Impact assessment of simultaneous operation of photovoltaic and cogeneration power plants on industrial distribution system

<p>Industries with co-generation plants face unprecedented problems due to penetration of renewable energy systems such as solar power on their existing distribution networks. These problems are caused by intermittent solar power. To this end, this paper provides a detailed investigation of the effects due to sudden changes in solar power on an existing industrial distribution network connected to co-generation plants. Moreover, the case studies in this work consider simultaneous operation of a large industry having co-generation captive power plant and large scale solar photovoltaic power plant. The real-time field data for the past three years are used to check the performance of solar photovoltaic power plant, load management, power quality and other concerning issues on the distribution network. In addition to the real-time data, the simulations were performed for the solar power output under different solar irradiance conditions. Moreover, these simulations are used to assess photovoltaic integration effects on a distribution system having a co-generation captive power plant. Finally, this paper put forward photovoltaic integration guidelines to industries and policymakers interested to carry out the integration studies in the future.</p>

Design of a Multi-Point Kinematic Coupling for a High Precision Telescopic Simultaneous Measurement System

This paper covers the design of a new multi-point kinematic coupling specially developed for a high precision multi-telescopic arm measurement system for the volumetric verification of machine tools with linear and/or rotary axes. The multipoint kinematic coupling allows the simultaneous operation of the three telescopic arms that are registered at the same time to a sphere fixed on the machine tool spindle nose. Every coupling provides an accurate multi-point contact to the sphere, avoiding collisions and interferences with the other two multi-point kinematic couplings, and generating repulsion forces among them to ensure the coupling’s fingers interlacing along the machine tool x/y/z travels in the verification process. Simulation presents minimal deformation of the kinematic coupling under load, assuring the precision of the sphere-to-sphere distance measurement. Experimental results are provided to show that the multi-point kinematic coupling developed has repeatability values below ±1.2 µm in the application.

Case Report: A Rare Case of a Combination of Omphalocele With Umbilical Teratoma

Omphalocele is a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall, which occurs with a frequency of 1–5,000 newborns. The prognosis of treatment often depends on the presence of concomitant malformations. The most common contents of the hernia with omphalocele are the intestinal loops, liver, spleen. However, all organs of the abdominal cavity can be part of the hernial sac with large sizes of omphalocele. Teratoma is a germ cell tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, teeth, or bone. They are a type of germ cell tumor and divided into two types: mature and immature. In this article, we describe a rare case of a combination of an omphalocele with a mature teratoma and report the successful single step surgical treatment. On the first day after birth, a simultaneous operation—Removal of teratoma with abdominoplasty was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the child was discharged for recovery.

Evaluation of the Simultaneous Operation of the Mechanisms for Cross-Border Interchange and Activation of the Regulating Reserves

This article examines the mechanisms for cross-border interchange of the regulating reserves (RRs), i.e., the imbalance-netting process (INP) and the cross-border activation of the RRs (CBRR). Both mechanisms are an additional service of frequency restoration reserves in the power system and connect different control areas (CAs) via virtual tie-lines to release RRs and reduce balancing energy. The primary objective of the INP is to net the demand for RRs between the cooperating CAs with different signs of interchange power variation. In contrast, the primary objective of the CBRR is to activate the RRs in the cooperating CAs with matching signs of interchange power variation. In this way, the ancillary services market and the European balancing system should be improved. However, both the INP and CBRR include a frequency term and thus impact the frequency response of the cooperating CAs. Therefore, the impact of the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR on the load-frequency control (LFC) and performance is comprehensively evaluated with dynamic simulations of a three-CA testing system, which no previous studies investigated before. In addition, a function for correction power adjustment is proposed to prevent the undesirable simultaneous activation of the INP and CBRR. In this way, area control error (ACE) and scheduled control power are decreased since undesired correction is prevented. The dynamic simulations confirmed that the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR reduced the balancing energy and decreased the unintended exchange of energy. Consequently, the LFC and performance were improved in this way. However, the impact of the INP and CBRR on the frequency quality has no unambiguous conclusions.

