scholarly journals SPESIASI DAN BIOGEOGRAFI IKAN DI KAWASAN SEGITIGA TERUMBU KARANG

OSEANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Fione Yukita Yalindua
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
The World

The coral triangle is a region with the highest hotspot of fish biodiversity in the world. Factors to explain biodiversity in the coral triangle are varied widely. Factors as well as biogeography and speciation in evolutionary processes would explain the richness of fish species. The species formation theory in fish (speciation) is divided into allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciations. Biogeographically, the reason of what causes high biodiversity in the coral triangle area is divided into several models, namely: the center of origin, the center of overlap, the center of accumulation, the center of survival/refugia, and the mid domain effect/null model. This article will discuss the role and contribution of each mode/hypothesis in explaining coral triangle areas' biodiversity hotspots to provide information for biodiversity conservation of reef fishes in the future.

A Review of Aquaculture Practices and Their Impacts on Chemical Food Safety from a Regulatory Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O Boison ◽  
Sherri B Turnipseed
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Industry

Abstract Aquaculture is currently one of the most rapidly growing food production industries in the world. The increasing global importance for this industry stems primarily from the fact that it is reducing the gap between the supply and demand for fish products. Commercial aquaculture contributes significantly to the economies of many countries since high-value fish species are a major source of foreign exchange. This review looks at the aquaculture industry, the issues raised by the production of fish through aquaculture for food security, the sustainability of the practice to agriculture, what the future holds for the industry in the next 10-20 years, and why there is a need to have available analytical procedures to regulate the safe use of chemicals and veterinary drugs in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Vitreorana uranoscopa (Müller, 1924): new record for the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcoandre Savaris ◽  
Silvana Lampert ◽  
Elaine Maria Lucas ◽  
Angelo Vinicius da Rosa Peres ◽  
Juliana Orsato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Forest Biome

The Atlantic Forest Biome is among the world’s hotspots for biodiversity conservation and concentrates the greatest diversity of amphibians in the world. However, information on the distribution pattern of species is largely unknown in this biome. This study report new records of Vitreorana uranoscopa for northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul.

Toward a Sociology of Colonial Subjectivity: Political Agency in Haiti and Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Hammer ◽  
Alexandre I. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Formation Theory ◽  
Racial Formations ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Black Agency

The authors seek to connect global historical sociology with racial formation theory to examine how antislavery movements fostered novel forms of self-government and justifications for state formation. The cases of Haiti and Liberia demonstrate how enslaved and formerly enslaved actors rethought modern politics at the time, producing novel political subjects in the process. Prior to the existence of these nations, self-determination by black subjects in colonial spaces was impossible, and each sought to carve out that possibility in the face of a transatlantic structure of slavery. This work demonstrates how Haitian and Liberian American founders responded to colonial structures, though in Liberia reproducing them albeit for their own ends. The authors demonstrate the importance of colonial subjectivities to the discernment of racial structures and counter-racist action. They highlight how anticolonial actors challenged global antiblack oppression and how they legitimated their self-governance and freedom on the world stage. Theorizing from colonized subjectivities allows sociology to begin to understand the politics around global racial formations and starts to incorporate histories of black agency into the sociological canon.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Large River ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Discharge

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Rio das Velhas is a tributary of the Rio São Francisco, one of Brazil’s largest rivers. It is the Rio São Francisco’s second most important tributary in water volume (mean annual discharge of 631 m<sup>3</sup>/s), with a drainage area of 27,867 km<sup>2</sup>, length of 761 km, and mean width of 38 m. Like many other rivers around the world, it became heavily polluted in the 1900s. The Rio das Velhas is the most polluted river of Minas Gerais state because the basin contains approximately 4.5 million people. Unlike other Brazilian rivers, its fish fauna was studied from 1850 to 1856. Fifty-five fish species were recorded; 20 of them were first described at that time, when there were previously no more than 40 known species in the entire São Francisco basin. Recent fish collections, approximately 150 years later, indicate 107 fish species, but some may be locally extinct. There are good prospects of rehabilitating this fauna because of the connectivity of the Rio das Velhas with the São Francisco main stem, its well-preserved tributaries, and increased investments in sewage treatment.

scholarly journals Modern Conditions of Biodiversity Conservation in Russian Coal Mining Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Yury Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Mining Regions

