Forests of Finland 2014–2018 and their development 1921–2018

We describe the methodology applied in the 12th national forest inventory of Finland (NFI12) and describe the state of Finlandâs forests as well as the development of some key parameters since 1920s. According to the NFI12, the area of forestry land (consisting of productive and poorly productive forest, unproductive land, and other forestry land) is 26.2 M ha. The area of forestry land has decreased from 1920s to 1960s due to expansion of agriculture and built-up land. 20% of the forestry land is not available for wood supply and 13% is only partly available for wood supply. The area of peatlands is 8.8 M ha, which is one third of the forestry land. 53% of the current area of peatlands is drained. The volume of growing stock, 2500 M m, is 1.7 times the volume estimated in NFI1 in the 1920s for the current territory of Finland. The estimated annual volume increment is 107.8 M m. The increment estimate has doubled since the estimate of NFI2 implemented in late 1930s. The annual mortality is estimated to 7 M m, which is 0.5 M m more than according to the previous inventory. Serious or complete damage was observed on 2% of the productive forest available for wood supply. The amount of dead wood is on average 5.8 m ha in productive forests. Since the NFI9 (1996â2003) the amount of dead wood has increased in South Finland and decreased in North Finland both in protected forests and forests available for wood supply (FAWS). The area of natural or almost natural forests on productive forest is 380â000 ha, out of this, 42â000 ha are in FAWS and 340â000 ha in protected forests.33333â1

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Multipurpose National Forest Inventory in Mongolia, 2014-2017 -A tool to support sustainable forest management

GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY ◽

10.24057/2071-9388-2019-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 167-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dan Altrell

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

National Forest ◽

Green Wood ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Stock Volume

Mongolia’s first Multipurpose National Forest Inventory, 2014-2017, was implemented by the Forest Research and Development Centre, in collaboration with international expertise and the country’s main forestry institutions, universities and research organisations.The long-term objective of the multipurpose NFI is to promote sustainable management of forestry resources in Mongolia, to enhance their social, economic and environmental functions.The NFI findings show that there are 11.3 million hectares of Boreal Forest in Mongolia. 9.5 million hectares are Stocked Boreal Forest Area, of which 69 percent is located outside of protected areas, 4 percent are designated for green-wood utilisation through forest enterprise concessions, and another 16 percent designated for fallen dead-wood collection through forest user group concessions. The non-protected stocked forests (i.e. production forest) have an average growing stock volume of 115 m3 per hectare, compared with an optimal growing stock volume of 237 m3 per hectare, and there is an additional 46.5 m3 of dead wood per hectare. The growing stock age distribution shows that 24 m3 per hectare are over 200 years (i.e. economically over-aged). The main tree species in stocked forest are Larix sibirica (81%), Pinus sibirica (7%), Betula platyphylla (6%) and Pinus sylvestris (5%), of which all, except for P. sibirica, are classified as legally harvestable tree species. Wild fire is the current main environmental factor decreasing the forest tree biomass.The NFI helped identifying priority areas for the forestry sector, and to guide the implementation of sustainable forest management at the local level. The main forest management challenges of Mongolia’s boreal forest will be to address that they are a) under-stocked (less than 50% of production potential), b) over-aged (31% of growing stock volume in stocked production forest is above optimal production age), and c) under-utilised (4% of forest area designated to green-wood utilisation).

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Forest stands volume estimation by using Finnish Multi-Source National Forest Inventory in Stołowe Mountains National Park

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.1515/ffp-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

Przemko Pachana

Keyword(s):

Forest Inventory ◽

National Park ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Satellite Image ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

National Forest ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Timber Volume ◽

Growing Stock

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to convey to the reader the method and application of the Finnish Multi-Source National Forest Inventory (MS-NFI) that was devised in the Finnish Forest Research Institute. The study area concerned is Stołowe Mountains National Park, which is located in the south-western Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. To accomplish the above mentioned aim, the following data have been applied: timber volume derived from field sample plots, satellite image, digital map data and digital elevation model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between independent and dependent variables has been verified. Furthermore, the non-parametric k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) technique and genetic algorithm have been used in order to estimate forest stands biomass at the pixel level. The error estimates have been obtained by leave-one-out cross-validation method. The main computed forest stands features were total and mean timber volume as well as maximum and minimum biomass occurring in the examined area. In the final step, timber volume map of the growing stock has been created.

