scholarly journals Intelligent Dolls and robots for the treatment of elderly people with dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Sergio Márquez Sánchez ◽  
Sara Mora-Simon ◽  
Jorge Herrera-Santos ◽  
Ana Olga Roncero ◽  
Juan M. Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Baby Doll

Doll and robot are effective and beneficial non-pharmacological therapies applied in different clinical settings. Doll therapy (DT), principally based in Bowlby's attachment theory, uses an empathy or lifelike baby doll to conduct caring behaviors of it. Robot therapies (RT) use care robots with a friendly attitude and appearance that create emotions and movements that lead to different verbal, motor and emotional reactions. Both DT and RT are person-centred therapies that aim to improve wellbeing of people that suffer from different neurological, psychological and mental health disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease, autism spectrum disorder, stress or depression, by providing a realistic experience. In this paper, the characteristics of both therapies, their benefits and the possibilities of innovation in the therapeutic field are presented.

The Use of Mobile and Wearable Artificial Intelligence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry – A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Welch ◽  
Tom Joshua Wy ◽  
Anna Ligezka ◽  
Leslie C. Hassett ◽  
Paul E. Croarkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Health Disorders

BACKGROUND Mental health disorders across the life span are a leading cause of medical disabilities. This burden is particularly significant in children and adolescents due to challenges in diagnoses and lack of precision medicine approaches. The advent and widespread adoption of wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches) that generate large volumes of passively collected data that are conducive for artificial intelligence applications to remotely diagnose and manage child and adolescent mental health disorders is promising. OBJECTIVE This study conducted a scoping review to study, characterize and identify areas of innovations with wearable devices that can augment current in-person physician assessments to individualize diagnosis and management of mental health disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. METHODS This scoping review used PRISMA’s information as a guide. A comprehensive search of several databases from 2011 to June 25, 2021, limited to English language and excluding animal studies, was conducted. The databases included Ovid MEDLINE (R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and Scopus. RESULTS The initial search yielded 344 articles. 19 articles were left on the final source list for this scoping review. Articles were divided into three main groups: Studies with the main focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Internalizing disorders such as anxiety disorders. Majority of the studies used either ECG strap or wrist worn biosensor. CONCLUSIONS Our scoping review found large heterogeneity of methods and findings in artificial intelligence studies in child psychiatry. Overall, the largest gaps identified in this scoping review are the lack of randomized control trials, most available studies are pilot feasibility trials.

scholarly journals Reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Fergusson ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Health History ◽  
Mental Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Right

BackgroundThere has been continued interest in the extent to which women have positive and negative reactions to abortion.AimsTo document emotional reactions to abortion, and to examine the links between reactions to abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes.MethodData were gathered on the pregnancy and mental health history of a birth cohort of over 500 women studied to the age of 30.ResultsAbortion was associated with high rates of both positive and negative emotional reactions; however, nearly 90% of respondents believed that the abortion was the right decision. Analyses showed that the number of negative responses to the abortion was associated with increased levels of subsequent mental health disorders (P<0.05). Further analyses suggested that, after adjustment for confounding, those having an abortion and reporting negative reactions had rates of mental health disorders that were approximately 1.4–1.8 times higher than those not having an abortion.ConclusionsAbortion was associated with both positive and negative emotional reactions. The extent of negative emotional reactions appeared to modify the links between abortion and subsequent mental health problems.

scholarly journals Did the Brain and Oral Microbiota Talk to Each Other? A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Yoann Maitre ◽  
Pierre Micheneau ◽  
Alexis Delpierre ◽  
Rachid Mahalli ◽  
Marie Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Health Disorders

This systematic review aims to investigate the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders and to appraise the methodological quality of research of the oral–brain axis which is a growing interest area. The PRISMA guideline was adopted, to carry out an electronic search through the MEDLINE database, to identify studies that have explored the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders published from 2000 up to June 2020. The search resulted in 140 records; after exclusions, a total of 22 papers were included in the present review. In accordance with the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, four mental disorders were identified: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and cognitive disorders; autism spectrum disorder; Down’s syndrome and mental retardation; and Bipolar disorders. Studies argue for correlations between oral microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, Down’s syndrome, and bipolar disorders. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to clarify the biological links and interconnections between the oral microbiota and the pathophysiology of all mental health disorders. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop research on the oral–brain axis in the future.

The Power of the Mind

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-173
Author(s):  
Paola Savvidou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Coping

This chapter addresses contributing factors toward mental health challenges, protective practices, and common mental health disorders. Contributing factors include moving away from family for the first time, dealing with new living situations, adjusting to an entirely new schedule, imposter syndrome (the feeling of being a fraud), social isolation, and managing a heavier workload. An overview of common mental health disorders includes information about symptoms and treatment for anxiety, depression, attention deficiency/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum, and bipolar disorder. Guidelines for how the instructor can encourage self-care, as well as how to respond to different levels of distress, are presented. A mental health toolkit at the end of the chapter provides exercises for cultivating mindfulness, developing time-management tools, and coping with imposter syndrome and performance anxiety.

