The Potential Usefulness of Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Blood for Prenatal Fetal Gender Determination in Multiple Pregnancies

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Picchiassi ◽  
Gian Carlo Di Renzo ◽  
Federica Tarquini ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
Michela Centra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

We applied a noninvasive prenatal test for the determination of fetal gender in multiple pregnancies by using free fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood in order to evaluate whether the quantification of male DNA could distinguish the fetal gender and the number of male and female fetuses in multiple pregnancies. We enrolled consecutively 44 women with twin pregnancies between 11–14 weeks of gestation. Peripheral maternal blood was collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from maternal plasma and analyzed for the multicopy DYS 14 sequence by using real-time PCR to quantify male DNA. Results showed that male DNA concentration was significantly higher in twin pregnancies with at least one male fetus, compared to twin pregnancies with only female fetuses. Comparing male DNA concentration in pregnancies with two male fetuses versus pregnancies with one female fetus and one male fetus, we did not obtain a significant difference between the two groups due to a slight overlapping of the range values. Therefore, our test correctly predicted fetal gender, distinguishing twin pregnancies with at least one male fetus from twin pregnancies with only female fetuses, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. For distinguishing pregnancies with two male fetuses from pregnancies with both female and male fetuses, a diagnostic accuracy of 76.1% was achieved.

scholarly journals Using PCR Technician in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Gender

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A. Oleiwi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Fetal Gender

whole blood samples were obtained from 30 pregnant women at 15 –24 weeks of gestation. DNA was extracted from each plasma or serum sample. To detect the Y-chromosome specific marker DYS14 in the maternal blood, (Polymerase Chain Reaction) PCR were carried out for each DNA extract. The PCR products were analyzed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. The results compared with fetal gender after delivery. The result of delivery revealed that 13 pregnant women had a male fetus and the remaining 17 pregnant women had a female fetus and DYS14 was detected in all plasma and serum samples obtained from pregnant women and revealed that 13 pregnant women had a male fetus and the remaining 17 pregnant women had a female fetus. The PCR sensitivity for detecting the gender of fetus from maternal whole blood at 15–24 weeks of gestation was 100% in both plasma and serum, DYS14 was not detected in the DNA from any of the 17 pregnant women carrying a female fetus. The results showed that PCR analysis of maternal plasma and serum can be used to diagnose fetal gender.

Examination of Fetal Cells and Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Blood for Fetal Gender Determination

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xi Zhao ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzumori ◽  
Yasuhiko Ozaki ◽  
Takeshi Sato ◽  
Kaoru Suzumori
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Fetal Cells ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna

scholarly journals Association between Fetal Gender and the Labor Curve at Term Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rubina Tamrakar Gurung ◽  
P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Labor Process ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Term Labor ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

Introduction: Animal and pathologic models have provided evidence for a fetal influence on the labor process; however, the potential impact of fetal gender on the labor curve has gone largely unstudied.Objectives: To determine the association between fetal gender and first stage labor curve at term.Methods: This was a retrospective study. There were 330 patients en­rolled in this study, who gave birth from January 2011 to December 2012 by reviewing the charts. A total of 500 charts were reviewed.Results: There were three hundred thirty (330) patients, out of which a total of 179 (54.2%) patients gave birth to males and 151 (45.8%) gave birth to females. Women who had a male fetus had a longer first stage of labor than women who carried a female fetus. The difference in the birth weight of the infants is statistically significant, male newborns were heavier at birth than female newborns.Conclusions: Term labor in the first stage was found to be slower in women who carried a male fetus compared with those with female fe­tus which is not statistically significant.Journal of Gandaki Medical College  Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 1-4

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Steroid Levels Are Unrelated to Fetal Sex: A Study in Twin Pregnancies