Today biodiversity is the important factor of sustainable development of industry mining sector. The world community offers various guidences for business to biodiversity conservation, their cornerstone is the hierarchy of mitigation of negative impact “avoid-reduce-restore-offset”. Particular significance is payed to offset compensations. Russia was the participant of the international project under the guidance of the United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility since 2013. It was gained the positive experience in using of tools and practices of biodiversity conservation at the coal industry enterprises. Implementation tools of results of UNDP/GEF Project aren't still created. Biodiversity of the Kemerovo region and other mining regions is under the threat of destruction.

scholarly journals The evolution of traits and functions in herbivorous coral reef fishes through space and time

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. Siqueira ◽  
David R. Bellwood ◽  
Peter F. Cowman
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Ecological Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Trait Space

Herbivory by fishes has been identified as a key ecological process shaping coral reefs through time. Although taxonomically limited, herbivorous reef fishes display a wide range of traits, which results in varied ecosystem functions on reefs around the world. Yet, we understand little about how these trait combinations and functions in ecosystems changed through time and across biogeographic realms. Here, we used fossils and phylogenies in a functional ecological framework to reveal temporal changes in nominally herbivorous fish assemblages among oceanic basins in both trait space and lineage richness among functions. We show that the trait space occupied by extant herbivorous fishes in the Indo-Pacific resulted from an expansion of traits from the ancestral Tethyan assemblages. By contrast, trait space in the Atlantic is the result of lineage turnover, with relatively recent colonization by lineages that arose in the east Tethys/Indo-Pacific. From an ecosystem function perspective, the Atlantic supports a depauperate fauna, with few extant herbivorous reef fish lineages performing each function. Indo-Pacific fishes support both more functions and more lineages within each function, with a marked Miocene to Pleistocene expansion. These disparities highlight the importance of history in explaining global variation in fish functional composition on coral reefs.

scholarly journals Historical biogeography of fishes from coastal basins of Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marcelo S. Abreu ◽  
Jack M. Craig ◽  
James S. Albert ◽  
Nivaldo M. Piorski
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coastal Basins

ABSTRACT The Amazonian ichthyofauna is one of the most diverse in the world, yet fishes from the adjacent coastal basins of Maranhão State in Northeastern Brazil remain poorly known. We use phylogeographic, community phylogenetic and phylogenetic beta diversity methods to study the biogeographic history of fishes from the coastal basins of Maranhão State. We report a total of 160 fish species from the basins of the Maranhão region, representing a 93% increase over results of previous studies. All the fish species assemblages from Maranhão are polyphyletic, with only a few putative sister species pairs inhabiting the region. The modern watershed divides among Maranhão basins do not form substantial barriers to dispersal for freshwater fish species, and are more effectively modelled as biogeographic islands than as biogeographic provinces. In combination these results suggest that the Maranhão ichthyofauna was assembled under the influence of several macroevolutionary (extinction, dispersal) and landscape evolution processes, during the Miocene and Pliocene, as well as by the modern ecological characteristics of the region. The results indicate that the distinctive geological and climatic conditions and history of Northeastern Brazil strongly constrained the formation of aquatic faunas in coastal basins of Maranhão State.

scholarly journals DNA-based identification of predators of the corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) from fish faeces and gut contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke J. Kroon ◽  
Carine D. Lefèvre ◽  
Jason R. Doyle ◽  
Frances Patel ◽  
Grant Milton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Reef Fish Species

Abstract The corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) has been linked with the widespread loss of scleractinian coral cover on Indo-Pacific reefs during periodic population outbreaks. Here, we re-examine CoTS consumption by coral reef fish species by using new DNA technologies to detect Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) in fish faecal and gut content samples. CoTS DNA was detected in samples from 18 different coral reef fish species collected on reefs at various stages of CoTS outbreaks in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, nine of which had not been previously reported to feed on CoTS. A comprehensive set of negative and positive control samples confirmed that our collection, processing and analysis procedures were robust, although food web transfer of CoTS DNA cannot be ruled out for some fish species. Our results, combined with the (i) presence of CoTS spines in some samples, (ii) reported predation on CoTS gametes, larvae and settled individuals, and (iii) known diet information for fish species examined, strongly indicate that direct fish predation on CoTS may well be more common than is currently appreciated. We provide recommendations for specific management approaches to enhance predation on CoTS by coral reef fishes, and to support the mitigation of CoTS outbreaks and reverse declines in hard coral cover.

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