Comorbid mental health disorders in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ereny Gobrial
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose Children and young people with comorbid intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are more likely to exhibit comorbid mental health disorders (MHD) and other significant behaviours (SB) in addition to the core symptoms of ASD. The purpose of this paper is to identify the prevalence of comorbid MHD and behaviours in children and young people with ID and ASD in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach The Reiss scale for children’s dual diagnosis was administered by parents and teachers of 222 Egyptian children and young people with mild/moderate ID and ASD to screen for MHD and SB. The mean age of children and young people was 12.3 years (SD = 3.64), with 75.6 per cent male. Findings The results revealed that 62.2 per cent of children and young people with ID and ASD had high rates of comorbid MHD and behaviour disorders were shown in 64.4 per cent of the participated children and young people. The results identified anger, anxiety and psychosis being the most frequently diagnosed disorders while crying spells and pica were the most SB. No differences were found between the male and female with ID and ASD in the current study. Research limitations/implications Mental health assessment of children and young people with ID and ASD will help to highlight the needs of these vulnerable children and develop the appropriate services. Originality/value The findings highlight the prevalence of MHD in children and young people with ID and ASD in Egypt. This has implications on the assessment of comorbid disorders and services needed for children with ID and ASD in Egypt.

scholarly journals Associations between Processing Speed and Psychopathology in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Kramer ◽  
Bonhwang Koo ◽  
Anita Restrepo ◽  
Maki Koyama ◽  
Rebecca Neuhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Specific Learning

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe present study sought to examine the relationships between processing speed (PS), mental health disorders, and learning disorders. Prior work has tended to explore relationships between PS deficits and individual diagnoses (i.e., anxiety, autism, ADHD, depressive) in isolation of one another, often relying on relatively modest sample sizes. In contrast, the present work simultaneously investigated associations between PS deficits and these diagnoses, along with specific learning disabilities (i.e., reading, math), in a large-scale, transdiagnostic, community self-referred sample.MethodA total of 843 children, ages 8-16 were included from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) Biobank. Given the presence of four PS tasks in HBN, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to create a composite measure that represented the shared variance of the four PS tasks, referred to as PC1. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the four PS measures, as well as PC1, were calculated to assess reliability. We then used multiple linear regression models to assess specific relationships between PS deficits and psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsICCs were moderate between WISC-V tasks (0.663), and relatively modest between NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison and other PS scales (0.14-0.27). Regression analyses revealed specific significant relationships between PS and reading and math disabilities, ADHD-inattentive type (ADHD-I), and ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C). Secondary analyses accounting for inattention dimensionally diminished associations with ADHD-C, but not ADHD-I or specific learning disability subtypes. The present study did not find a significant relationship with Autism Spectrum Disorder after accounting for inattentive symptoms. Consistent with prior work, demographic variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, and motor control exhibited independent relationships with PC1 as well.DiscussionThis study provided a comprehensive examination of PS, mental health disorders, and learning disabilities through a transdiagnostic approach. Implications for understanding how PS interacts with a highly heterogeneous childhood sample, as well as the need for increased focus on detection of affected populations are discussed.

scholarly journals Shared genetics of asthma and mental health disorders: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1901507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaozhong Zhu ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Cong-Lin Liu ◽  
Huwenbo Shi ◽  
Sipeng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Wide Cross ◽  
Trait Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between asthma and mental health disorders, although little is known about the shared genetics and causality of this association. Thus, we aimed to investigate shared genetics and the causal link between asthma and mental health disorders.We conducted a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait association study to investigate genetic overlap between asthma from the UK Biobank and eight mental health disorders from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder (ANX), autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia (sample size 9537–394 283).In the single-trait genome-wide association analysis, we replicated 130 previously reported loci and discovered 31 novel independent loci that are associated with asthma. We identified that ADHD, ANX and MDD have a strong genetic correlation with asthma at the genome-wide level. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified seven loci jointly associated with asthma and ADHD, one locus with asthma and ANX, and 10 loci with asthma and MDD. Functional analysis revealed that the identified variants regulated gene expression in major tissues belonging to the exocrine/endocrine, digestive, respiratory and haemic/immune systems. Mendelian randomisation analyses suggested that ADHD and MDD (including 6.7% sample overlap with asthma) might increase the risk of asthma.This large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis identified shared genetics and potential causal links between asthma and three mental health disorders (ADHD, ANX and MDD). Such shared genetics implicate potential new biological functions that are in common among them.

Home direct-to-consumer telehealth solutions for children with mental health disorders and the impact of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110641
Author(s):  
Sierra Norman ◽  
Shireen Atabaki ◽  
Kathleen Atmore ◽  
Cara Biddle ◽  
Marc DiFazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Telemental Health ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Delivery of mental health treatment in the home can close gaps in care. Telehealth also provides access to healthcare that has been disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2016, a home direct-to-consumer telehealth program was initiated. Mental health encounters made up a significant portion of all telehealth encounters and COVID-19 had a significant impact on accelerating the utilization of telehealth. Telemental health has been more successful at meeting targeted volumes than the overall health system. Of all the mental health diagnoses before and during COVID-19, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Anxiety Disorder were most common. The direct-to-consumer telehealth program saved patients a significant amount of travel miles and associated time, based on data from the period before COVID-19. Payment reimbursement for direct-to-consumer telehealth professional services was similar to reimbursement for in-person visits. This program demonstrates direct-to-consumer telehealth is a feasible and acceptable care modality for a variety of youth mental health disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document