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina C. C. Cohen-Bendahan ◽  
Stephanie H. M. van Goozen ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractIncreased prenatal exposure to testosterone (T) in females of an opposite-sex (OS) twin pair may have an effect on the development of sex-typical cognitive and behavioral patterns. The prenatal exposure to T due to hormone transfer in OS twin females may occur in two ways, one directly via the feto–fetal transfer route within the uterus, the other indirectly through maternal–fetal transfer and based in the maternal–fetal compartment. Although some studies in singletons indeed found that women pregnant with a male fetus have higher T levels during gestation than women pregnant with a female fetus, many other studies could not find any relation between the sex of the fetus and maternal serum steroid levels. Therefore at present it is unclear whether a pregnant woman bearing a male has higher levels of T than a woman bearing a female. Up to this point, no-one has investigated this issue in twin pregnancies. We examined the relationship between maternal serum steroid levels and sex of fetus in 17 female–female, 9 male–male and 29 OS twin pregnancies. No differences were observed between the maternal serum steroid levels of women expecting single-sex and mixed-sex offspring. It is concluded that the source of prenatal T exposure in females probably comes from the fetal unit, which is the direct route of fetal hormone transfer.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cell-free Fetal DNA in Plasma and Serum of Pregnant Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Zolotukhina ◽  
N.V. Shilova ◽  
E. Yu Voskoboeva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Method

Sixty blood samples from pregnant women during gestational weeks 9–28 were investigated. Cell-free fetal DNA was extracted from maternal plasma or serum to be detected by nested PCR for determination of fetal gender. The SRY gene as a marker for fetal Y chromosome was detected in 34/36 women carrying a male fetus. In 3/24 women carrying female fetuses, the SRY sequence was also detected. Overall, fetal sex was correctly predicted in 91.7% of the cases. Therefore, the new, non-invasive method of prenatal diagnosis of fetal gender for women at risk of producing children with X-linked disorders is reliable, secure, and can substantially reduce invasive prenatal tests.

scholarly journals Twin Pregnancies, Crown-rump Length and Birthweight Discordancy: The Influence of Chorionicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (09) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Joana Sousa Nunes ◽  
Mário Sousa ◽  
Nuno Montenegro ◽  
Alexandra Matias
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of chorionicity in the biometric parameters crown-rump length (CRL), birthweight (BW), crown-rump length discordancy (CRLD) and birthweight discordancy (BWD), determine the correlation between these latter two in cases of intertwin discordancy, and to analyze the influence of chronicity in the presence of these discordancies with clinical relevance (> 10% and > 15%, respectively). Methods The present study was a retrospective study based on the twin pregnancy database of the Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010–2015), including 486 fetuses among 66 monochorionic (MC) and 177 dichorionic gestations (DC). The inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies with 2 fetuses and healthy twin gestations. The exclusion criteria were trichorionic gestations and pregnancies with inconclusive chorionicity, multiple pregnancy with ≥ 3 fetuses and pathological twin gestations. Results No statistically significant difference was found in BW (p = 0.09) and in its discordancy (p = 0.06) nor in CRL (p = 0.48) and its discordancy (p = 0.74) between MCs and DCs. Crown-rump length discordancy and birthweight discordancy were correlated by the regression line “BWD = 0.8864 x CRLD + 0.0743,” with r2  = 0.1599. Crown-rump length discordancy > 10% was found in 7.58% of monochorionic and in 13.56% of dichorionic twins. Birthweight discordancy > 15% was detected in 16.67% of monochorionic and in 31.64% of dichorionic twins. Conclusion No statistically significant influence of chorionicity was identified in both birthweight and birthweight discordancy, as in crown-rump length and crown-rump length discordancy. Birthweight discordancy was correlated to crown-rump length discordancy in 20% of cases.

scholarly journals Impact of Offspring Sex and Dam’s Pre-partum Vaccination on Colostrum Composition and Blood Hormones in Egyptian Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Mostafa Salah El-Din Ali ◽  
Wafai Zaki Azir Mikhail ◽  
Mohamed Amin Mohamed Salama ◽  
Yassin Mohamed Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Blood Hormones ◽  
Birth Time

