scholarly journals Enrichment of Omega-3 from Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) Fish Oil by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Wawan Kosasih ◽  
Raden Tina Rosmalina ◽  
Mohamad Robi Muhdani ◽  
Dede Zainal Arief ◽  
Endang Saepudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Anchovy Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Commercial Lipase ◽  
Important Fish

Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is an economically important fish in Indonesia. Anchovy contains Omega-3 that important to maintain the health of the heart and brain. This study aimed to enrich the Omega 3 content of anchovy oil from the North Sea of West Java. The extraction of anchovy oil was carried out by the soxhlet method. Enrichment of omega 3 from anchovy fish oil is carried out by hydrolysis with a commercial lipase enzyme at concentration 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 unit/600g fish oil,  for 5, 10, 15 and 20 hour. Before hydrolysis, fish oil was added with solvent water, ethanol, toluene, and n-hexane.  Omega 3 content of fish oil products were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC) with FID detector with retention time 14.068 min and 15.506 min for α-Linolenat (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), respectively. The results showed the highest omega 3 content (ALA 0.54% and EPA 1.103% ) was produced by addition n-hexane with a ratio 1:6 with the concentration of lipase was 1000 units for 20 hours.

scholarly journals n-3 LC-PUFA Enrichment Protocol for Red Earthworm, Eisenia fetida: A Cheap and Sustainable Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Metin Kumlu ◽  
Asuman Beksari ◽  
Hatice Asuman Yilmaz ◽  
Merve Sariipek ◽  
Enes Kinay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Anchovy Oil ◽  
Enrichment Protocol ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Enrichment Efficiency

This study assessed the potential of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) enrichment in red earthworm (Eisenia fetida, REW), via the addition of fish oil (FO, anchovy oil) to the culture-compost. FO addition to compost was tested at graded inclusion doses (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/100 g compost) and for different timeperiods, up to 96h. Dose, time, as well as dose and time interactions of FO compost enrichment had significant effects on all fatty acids of earthworm bodies. The enrichment with 10 g FO/100 g compost sharply increased DHA levels of the worms (14.01 mol%) within just 24 h, compared to the control group (0.92 mol%). Similar increases (ranging between 10.99 and 15.55 mol%) occurred only after 48 and 96 h in lower FO enrichment levels (2.5 and 5.0 g/100 g compost, respectively). Therefore, it was concluded that, to obtain maximum n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment efficiency in REW, an enrichment period of 24 h is ideal and recommended for the 10 g FO/ 100 g compost, whereas longer enrichment periods (48-96 h) are more suitable for lower levels of FO inclusions (2.5 or 5 g/100 g compost).

Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hadeer Zakaria ◽  
Tarek M. Mostafa ◽  
Gamal A. El-Azab ◽  
Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

Detecting plankton shifts in the North Sea: a new abrupt ecosystem shift between 1996 and 2003

2014 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Beaugrand ◽  
X Harlay ◽  
M Edwards
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecosystem Shift ◽  
The North Sea
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