scholarly journals Galleria mellonella insektua eta Caenorhabditis elegans nematodoa, infekzio eredu boteretsuak Candida glabrata eta erlazionatutako espezieen birulentzia ikertzeko

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Ainara Hernando-Ortiz ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
Marcelo Ortega-Riveros ◽  
Iker De-la-Pinta ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Candida Bracarensis ◽  
Candida Nivariensis

Kandidiasia Candida generoko espezieek eragindako infekzio mikotikoa da. Candida albicans agente etiologiko nagusia da baina gero eta gehiagotan Candida generoko beste espezie batzuk agertzen ari dira kandidiasiaren eragile bezala eta, hauen artean, Candida glabrata espeziea. Espezie honekin lotuta beste bi espezie daude, Candida bracarensis eta Candida nivariensis, teknika molekularrek ondo desberdindu ditzaketenak. Aldaketa etiologiko hauek ondorio larriak izan ditzakete kandidiasiaren diagnostikoan, tratamenduan edota pronostikoan, besteak beste, bere patogenia edo antifungikoekiko sentikortasuna oso desberdina izan daitezkeelako. Ordezko eredu esperimentalek erabiliz mikroorganismoek eragindako gaixotasunen patogenia eta terapia ezagutzeko ezinbesteko aukera ematen dizkigute, eta hauen artean, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodoa eta Galleria mellonella lepidopteroa ditugu. Ikerketa lan honetan konbentzionalak ez diren bi animalia eredu hauen erabilgarritasuna ebaluatu nahi izan da Candida glabrata, Candida bracarensis eta Candida nivariensis harreman filogenetiko estua duten hiru espezie hauen birulentzia in vivo aztertzeko.

scholarly journals Candidiasis by Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis in Galleria mellonella: Virulence and Therapeutic Responses to Echinocandins

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Ainara Hernando-Ortiz ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Candida Bracarensis ◽  
Candida Nivariensis ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

Candida albicans is the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis but the increasing prevalence of emerging species of Candida, such as Candida glabrata and phylogenetically closely related species, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, requires special attention. Differences in virulence among these species and their therapeutic responses using in vivo non-mammalian models are scarcely analysed. The aim of this study was analyse the survival of G. mellonella and host-pathogen interactions during infection by C. glabrata, C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. Moreover, therapeutic responses to echinocandins were also assessed in the G. mellonella model of candidiasis. These three species produced lethal infection in G. mellonella; C. glabrata was the most virulent species and C. bracarensis the less. Haemocytes of G. mellonella phagocytised C. bracarensis cells more effectively than those of the other two species. Treatment with caspofungin and micafungin was most effective to protect larvae during C. glabrata and C. nivariensis infections while anidulafungin was during C. bracarensis infection. The model of candidiasis in G. mellonella is simple and appropriate to assess the virulence and therapeutic response of these emerging Candida species. Moreover, it successfully allows for detecting differences in the immune system of the host depending on the virulence of pathogens.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System To Assess Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis Virulence and Antifungal Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Hernando-Ortiz ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
Marcelo Ortega-Riveros ◽  
Iker De-la-Pinta ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Model System ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Host Fungus ◽  
Candida Bracarensis ◽  
Candida Nivariensis

ABSTRACT Although Candida albicans remains the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis, Candida glabrata and other emerging species of Candida are increasingly isolated. This species is the second most prevalent cause of candidiasis in many regions of the world. However, clinical isolates of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis can be misidentified and are underdiagnosed due to phenotypic traits shared with C. glabrata. Little is known about the two cryptic species. Therefore, pathogenesis studies are needed to understand their virulence traits and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to different Candida species makes this nematode an excellent model for assessing host-fungus interactions. We evaluated the usefulness of C. elegans as a nonconventional host model to analyze the virulence of C. glabrata, C. nivariensis, and C. bracarensis. The three species caused candidiasis, and the highest virulence of C. glabrata was confirmed. Furthermore, we determined the efficacy of current antifungal drugs against the infection caused by these species in the C. elegans model. Amphotericin B and azoles showed the highest activity against C. glabrata and C. bracarensis infections, while echinocandins were more active for treating those caused by C. nivariensis. C. elegans proved to be a useful model system for assessing the pathogenicity of these closely related species.

