Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Plasma Lipids

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita P. Middelberg ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
John B. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Long Term Effects

AbstractThe consensus from published studies is that plasma lipids are each influenced by genetic factors, and that this contributes to genetic variation in risk of cardiovascular disease. Heritability estimates for lipids and lipoproteins are in the range .48 to .87, when measured once per study participant. However, this ignores the confounding effects of biological variation measurement error and ageing, and a truer assessment of genetic effects on cardiovascular risk may be obtained from analysis of longitudinal twin or family data. We have analyzed information on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, from 415 adult twins who provided blood on two to five occasions over 10 to 17 years. Multivariate modeling of genetic and environmental contributions to variation within and across occasions was used to assess the extent to which genetic and environmental factors have long-term effects on plasma lipids. Results indicated that more than one genetic factor influenced HDL and LDL components of cholesterol, and triglycerides over time in all studies. Nonshared environmental factors did not have significant long-term effects except for HDL. We conclude that when heritability of lipid risk factors is estimated on only one occasion, the existence of biological variation and measurement errors leads to underestimation of the importance of genetic factors as a cause of variation in long-term risk within the population. In addition our data suggest that different genes may affect the risk profile at different ages.

Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fabricio de Souza ◽  
Luciano Acordi da Silva ◽  
Gisele Santinoni Ferreira ◽  
Márcia Mendonça Marcos de Souza ◽  
Franciane Bobinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Stress Markers

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of 12 weeks of karate training on cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Method: Seventy adolescents were randomized into 2 groups: control received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week for 12 weeks, and treatment received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week, plus 3 karate sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measure was improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Results: After the intervention period, the treatment group showed a reduction in resting heart rate (77.86 [10.89]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.86 [8.31]), and triglycerides (75.18 [32.29]) and an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95.64 [42.53]) in relation to pretraining. Regarding oxidative stress markers, there was a reduction in protein carbonylation (0.07 [0.06]) and nitric oxide (1.39 [1.11]) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (0.68 [0.31]) and glutathione (0.11 [0.08]) compared with pretraining. With respect to inflammation, adiponectin increased (14.54 [5.36]) after the intervention when compared with preintervention. Conclusion: The study concluded that the intervention may improve cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Long-term effects need to be evaluated.

Personalized medicine in lipid-modifying therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Brian Tomlinson ◽  
Chen-Hsiu Lin ◽  
Paul Chan ◽  
Christopher WK Lam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
First Line ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Interfering Rna

The choice of lipid-modifying treatment is largely based on the absolute level of cardiovascular risk and baseline lipid profile. Statins are the first-line treatment for most patients requiring reduction of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can be added to reach LDL-C targets. Statins have some adverse effects that are somewhat predictable based on phenotypic and genetic factors. Fibrates or omega-3 fatty acids can be added if triglyceride levels remain elevated. The RNA-targeted therapeutics in development offer the possibility of selective liver targeting for specific lipoproteins such as lipoprotein(a) and long-term reduction of LDL-C with infrequent administration of a small-interfering RNA may help to overcome the problem of adherence to therapy.

scholarly journals Ten weeks of aerobic training does not result in persistent changes in VLDL triglyceride turnover or oxidation in healthy men

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Kristian Vissing ◽  
Line Thams ◽  
Peter Sieljacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Before And After

ObjectiveVery low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL–TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) constitute a substantial proportion of human energy supply both at rest and during exercise. Exercise acutely decreases VLDL–TG concentration, and VLDL–TG clearance is increased after an exercise bout. However, the effects of long-term training are not clear.DesignThe aim was to investigate long-term effects of training by direct assessments of VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics and oxidation in healthy lean men (n=9) at rest, before and after a 10-week training program, compared with a non-training control group (n=9).MethodsVLDL–TG kinetics were assessed by a primed constant infusion of [1-14C]VLDL–TG, and VLDL–TG oxidation by specific activity (14CO2) in expired air. The metabolic study days were placed 60–72 h after the last exercise bout.ResultsPalmitate kinetics and oxidation were assessed by a 2 h constant infusion of [9,10-3H]palmitate. In the training group (n=9), maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly by ≈20% (P<0.05), and the insulin sensitivity (assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp) improved significantly (P<0.05). Despite these metabolic improvements, no changes were observed in VLDL–TG secretion, clearance, or oxidation or in palmitate kinetics.ConclusionWe conclude that 10 weeks of exercise training did not induce changes in VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics in healthy lean men.

scholarly journals Circulating IGF-I levels in monitoring and predicting efficacy during long-term GH treatment of GH-deficient adults

2003 ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ezzat ◽  
S Fear ◽  
RC Gaillard ◽  
C Gayle ◽  
S Marcovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Fat

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term GH in GH-deficient adults, as predicted by IGF-I levels. METHODS: Patients received GH, 5 microg/kg per day for 1 Month and 10 microg/kg per day for another 12-30 Months. Changes in body composition, cardiac structure/function, serum lipids and quality of life were measured. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in lean body mass (LBM) (2.21 kg; P<0.0001) after 6 Months, which was sustained throughout treatment. A larger increase occurred in males than females (2.97 vs 1.19 kg; P<0.0001). Total fat mass was reduced (2.56 kg; P<0.0001 (3.26 kg males, 1.63 kg females)). Responsiveness to GH varied greatly, but LBM changes correlated with IGF-I changes (P<0.004). Furthermore, thinner patients experienced greater and progressive LBM increases. There was an increase in ejection fraction (3.85+/-9.95%; P=0.0002) after 6 Months, sustained to 18 Months. These cardiac effects were equal for males and females, and did not correlate with IGF-I levels. Serum low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios decreased within 6 Months, and were sustained thereafter. Quality of life improved significantly after 6 Months, an effect that was sustained/enhanced as treatment continued. No major adverse events were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Improved body composition is both reflected by IGF-I changes and predicted inversely by baseline adiposity. Other effects of GH replacement on cardiac function, dyslipidaemia and quality of life, however, do not correlate with circulating IGF-I concentrations. Our findings validate the importance of sustained GH therapy, but caution on the interpretation of IGF-I levels in monitoring the long-term effects of GH treatment.

Acute and long-term effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on the serum concentrations of vitamins E and A

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Armstrong ◽  
D. Niedmann ◽  
T. Eisenhauer ◽  
G. Janning ◽  
H. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lipoprotein Apheresis ◽  
Vitamins E And A
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