the total sample, 450 respondents reported being a parent or legal guardian of children below the age of 10. Of these, 307 or 68% had ever used ridesharing. Among those who had used ridesharing, a total of 253 or 82% reported using ridesharing with their children below the age of 10 years. Among this group, rideshare use was significantly higher among individuals with college education, and in higher income households. Given that the majority of U.S. states have legislation exempting rideshare vehicles from child restraint system law coverage, our finding of high rates of rideshare use among parents suggests that a large number of children could be at risk of injury due to a lack of appropriate restraint use.

scholarly journals Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanthi Puvanachandra ◽  
Aliasgher Janmohammed ◽  
Pumla Mtambeka ◽  
Megan Prinsloo ◽  
Sebastian Van As ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint

Background: Child road traffic injuries are a major global public health problem and the issue is particularly burdensome in middle-income countries such as South Africa where injury death rates are 41 per 100,000 for under 5′s and 24.5 per 100,000 for 5–14-year-old. Despite their known effectiveness in reducing injuries amongst children, the rates of use of child restraint systems (CRS) remains low in South Africa. Little is known about barriers to child restraint use especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We carried out observation studies and parent/carer surveys in 7 suburbs of Cape Town over a three month period to assess usage rates and explore the knowledge and perceptions of parents towards child restraint legislation, ownership and cost; Results: Only 7.8% of child passengers were observed to be properly restrained in a CRS with driver seatbelt use and single child occupancy being associated with higher child restraint use. 92% of survey respondents claimed to have knowledge of current child restraint legislation, however, only 32% of those parents/carers were able to correctly identify the age requirements and penalty. Reasons given for not owning a child seat included high cost and the belief that seatbelts were a suitable alternative. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need for a tighter legislation with an increased fine paired with enhanced enforcement of both adult seatbelt and child restraint use. The provision of low-cost/subsidised CRS or borrowing schemes and targeted social marketing through online fora, well baby clinics, early learning centres would be beneficial in increasing ownership and use of CRS.

An estimate of the lifesaving benefit of child restraint use legislation

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Evans ◽  
John D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint

Airplane Travel and Child Safety

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-836
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Sheldon ◽  
Richard R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Small Children ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Vocal Minority

As regular airline travelers will readily attest, infants and small children constitute a small but vocal minority of the passengers on commercial flights. Both of the authors have children less than 4 years of age and child restraint safety seats meeting the standards of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration are routinely used for automobile travel. Use of safety seats has been routinely recommended to families receiving medical care from us. On several occasions, we have attempted to bring these same safety seats on board commercial aircraft for use by our children in seats for which we paid the fare.

Parents’ Knowledge on Child Restraint Use in Passenger Vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
P. Noor Faradila ◽  
S. Rohayu ◽  
M. J. Zulhaidi ◽  
A. Aziemah ◽  
K. Nor Kamaliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint

Seatbelt and child restraint use among vehicle occupants in Ho Chi Minh City: an observational study in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Oluwarantimi Adetunji ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Cuong Viet Pham ◽  
Ngan Tran Thi ◽  
Abdulgafoor M. Bachani
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint

scholarly journals Facilitators and barriers to child restraint use in motor vehicles: a qualitative evidence synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyadeep Bhaumik ◽  
Kate Hunter ◽  
Richard Matzopoulos ◽  
Megan Prinsloo ◽  
Rebecca Q Ivers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

BackgroundRoad traffic collisions contribute a significant burden of mortality and morbidity to children globally. The improper or non-use of child restraints can result in children sustaining significant injuries in the event of a collision. Systematic reviews on the effectiveness of various interventions to increase the use of child restraints already exist but to the best of our knowledge, there has been no qualitative evidence syntheses on the facilitators and barriers to child restraint usage. This review aims to fill that gap.MethodsWe searched for qualitative studies, which focused on perceptions, values and experiences of children, parents/caregivers or any other relevant stakeholders on the use of restraints for children travelling in motor vehicles in PubMed, EMBASE and Global Health and screened reference lists of all included studies. We assessed the quality of included studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and used the PROGRESS Plus lens for an equity focused analysis.ResultsWe identified a total of 335 records from searching the databases and five records from other sources. After screening, we identified 17 studies that met our inclusion criteria. All but one study (which had children as participants) focused on the perceptions, attitudes and barriers of parents or caregivers. The included studies were from three high-income (n=14) and one upper-middle income (n=3) country. In addition, although many focused exclusively on participants from culturally and linguistically diverse minorities, the issue of equity was not well addressed. Five major themes emerged from the analysis. (1) perceived risk for injuries and perceived safety benefits of child restraint usage varies in different settings and between different types of caregivers; (2) practical issues around the use of child restraints is a major barrier to its uptake as a child safety measure; (3) restraint use is considered as a mechanism to discipline children rather than as a safety device by parents and as children became older they actively seek opportunities to negotiate the non-usage of restraints; (4) adoption and enforcement of laws shape perceptions and usage in all settings and (5) perceptions and norms of child safety differ among culturally and linguistically diverse groups.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review should be considered when designing interventions to promote the uptake of child restraints. However, there is a need to conduct qualitative research around the facilitators and barriers to child restraint usage in low-income and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is a need for more evidence conducted in semiurban and rural areas and to involve fathers, policy-makers, implementers and enforcement agencies in such studies.

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