scholarly journals Candida Albicans ERG11 Gene Polymorphism: Impact on Its In Vivo Virulence and Susceptibility to Fluconazole According to the Galleria Mellonella Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Patindoilba Sawadogo ◽  
Adama Zida ◽  
Issiaka Soulama ◽  
Samuel S Sermé ◽  
Thierry Kiswendsida Guiguemdé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strain Sc5314 ◽  
Resistant Strains

The aim of this study is to have an idea on the molecular mechanisms of C. albicans resistance to fluconazole in Burkina Faso, by studying the polymorphism of the ERG11 gene, and its implication in the C. albicans virulence and resistance in vivo according to the Galleria mellonella model; (2) Methods: Ten (10) clinical strains including, 5 resistant and 5 susceptible and 1 virulent and susceptible reference strain SC5314 are used. For the estimation of virulence, the larvae were inoculated with 10 μL of C. albicans cell suspension at variable concentrations: 2,5.105, 5.105, 1.106, and 5.106 CFU/larva of each strain. For the in vivo efficacy study, fluconazole was administered at 1, 4 and 16 mg/kg respectively to G. mellonella larvae, after infection by inoculum 5.106 CFU / larvae of each strain; (3) Results: Six (6) non-silent mutations in the ERG11 gene (K143R, F145L, G307S, S405F, G448E, V456I on ERG11p) were found in 4 resistant isolates. Larval mortality depended on fungal burden and strain. The inoculum 5.106 CFU caused 100% mortality in 2 days for the 2 CAAL-1 and CAAL-2 strains carrying the F145L mutation, in 3 days for the reference strain SC5314, in 4 days for the ensemble of resistant strains, and in 5 days for the ensemble of susceptible strains. The comparison of the mortality due to the reference strain SC5314 CFU / larva and the average mortality due to the two mutant F145L strains, shows a significant difference (P <0.05).Fluconazole significantly protected (P> 0.05) the larvae from infection by susceptible strains and the reference strain. However, 100% mortality in 6 days after injection of the resistant strains, was observed (4) Conclusions: Certain mutations in the ERG11 gene such as the F145L mutation are thought to be a source of increased virulence in Candida albicans. Fluconazole effectively protected larvae from infection by susceptible strains in vivo, unlike resistant strain

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS, GALLERIA MELLONELLA E DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER COMOMODELOS ALTERNATIVOS PARA PESQUISA IN VIVO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges de Barros Primo ◽  
Jacenir Vieira da Silva ◽  
Larissa P. Mueller ◽  
Flávio H. S. Araújo ◽  
Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Galleria Mellonella

scholarly journals Efficacies of Fluconazole, Caspofungin, and Amphotericin B in Candida glabrata-Infected p47phox−/− Knockout Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Y. Ju ◽  
Cynthia Polhamus ◽  
Kieren A. Marr ◽  
Steven M. Holland ◽  
John E. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Lethal Infection