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A Markov Chain Model for Simulating Wood Supply from Any-Aged Forest Management Based on National Forest Inventory (NFI) Data

Forests ◽

10.3390/f8090307 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jari Vauhkonen ◽

Tuula Packalen

Keyword(s):

Markov Chain ◽

Forest Management ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Markov Chain Model ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

National Forest ◽

Chain Model ◽

Wood Supply

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Das Potenzial der Totholzakkumulation im deutschen Wald | Potential of deadwood accumulation in German forests

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2010.0171 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 161 (5) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Franz Kroiher ◽

Katja Oehmichen

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Decay Constant ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Timber Harvesting ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

Time Span ◽

National Forest

Deadwood is an important part of the forest ecosystem. The quantity available depends on the rates of accumulation and of decomposition. A comprehensive pool of data regarding the deadwood stock for Germany is collected by the German national forest inventory. Moreover, the Projection Modelling of Forest Development and Timber Harvesting Potential (WEHAM) adds other important parameters such as growth rates and potential roundwood availability. Using this data, scenarios for the accumulation of deadwood were developed. For the calculation of deadwood decomposition, independent of tree species, a decay constant k = 0.054 was derived for the whole of Germany. The study shows that a long-term stop in timber harvesting in Germany, assuming the proportions of different tree species remained constant, would lead to a saturation of deadwood with a total of 184 m3/ha. If the German forest presented a natural composition of tree species, a deadwood stock of 150 m3/ha at most could be accumulated. Based on these scenarios, rates of accumulation of total dead-wood and of deadwood of large diameter can be calculated taking into account the deadwood stock levels desired and the time span involved. It has been shown that 7.3% of the WEHAM potential roundwood availability must remain in the forest per year if the quantity of deadwood is to be maintained at 11.5 m3/ha. If an increase in the accumulation of deadwood is to be aimed for, the annual input rate together with the desired deadwood stocks are increasingly influenced by the time span involved. Thus shorter time spans with greater stocks of deadwood to be achieved make it possible to approach the WEHAM potential roundwood availability. The results presented in this paper should assist in decision-making concerning stocks of deadwood to be aimed for in the forest and, in the future, serve as a basis for the selection, evaluation and discussion of quantities of dead-wood to be achieved.

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Etat et évolution de la ressource forestière feuillue en Suisse. Résultats du deuxième inventaire forestier national (IFN 2) | State and Development of Hardwood Resources in Swiss Forests – Results of the Second National Forest Inventory (NFI 2)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0247 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (7) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Urs-Beat Brändli

Keyword(s):

Forest Inventory ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

Comprehensive Assessment ◽

National Forest ◽

Growing Stock ◽

The Future ◽

The One ◽

First Time ◽

Inventaire Forestier National

The results of the second national forest inventory (NFI 2) allow a reliable and comprehensive assessment of the Swiss forests'development for the first time. One of the most obvious changes is the important increase in hardwoos. The most significant facts of NFI for hardwood-resources are presented as the basis for discussions and measures for an increased hardwood utilisation. The whole stock in Swiss forests amounts to 418 Mio m3. About 60% of the hardwood stock of 118 Mio m3 is beech. The share of hardwood has increased by 2% both in surface and growing stock. These developments will remain constant in the future. The increase in stock amounts to 5% in softwood,whereas the one of hardwood amounts to 12%, maple and ash are dominating. The most important increase in standing volume is evident in trees of 36 to 52 cm DBH. With an unchanged utilisation, the share in large timber will further increase. The increase was harvested to 80% in softwood, to 59% in hardwood, less so, however, in the French part than in the rest of Switzerland. But in the distinct cantons, not more than 40 to 80% of the increment of hardwood has been harvested. In hardwood, the non-exploited increment amounts to 1.4 Mio m3per year, of which 58% is beech, almost as the growing stock. For silvicultural reasons, it would be possible to double the volume of exploited hardwood – which would make sense, too,for ecological and socio-economic reasons. However, the calculated harvest expenditure for such an increased utilisation is in most of the cases high above the present average proceeds for hardwood.