Reliability of Roller Freewheel Clutch with a Constant Jamming Angle

The article formulates the condition for the simultaneous operation of all elements of the roller freewheel clutches. Based on this condition, a functional dependence of the profiling involute line of the sprocket working surface was obtained, ensuring the constancy of the angle of roller jamming, regardless of their size. The algebra of n-dimensional hypercomplex numbers is used to describe the isometry of the profiling involute line in space. This mathematical tool is used to simplify the translation of the involute surface equation into program blocks of numerically controlled machine. The formulas are given to determine the optimal values of the tolerances for the dimensions of the clutch parts. Requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing clutch parts have been developed. An express method for calculating the operational reliability of freewheeling clutches is proposed. The results of calculations by the proposed method are in qualitative agreement with the results of observations of the clutch operation and experimental data.

The Possibilities of Simultaneous Operation (SIMOPs) and Practicality of Positive Pressure Habitat in a Hazardous Industry: Where Process Safety Meets Occupational Hygiene

High risk industrial facilities require operational shutdowns to undertake maintenance activities when the interaction between maintenance activities and facility processes are potentially explosive. This study presents a model that circumvents this interaction thereby enabling simultaneous operations flammable hydrocarbon facility while hot work progresses. A mixed study in which qualitative data on Simultaneous Operation (SIMOPs) of a hydrocarbon facility, hot work and deployment of Positive Pressure Habitat were generated through a walk-through survey. Quantitative data on the exposures within and around the hot work activities were generated using air quality monitor to measure the concentration of welding particulates, portable ozone meter used to measure the ozone level, sound level meter to measure ambient noise level, personal noise dosimeter to measure personal noise level, Multi-gas Meter. While concentrations of chemical parameter, temperature, relative humidity, habitat pressure were not in exceedance of exposure limits; the average noise level and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 within the habitat were 87 – dB(A) and 65 µg/m3 respectively. The exceedances in noise and PM2.5 level was mitigated using hearing protection, respirator and local exhaust ventilation (LEV). A simultaneous operation involving live hydrocarbon facility and hot works was achieved using the Positive Pressure Habitat (PPH) as a buffer between flammable work environment and thermal energy emitted from hot work activities. Chemical pollutants were introduced by maintenance activities within the habitat but was however mitigated through occupational hygiene measures. This study validates the possibility of simultaneous operation in the event of two mutually explosive scenarios with the aid of process safety equipment’s and occupational hygiene measurements and control measures. Globally, downtimes in high risk industries occasioned by maintenance activities could be prevented by deploying process safety and occupational hygiene control strategies concurrently.

What are the Ultimate Sources for Privileges and Immunities of the European Union? Comment on the Judgement of the Court of Justice, Case C-502/19 Junqueras Vies

The judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU in the case of Mr Junqueras Vies has been significant in many respects. It has split the mandate of Members of the European Parliament from the parliamentary functions fulfilled by them. It has also extended the scope of parliamentary privileges and immunities of MEPs as a result of extensive reading of the provisions of the Protocol on Privileges and Immunities of the EU. The present comment argues that such an extensive interpretation had only been possible because the CJEU found in its judgment that the principle of representative democracy created a ‘context’ in which the Court reread the respective provisions on the immunities of MEPs. As a result of the above, it seems the CJEU has found yet another basis for the EU’simmunities, functioning independently of Article 343 TFEU. Contrary to the EU’s immunities which are based on Article 343 TFEU and operate according to the principle of functional necessity, which is characteristic for traditional international organisations, immunities based on the principle of representative democracy operate according to ‘constitutional’ logic, which is characteristic for states. As the EU is evidently neither a traditional international organisation nor a state, simultaneous operation of these two sources for its privileges and immunities may prove to be difficult. In particular, EU citizens may start to wonder why the EU, the functioning of which is based on the principle of representative democracy, enjoys privileges and immunities characteristic for traditional intergovernmentalorganisations.