ABSTRACT Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of adult candidemia, resulting in high mortality. Amphotericin B is considered the treatment of choice, while the efficacy of fluconazole is controversial and caspofungin efficacy is unknown. To ascertain drug efficacy in vivo, the utility of a murine model of C. glabrata infection was investigated. C. glabrata was found to cause progressive, lethal infection when injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice with reduced oxidative microbicidal capacity due to knockout of the p47phox gene. Spleen and kidney organ CFU counts were determined in groups of mice 2 days after the mice completed 6 days of daily intraperitoneal drug treatment, which began on the day of infection. Daily injections of fluconazole at 80 mg/kg did not reduce spleen or kidney CFU counts after infection with C. glabrata strains having in vitro fluconazole MICs of 2, 32, or 256 μg/ml compared to saline-treated controls. However, this fluconazole regimen reduced spleen CFU counts in mice infected with Candida albicans, an infection that is known to be responsive to fluconazole. Caspofungin at 5 mg/kg and amphotericin B at 5 mg/kg were both effective in reducing fungal burden in spleens and kidneys of C. glabrata-infected mice. Ten mice treated for 6 days with caspofungin at 1 mg/kg survived for 15 days, though all 10 saline-injected mice died or were so ill that they had to be sacrificed by 96 h postinfection. This murine model provided evidence of the efficacy of amphotericin B and caspofungin but not of fluconazole against C. glabrata infection.

scholarly journals Candida albicans Hyphal Formation and Virulence Assessed Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Infection Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Read Pukkila-Worley ◽  
Anton Y. Peleg ◽  
Emmanouil Tampakakis ◽  
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Hyphal Formation

ABSTRACT Candida albicans colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and can cause life-threatening systemic infection in susceptible hosts. We study here C. albicans virulence determinants using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in a pathogenesis system that models candidiasis. The yeast form of C. albicans is ingested into the C. elegans digestive tract. In liquid media, the yeast cells then undergo morphological change to form hyphae, which results in aggressive tissue destruction and death of the nematode. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that hyphal formation is critical for C. albicans pathogenesis in C. elegans. First, two yeast species unable to form hyphae (Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida lusitaniae) were less virulent than C. albicans in the C. elegans assay. Second, three C. albicans mutant strains compromised in their ability to form hyphae (efg1Δ/efg1Δ, flo8Δ/flo8Δ, and cph1Δ/cph1Δ efg1Δ/efg1Δ) were dramatically attenuated for virulence. Third, the conditional tet-NRG1 strain, which enables the external manipulation of morphogenesis in vivo, was more virulent toward C. elegans when the assay was conducted under conditions that permit hyphal growth. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the C. elegans assay in a screen for C. albicans virulence determinants, which identified several genes important for both hyphal formation in vivo and the killing of C. elegans, including the recently described CAS5 and ADA2 genes. These studies in a C. elegans-C. albicans infection model provide insights into the virulence mechanisms of an important human pathogen.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Priya ◽  
Anthonymuthu Selvaraj ◽  
Dass Divya ◽  
Ramalingam Karthik Raja ◽  
Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Infective Potential ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol against C. albicans and S. mutans dual species for the management of ECC. Thymol, a plant derivative of the monoterpene group, has been well known for its numerous biological activities. Thymol at 300 μg/ml concentration completely arrested growth and proliferation of dual species of C. albicans and S. mutans. Rapid killing efficacy of pathogens, within a span of 2 min, was observed in the time kill assay. In addition, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, thymol effectively diminished the biofilm formation and virulence of both C. albicans and S. mutans such as yeast-to-hyphal transition, hyphal-to-yeast transition, filamentation, and acidogenicity and acidurity, respectively, in single and dual species state. qPCR analysis was consistent with virulence assays. Also, through the invertebrate model system Galleria mellonella, in vivo toxicity and efficacy of the phytocompound was assessed, and it was found that no significant toxic effect was observed. Moreover, thymol was found to be proficient in diminishing the infection under single and dual state in in vivo condition. Overall, the results from the present study illustrate the anti-infective potential of thymol against the ECC-causing dual species, C. albicans and S. mutans, and the applicability of thymol in medicated dentifrice formulation.

Search for antifungal compounds using a susceptible strain of Candida albicans and in vivo activity with the Galleria mellonella model

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Favre-Godal ◽  
S Dorsaz ◽  
E Ferreira Queiroz ◽  
S Ebrahimi ◽  
L Marcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Antifungal Compounds
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