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Fluctuations in gross volume increment estimated by the Lithuanian National Forest Inventory compared with annual variations in single tree increment

BALTIC FORESTRY ◽

10.46490/vol25iss2pp273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 273-280

Author(s):

Gintaras Kulbokas ◽

Vaiva Jurevičienė ◽

Andrius Kuliešis ◽

Algirdas Augustaitis ◽

Edmundas Petrauskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Volume Change ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Basal Area ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

Reference Level ◽

National Forest ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Volume Increment ◽

Stock Volume

There are significant inter-annual fluctuations of growing stock volume changes of living trees estimated by the Lithuanian National Forest Inventory (NFI). In the current study, we compared two sources of information on forest productivity: conventional NFI data and dendrochronological data based on tree cores collected in parallel with the measurements of the fourth Lithuanian NFI cycle during 2013–2017 on the same permanent plots (total number of cores was 4967). The main finding is that the dendrochronological basal area increment data confirmed the depression of gross stand volume increment around 2006–2007 (based on Lithuanian NFI measurements in 2008–2009), followed by a steep increase during 2008–2011 (NFI from 2010–2013). The findings explain the differences between projected growing stock volume change, which have been used for forest reference level estimation according to land use, land-use change and forestry sector regulation, and the one recently provided in National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports. Key words: Growing stock volume change, basal area increment, forest reference level, greenhouse gas reporting

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Wall-to-wall spatial prediction of growing stock volume based on Italian National Forest Inventory plots and remotely sensed data

International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation ◽

10.1016/j.jag.2019.101959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 101959 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gherardo Chirici ◽

Francesca Giannetti ◽

Ronald E. McRoberts ◽

Davide Travaglini ◽

Matteo Pecchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Inventory ◽

Spatial Prediction ◽

Remotely Sensed ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

National Forest ◽

Remotely Sensed Data ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Stock Volume

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New estimate of growing stock volume and carbon sequestration of Russian forests based on national forest inventory and remote sensing data

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11217 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dmitry Schepaschenko ◽

Elena Moltchanova ◽

Stanislav Fedorov ◽

Victor Karminov ◽

Petr Ontikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

The State ◽

National Forest ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Growing Stock ◽

Russian Forests

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and transition to a new forest inventory system, Russia has reported (FAO, 2014) almost no changes in growing stock (+1.8%) and biomass (+0.6%). Yet remote sensing products indicate increased vegetation productivity (Guay et al., 2014), tree cover (Song et al., 2018) and above-ground biomass (Liu et al., 2015). Here, we challenge the official national statistics with a combination of recent National Forest Inventory and remote sensing data products to provide an alternative estimate of the growing stock of Russian forests and assess the relative changes in the post-Soviet era. Our estimate for the year 2014 is 118.29&#177;1.3 109 m3, which is 48% higher than the official value reported for the same year in the State Forest Register. The difference is explained by increased biomass density in forested areas (+39%) and larger forest area estimates (+9%). Using the last Soviet Union report (1988) as a reference, Russian forests have accumulated 1163&#215;106 m3 yr-1 of growing stock between 1988&#8211;2014, which compensates for forest growing stock losses in tropical countries (FAO FRA, 2015). Our estimate of the growing stock of managed forests is 94.2&#160;109&#160;m3, which corresponds to sequestration of 354 Tg C yr-1 in live biomass over 1988&#8211;2014, or 47% higher than reported in the National Greenhouse Gases Inventory (National Inventory Report, 2020).Acknowledgement: The research plots data collection was performed within the framework of the state assignment of the Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences (no. &#1040;&#1040;&#1040;&#1040;-&#1040;18-118052590019-7), and the ground data pre-processing were financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-77-30015).

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