Physicochemical Properties of Buffers Used in Simulated Biological Fluids with Potential Application for In Vitro Dissolution Testing: A Mini-review

AbstractThe delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a tremendously difficult task. Prolonged treatment in conventional intravitreal therapy requires injections that are administered frequently due to the rapid clearance of the drug molecules. As an alternative, intraocular implants can offer drug release for long-term therapy. However, one of the several challenges in developing intraocular implants is selecting an appropriate in vitro dissolution testing model. In order to determine the efficacy of ocular implants in drug release, multiple in vitro test models were emerging. While these in vitro models may be used to analyse drug release profiles, the findings may not predict in vivo retinal drug exposure as this is influenced by metabolic and physiological factors. This review considers various types of in vitro test methods used to test drug release of ocular implants. Importantly, it discusses the challenges and factors that must be considered in the development and testing of the implants in an in vitro setup. Graphical abstract

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Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Dissolution of Spiramycin Microparticles Using the Homogenate-Antisolvent Precipitation Process

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app7010010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaonan Zhang ◽

Xia Wu ◽

Fengying Xie ◽

Zhongjiang Wang ◽

Xiuling Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Antisolvent Precipitation

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In Vitro Dissolution Testing with Flow-Through Method: A Technical Note

AAPS PharmSciTech ◽

10.1208/s12249-009-9339-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Zongming Gao

Keyword(s):

Technical Note ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Testing ◽

Flow Through

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Automation of dissolution tests

Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/s1463924603000026 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 7-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rolf Rolli

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Dissolution Testing ◽

Simultaneous Operation ◽

Task Forces ◽

The Core ◽

Dissolution Tests ◽

The 1960S

Dissolution testing of drug formulations was introduced in the 1960s and accepted by health regulatory authorities in the 1970s. Since then, the importance of dissolution has grown rapidly as have the number of tests and demands in quality-control laboratories. Recent research works lead to the development of in-vitro dissolution tests as replacements for human and animal bioequivalence studies. For many years, a lot of time and effort has been invested in automation of dissolution tests. There have been a number of in-house solutions from pharmaceutical companies and many have created task forces or even departments to develop automation. Robotic solutions with sequential operation were introduced as well as the simultaneous operation concept developed by SOTAX. Today, pharmaceutical companies focus their resources mainly on the core business and in-house engineering solutions that are very difficult to justify. Therefore, it is important to know the basic considerations in order to plan an automation concept and implement it together with a vendor.

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The differences between the branded and generic medicines using solid dosage forms: In-vitro dissolution testing

Results in Pharma Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.rinphs.2011.12.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mubarak Nasser Al Ameri ◽

Nanda Nayuni ◽

K.G. Anil Kumar ◽

David Perrett ◽

Arthur Tucker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dosage Forms ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Testing ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Solid Dosage Forms ◽

Solid Dosage

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In Vitro Dissolution Testing and Method Development

Formulation and Analytical Development for Low-Dose Oral Drug Products ◽

10.1002/9780470386361.ch11 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 265-281

Author(s):

Vivian A. Gray ◽

Jack Y. Zheng ◽

Norman N. Sesi

Keyword(s):

Method Development ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Dissolution Testing

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DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF APREMILAST-SACCHARIN COCRYSTALS LOADED WITH TOPICAL GEL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i7.37693 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

TEJASWINI MANE ◽

MUKESH MOHITE

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

In Vitro Dissolution ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Topical Gel ◽

Solubility Study

Objective: Most of the drugs are relevant to BSC class II and class IV having solubility problems. Cocrystallization of drug with conformer is an immense approach used to explore the physicochemical properties of drug. The objective of the present work was to design formulate and evaluate the drug cocrystals of poorly soluble drug apremilast (APR) with saccharin. Methods: Cocrystals of APR were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. The saturated solubility study and in vitro dissolution study of cocrystals were carried out. The prepared cocrystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The topical gel of APR cocrystals was formulated optimized and evaluated using three-level factorial design. Results: The cocrystals of APR were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio with saccharin. APR cocrystals showed the improvement in solubility and dissolution as compared to pure APR. The formation of cocrystals was confirmed from change in endothermic peak of DSC and from shifting of FTIR spectra of cocrystals. Crystallinity of cocrystal was confirmed from XRD pattern and noteworthy change in 2θ values of the intense peak. The topical gel of APR cocrystals was formulated and optimized using three-level factorial design using Carbapol-940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. Conclusion: The cocrystals with altered physicochemical properties of APR were prepared with saccharin and formulated as a topical gel to overcome the problems related to oral administration.

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