An The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of both the gender of the new-born calf and the pre-partum vaccination status of the dam (ScourGuard-4K) on the chemical composition and some biological parameters of the colostrum. Blood serum was collected from four groups of pregnant dams (four animals in each group) during the dry period (vaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a male fetus, vaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a female fetus, unvaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a male fetus, and unvaccinated buffalo dams pregnant with a female fetus), in the pregnancy period, at the giving-birth period and after 24 hours of postpartum. The levels of insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1) and immunoglobuline G (IgG) were calculated in the maternal blood serum at the assigned periods. Colostrum samples were collected at the birth time and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after birth for measuring the chemical composition of the colostrum, as well as levels of IgG and IGF-1. Results of the current study showed that colostrum of dams that gave birth to male fetus had a richer content of IgG and IGF-1 levels and a higher percentage of total solids, solids-not-fat, total protein, fat, and lactose. Additionally, vaccination improved the same colostrum components except for IGF-1, which was not positively influenced by the vaccination. Generally, colostrum components were the highest at the birth time, then it decreased gradually up to 72 hours after the birth except that for the percentage of fat and lactose which showed gradual increases up to 72 hours to reach the normal composition of milk.

Effect of Different DNA Concentration Methods on Performance of Non-Invasive Fetal Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Profiling from Maternal Plasma

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Gabriela Repiská ◽  
Tatiana Sedláčková ◽  
Tomáš Szemes ◽  
Gabriel Minárik
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat Profiling ◽  
Concentration Methods ◽  
Short Tandem

Background: The accuracy and reliability of detection of free fetal DNA in plasma of pregnant women can be significantly improved by increasing the overall DNA concentration following the isolation from maternal plasma. The aim of our study was to compare DNA concentration methods on samples with free fetal DNA. Materials and Methods: DNA isolated from plasma samples of pregnant women carrying a male fetus were concentrated by 3 different methods: vacuum concentration, centrifugal filters and spin columns. Their performance was evaluated using PCR-based Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) genotyping of the fetus. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the 3 tested methods (F = 15.57, p < 0.0001). Using vacuum concentration 85.3% of paternally inherited Y-STR alleles were correctly identified. A significantly smaller proportion of alleles was correctly identified in samples concentrated by centrifugal filters and spin columns - 75.9 and 66.5%, respectively. Discussion: The highest proportion of paternally inherited Y-STR alleles was found in samples concentrated with the use of vacuum concentration. This concentration procedure does not require further handling of the sample either, which is an advantage because it avoids potential sample contamination. On the other hand, when automation is considered, vacuum concentration is less suitable because of an uneven and unpredictable sample evaporation rate.

scholarly journals Successful Diagnosis of Fetal Gender Using Conventional PCR Analysis of Maternal Serum

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Honda ◽  
Norio Miharu ◽  
Yoko Ohashi ◽  
Koso Ohama
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Male Fetus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Fetal Gender ◽  
Ethidium Bromide Staining ◽  
Pcr Products

Abstract Background: Fetal DNA has been found in maternal plasma and serum. Diagnosis of fetal gender using maternal plasma and serum has been attempted in an effort to develop a new noninvasive method of prenatal diagnosis. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 61 pregnant women at 10–17 weeks of gestation before amniocentesis. DNA was extracted from 800 μL of each plasma or serum sample. To detect the Y-chromosome-specific sequences DYS14 and DYZ3 in the maternal plasma and serum, 40 cycles of PCR were carried out for each DNA extract. The PCR products were analyzed by 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining, and the results were compared with the results of the cytogenetic analyses of amniocentesis. Results: Cytogenetic analysis of amniocentesis revealed that 31 pregnant women had a male fetus and the remaining 30 pregnant women had a female fetus. Both DYS14 and DYZ3 were detected in 27 of the 31 plasma samples obtained from pregnant women carrying a male fetus and in all of 31 serum samples obtained from the same women. Neither DYS14 nor DYZ3 was detected in either the plasma or serum samples obtained from any of the 30 pregnant women carrying a female fetus. Conclusion: PCR analysis of maternal serum can be used to diagnose fetal gender.

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